1 . If you were to lift up the keys of your keyboard, and take a look below, you’d probably be met with a terrible scene. “We clean our homes but most of us never think to clean our keyboards,” Rebecca Park, an advanced practice nurse, says.
“Our keyboards can actually hold high levels of bacteria (细菌),” Park says. “The most common bacteria that are found on our keyboards tend to live on our skin, mouth, and nose. These are then carried to our keyboards, usually by our hands.”
And according to one study, this is more likely when many people use the same keyboard, and each brings their own bacteria to the table. That said, touching bacteria-covered surfaces all day long, and then touching your face, can impact your skin. “Dirty electronic devices are a common cause of more acne (粉刺) breakouts,” Dr Yoram Harth explains.
In another study, researchers collected samples (样本) from 300 keyboards and found that all of them had bacteria. “The authors concluded that the presence of infective (感染性的) bacteria on these objects indicates that they might be a cause for the spread of skin infections,” Harth says. “Similar overloads of bacteria were also found on smartphone touch screens and computer mice and headphones.”
It’s not something you necessarily have to think too much about, but it never hurts to be aware of surfaces with bacteria, and take a few extra prevention steps. “A good way to prevent the spread of infection from your keyboards is to wash your hands before and after using the computer,” Park says. “Soapy water is effective enough to kill most bacteria.”
Do this, and you won’t carry as much bacteria to your keyboard, and then back to your face, and so is the opposite. It can also ensure you won’t be clogging your keys with bits from food, especially if you get right back to typing after eating lunch.
1. What do the two studies find?| A．Most people never clean their keyboards. |
| B．Most of the bacteria on the keyboards are harmless. |
| C．Most acne breakouts are related to the keyboard use. |
| D．Most electronic devices have bacteria on their surfaces. |
| A．Clean the keyboard with soapy water. |
| B．Wash hands after using the computer. |
| C．Wear gloves when using the computer. |
| D．Avoid eating before using the computer. |
| A．Blocking. | B．Improving. | C．Destroying. | D．Replacing. |
| A．Useful Tips on Choosing a Proper Keyboard |
| B．Practical Ways to Protect Yourself from Bacteria |
| C．What You Should Keep in Mind About Infection |
| D．What Happens When You Don’t Clean Your Keyboard |
2 . Benefits of Walking in Cold Weather
As winter blankets the world in a coat of ice and fresh cold air, the idea of going outdoors fora walk might seem less attractive.
Strengthened Immune System
Remaining in colder temperatures can actually improve your immune (免疫的) system. As your body adapts to the cold, it produces more white blood cells.
High Spirits
The winter blues, also known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), can affect many individuals during the colder months. Fortunately, walking in cold weather has been linked to improved emotion and reduced signs of sadness. The fresh air and physical activity inspire the production of endorphins, the body’s natural emotion enhancers (增强剂).
Improved health and energy level
Cold-weather walking can provide an excellent heart workout. The combination of light movement and the body’s reaction to the cold increases heart health by improving circulation (血液循环) and lowering blood pressure. Over time, this can make your blood system healthier.
So, as the winter winds blow and snowflakes fall, consider wearing your warm clothes and taking a walk outside.
| A．The cold weather does not cost energy. |
| B．They play a key role in fighting off diseases. |
| C．Winter, especially, is an opportunity to go slowly. |
| D．They leave you feeling more positive and excited. |
| E．However, don’t let the cold temperatures prevent you. |
| F．Let each walk be a big step towards a healthier, happier you. |
| G．The benefits of walking in cold weather go beyond physical health. |
3 . How to Stay Healthy and Active
It is important to remain healthy and active throughout life, especially as you age. Try making a few changes that you think you will be able to manage.
Inspire yourself by understanding the many benefits of exercise. When you don’t feel like working out, it might help to focus on the reasons why you made the decision to get fit. Exercise not only controls weight, but helps fight disease, improves the immune system, and gives you more energy.
Choose an activity you enjoy. Many people find that going to a gym several times a week is a convenient way to exercise, but there are many other ways to stay healthy and active.
