1 . The Carter Center said recently that only 13 human cases of Guinea worm disease were reported worldwide last year. That is a major drop from 3.5 million cases of infected people in 1986, in which year the Atlanta-based Carter Center joined the World Health Organization( WHO) in the fight against Guinea worm disease. The center said the remaining infection occurred in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Six human cases were reported in Chad, five in South Sudan, one in Ethiopia and one in the Central African Republic. And the Central African Republic case remains under investigation.
Guinea worm disease is a disease that affects poor communities in distant parts of Africa and Asia where people do not have safe water to drink. People who drink unclean water can get parasites (寄生虫) that can grow up to 1 meter. The worm grows in people for up to a year before painfully coming out, often through the feet or other sensitive parts of the body.
The WHO says there is neither a drug treatment for Guinea worm disease nor a vaccine to prevent it. But it can be prevented by training people to filter (过滤) and drink clean water.
Guinea worm disease could be the second human disease to be ended after smallpox, according to the Carter Center. Adam Weiss, a director of a program to fight against the disease, says that eradicating the disease finally could be difficult, for the populations where Guinea worm disease still exists often face insecurity, including conflict, which can prevent workers and volunteers from going house to house to offer support.
Weiss warns, “If support for these communities slows or stops, there’s no question that you’re going to see a sudden increase in Guinea worm.” However, he adds, “We’re continuing to make progress — even if it is not as fast as we all want it to be, that progress continues.”
1. What do we know about Guinea worm disease from the text?| A．It’s still a big problem worldwide. | B．It was first found in the year 1986. |
| C．It has been well controlled in the past years. | D．It once existed in most countries worldwide. |
| A．He can be in great pain within a few days. | B．He will end up becoming very sensitive. |
| C．He will mainly suffer stomachaches. | D．He may suffer a lot in the end. |
| A．By having a vaccine to prevent it. | B．By ensuring drinking water is clean. |
| C．By receiving a good drug treatment. | D．By avoiding getting into unclean water. |
| A．Completely ending. | B．Carefully studying. |
| C．Exactly knowing. | D．Suddenly changing. |
1. What does “toxicity” refer to?
| A．Harmful chemicals. | B．Anything too much. | C．Negative thoughts. |
| A．Nutrients. | B．Change. | C．Self-love. |
| A．It leads to physical pain. | B．It results in a bad smell. | C．It causes emotional stress. |
| A．At a cafe. | B．In a classroom. | C．In a studio. |
3 . A recent research suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) could hold the potential for predicting sudden cardiac (心脏的) death and assessing an individual’s risk to potentially prevent future deaths. This development may mark a novel step towards prevention and global health strategies.
Professor Xavier Jouven, lead author of the study, said, “Sudden cardiac death, a public health burden, represents 10% to 20% of overall deaths. Predicting it is difficult, and the usual approaches fail to identify high-risk people, particularly at an individual level. We proposed a new approach.”
The scientific team employed AI to analyze medical data obtained from registries and databases in Paris, France and Seattle. They examined records of 25,000 individuals who had experienced sudden cardiac arrest and compared them with data from 70,000 people from the general population. The matching process involved age, sex and residential area. Using AI, the scientists created about 25,000 personalized health models to evaluate the data and identify individuals at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Additionally, they established a risk file for each participant in the study.
The AI analysis was able to identify people who had more than 90% of risk dying suddenly, and it can predict about more than one-fourth of all cases of sudden cardiac death. “We have been working for almost 30 years in the field of sudden cardiac death prediction. However, we did not expect to reach such a high level of accuracy,” said Jouven, who is the founder of the Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center.
Jouven added. “While doctors have efficient treatments, the use of AI is necessary to detect in a given subject a succession of medical information registered over the years. We hope that with a personalized list of risk factors, patients will be able to work with their clinicians to reduce those risk factors and ultimately decrease the potential for sudden cardiac death.”
1. What can be known about sudden cardiac death?| A．It is hard to predict and prevent. |
| B．Researchers still can do nothing about it. |
| C．It accounts for the highest percentage of all deaths. |
| D．Old approaches can effectively identify its high-risk people. |
| A．Its result. | B．Its process. | C．Its purpose. | D．Its participants. |
| A．Worried. | B．Amazed. | C．Annoyed. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．The Biggest AI Development in 2024 | B．Using AI to Stop Future Cardiac Attack |
| C．Improved Prediction of Death in Patients | D．Predicting Sudden Cardiac Death Using Al |
A few years ago, as a teenager, I experienced daily migraines (偏头痛) that made me want to hit my head against a brick wall. I was desperate to find a cure. For those of you who have experienced this pain, I can sense you silently nodding in agreement, while for those of you who have not experienced it, it is by no means an overstatement to say that the experience is suffering.
I had tried everything. Unfortunately, nothing worked as a continuous cure for my unfortunate painful condition. In my hopelessness, my father told me to try acupuncture (针灸), which he had experienced once in Hong Kong. It had helped cure his lower back when no other forms of therapy or medicine had worked.
I had no idea about acupuncture and had never experienced traditional Chinese medicine before. With no expectations due to my previous dis- appointments in my search for a treatment, I went on my journey of acupuncture, and soon found myself in a middle-aged woman’s office which was surrounded by Chinese herbal medicines.
After I sat myself down on the patient chair, she asked me why I had come in. Then, she placed three fingers on my wrist and silently felt my pulse. I was then taken to a room and told to lie down. Soon, she took out the needles which made me quite worried because such objects make me uneasy.
The initial procedure of receiving acupuncture proved to be quite surprising. To address my migraines, acupuncture was first administered to the back of my hand, which is nowhere near my head. The feeling was quite unexpected too: as the doctor carefully tapped and twisted the needle in, I did not sense the needle itself, but rather an effect that rippled (起伏) throughout my entire body. The doctor then continued to tap and twist more needles throughout my entire body: head, face, stomach, legs, arms, and toes. The entire process was over in 20 minutes. She then gave some herbal medicine to me to drink every day for five days.
注意：1. 续写词数为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I returned to the doctor for a total of 10 times.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Acupuncture did change my life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 . We watch our salt and fat intake to protect our hearts. We exercise and take calcium to protect our bones. We use sunscreen to protect our skin.
Invest in quality sunglasses. Protecting the eyes from ultraviolet rays (紫外线) is very important.
Take a break from screens.
Get your eyes checked regularly. That means having your eyes tested by an optometrist or health care provider every one to two years. Don’t forget to see an eye specialist for a checkup regularly, if possible.
| A．Stay away from dangerous work. |
| B．Wear safety glasses when needed. |
| C．But how can we protect our eyes from screen? |
| D．But what can we do to protect our eyes all year round? |
| E．Not all eye problems are noticeable, and all are best treated when found early. |
| F．It’s one of the biggest things in our environment to have an impact on the eyes. |
| G．There’s no scientific evidence that the light from electronic screens damages eyes. |
1. What is the matter with Mr. Smith?
| A．He is unqualified for his job. |
| B．His leg is broken. |
| C．He got a sore throat. |
| A．Chinese. | B．English. | C．Physics. |
| A．He has to help his students prepare for the exam. |
| B．He has trouble sleeping. |
| C．He wants to visit a friend. |
7 . Dementia (痴呆), a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally. 160,000 people have some forms of dementia in Sweden, Alzheimer’s disease being the most common. At the same time, many new diagnostic (诊断的) methods and early-intervention treatment have been developed in recent years, which highlights the need to identify more risk factors for the disease.
Previous studies have demonstrated a possible association between depression and dementia. A present study now clearly shows that people who have been diagnosed with depression are more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike the previous ones, the study was conducted using Region Stockholm’s administrative healthcare database, which contains all healthcare contacts recorded by the region. It shows that the risk of Alzheimer’s disease was more than twice as high in patients with stress and in patients with depression as it was in patients without either condition; in patients with both depression it was up to four times as high.
“The reason for it is unknown,” says the study’s last author Axel C. Carlsson. “The finding is important in that it enables us to improve preventative efforts and understand links with the other risk factors for dementia.”
The researchers focused on patients between the ages of 18 and 65 and between 2012 and 2013. They identified 44,447 people with a diagnosis of depression and followed them for eight years to see how many of them were later diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. A comparison with all other 1,362,548 individuals in the age group showed that more people with depression had also been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.
“It’s very uncommon for people in this age group to develop dementia, so we need to identify all possible risk factors for the disease,” says Dr Carlsson. “We show here that the diagnosis is more common in people who have suffered depression, but more studies will be required if we’re to demonstrate any reason there.”
1. What do the previous studies and the present one differ in?| A．The target. | B．The method. |
| C．The purpose. | D．The theory. |
| A．It clarifies the condition of dementia. |
| B．It makes clear the risks of depression. |
| C．It confirms the previous study finding. |
| D．It helps with the dementia prevention. |
| A．Its process. | B．Its background. |
| C．Its application. | D．Its assessment. |
| A．Why dementia spreads wide in Sweden. |
| B．What links exist among mental diseases. |
| C．How depression connects with dementia. |
| D．What other risk factors lead to dementia. |
8 . Traditionally, many decisions about medical treatment were left up to doctors: They decided, and patients agreed. Today, health care professionals are embracing the idea of shared decision-making, where patients become informed partners in their choices. Health care professionals now focus on placing the patient at the center of care, informing them about their options, and engaging them in treatment decisions. For example, they engage patients by asking, “What’s important to you? And what are your priorities and goals as we talk about a treatment plan?”
“I think there’s a strong recognition in American medicine, of the importance of patient engagement not only in their care, but in deciding what types of care and types of procedures they’re going to get,” said Dr. Allen, a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora.
A 2017 study, published in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes found that people with heart disease who went through-shared decision-making had better physical and mental health, better obedience to medication and lower rates of staying in hospital and emergency department use. Patients also reported better communication with their doctors. When people are more engaged in decision-making, they understand the pros and cons of various treatment options, and they’re more likely to stick to the treatment plan and to continue that communication.
But research on how to best approach different, cultural groups is lacking. Many doctors cite limited time as a barrier, although research shows that shared decision-making can be accomplished even within short clinic visits. Also, current models of payment for doctors’ visits do not always agree with the goals of shared decision-making. But underlying all that is that medical decisions can be “incredibly complicated”.
Making the practice work. on a wider scale is an evolving process. But in the long run, Allen said: “shared decision-making can ensure that with all the amazing new technologies and treatments that we will have in medicine, they really can be applied to more patients in a tailored, meaningful way that meets their own values, goals and preferences.”
1. What role do doctors play in shared decision-making?| A．They are at the center of care. | B．They ask questions to patients: |
| C．They follow patients’ opinions. | D．They present suggestions to patients. |
| A．Shortened time in hospital | B．Improved healthy awareness |
| C．Reduced mental problems | D．Enhanced communication skills |
| A．Lack of family support |
| B．Limited time and money |
| C．Uniqueness of medical treatment |
| D．Complicated medicine production process |
| A．Shared Decision Making: More than Technology? |
| B．Shared Decision Making: an Ideal Way for Patients |
| C．Shared Decision Making: a Future Model of Hospitals? |
| D．Shared Decision Making: Advantages and Disadvantages |
9 . How to Become Mentally Healthy
Exercise is one of the most effective ways.
Reading help you learn about life experiences and thought process of people that you will never meet in your life.
Avoid negative people. Every one of us has some people in our life whose only job is to demotivate others and make them feel low. If you have that kind of person in your life, it’s better to maintain some distance from them if you want to live peacefully.
These are some of the habits that you can apply in your life to become mentally healthy.
| A．Stay positive rather than passive. |
| B．Meditation helps us train our minds to live in the present. |
| C．These people will only make you feel worthless and nothing else. |
| D．Follow these habits, and we can certainly benefit from them and improve our mental health. |
| E．It makes people remove all the waste from their body and let only the positivity enter inside. |
| F．I hope you will love them and start living your new life by improving mental health with these habits. |
| G．Then, you can learn about many people and their stories to remove your mental blockage and learn a new way of living your life. |
10 . Just like our bodies, our minds also become weak over time.
It improves cognitive (认知的) performance.
A study published in the journal Neurology Clinical Practice examined nearly 100 individual studies on exercise and brain function and discovered that exercising an average of 52 hours over six months is associated with improved cognitive performance in older adults. The type of exercises are beneficial.
It can make you happier.
The human body is meant to move. But listening to that urge to move has many benefits - including making you happier and even keep depression and other mental health issues at bay.
Researchers from Japan’s University of Tsukuba wanted to explore this idea further by looking at the effect of exercise on the weakening of the brain. They found that the fitter a participant was, the less brain activity he used to complete the tasks when compared with his out-of-shape peers.
It can expand your capacity for joy.
| A．It allows you to use less brain power for the same task. |
| B．It makes you feel the progress of your brain power. |
| C．But remember not to choose some energetic exercises. |
| D．And these exercises include strength-training and mind-body exercises. |
| E．We lose the ability to process new information or to switch quickly between mental tasks. |
| F．A research has begun to expose long-overlooked links between physical activity and mental health. |
| G．Kelly McGonigal is a health expert who explains how exercise makes the brain more sensitive to joy. |