Set realistic goals.
| A．Seek for the company of a friend. |
| B．Spend more time with your family. |
| C．And stick to them for a couple of months. |
| D．Setting goals for yourself will help keep you motivated. |
| E．Staying fit can markedly improve your overall well-being. |
| F．Exercise also improves your mood and helps you sleep better. |
| G．Running, walking, and swimming are all great ways to stay fit. |
4 . Like many children, Heather studied hard, did her homework and played sports after school. During her elementary school years, she was thin, but things changed as she grew up.
“My bad eating habits began during my kid years,” says Healther Daivs. “In middle school, I played sports, but with a diet of hamburgers and soda for lunch…big family dinners…I became overweight.” During her senior year in high school, Heather Davis, who is 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighed 200 pounds. “We had a meat-and-potatoes family. We had dessert every night and I was a member of the ‘clean your plate club’. I tried my best to stop gaining weight, but it seemed impossible.” remembers Healther Daivs. “It caught up with me.” By the time she was 21 and attended college, Heather Davis’ weight had increased to 250 pounds. Heather Davis says it was caused by emotional eating, a junk-food diet and lack of exercise.
The realization that failed diet led to the physical(身体的)cost of obesity(肥胖)made her decide to lose weight by taking exercise. She did gym exercise for two weeks and began changing her diet by cutting out potato chips, ice cream and pizza. Within the first two weeks, she had lost 18 pounds. Heather Davis remained determined, and over the next 12 months, with the support of her family and regular training with a gym trainer, she lost 110 pounds.
“My days of treating my body badly are over,” say Heather Davis. “I focus on things I enjoy such as language classes and beach vacations.” She says even though she’s lost 110 pounds, she’s still the same person-outgoing, and more importantly-happy. She’s also become a good example for those who also want to lose weight. “If I can do it, anybody can do it,” says Heather Davis.
1. When did Heather Davis become over weight?| A．During her elementary school days. | B．When she was 22 years old. |
| C．When she was a teenager. | D．During her college years. |
| A．she used to have a junk-food diet. | B．she ate more when she was stressed. |
| C．she lived in a meat-and-potatoes family. | D．she seldom took part in sports. |
| A．Dropping 110 pounds changed a woman’s life. |
| B．How to lose weight. |
| C．Stay away from unhealthy diets. |
| D．Heather Davis-an outgoing woman. |
| A．Forgetful | B．Determined | C．Talkative | D．Lazy |
5 . It may be time to change your relationship with food. We must have a healthy relationship with food. When we eat because we’re hungry, we’re properly doing good to our bodies. We commonly hear the term “balance” when it comes to our eating habits, and for a good reason, it is one of the most important parts of eating.
When we’re balancing what we eat, it is a big sign that we are eating for pleasure and hunger relief (缓解). These two types of eating are important for good health. The food we eat should help power our bodies, but it is also important that we have positive (积极的) feelings and experiences with food. If you’re wondering if you have an unhealthy relationship with food, there are several things you should pay attention to.
Americans spend more than $40 billion a year on dieting and det-related products. Thus equals the amount the U.S. Federal Government spends on education each year. The society us addicted to (沉迷于) dieting. Numerous studies link constant dieting to a number of conditions, including low self-esteem, feelings of sadness, and increased stress.
These unhealthy behaviors can lead to eating disorders. Those who continually diet generally lose weight, regain it, and then diet. The process of yo-yo dieting isn’t healthy. What’s worse is that constant dieting, especially with severe calorie restriction (限制), can make it hander to lose weight over time. The very thing you think you’re doing right will cause you more harm in the long run.
There are some pretty serious dangers resulting from overeating, which is commonly characterized by eating in secret, eating food when you’re already full, and feeling a loss of control over what and how much you eat. Some of the serious results from overeating include weight gain and obesity (肥胖), heart disease, and depression.
1. How do we feel when we are having a balanced diet?| A．Calm. | B．Pleased. | C．Surprised. | D．Puzzled. |
| A．Unsupportive. | B．Unclear. | C．Mixed. | D．Positive |
| A．Difficultness in dieting. | B．Ways of fighting obesity. |
| C．Benefits of going on a diet. | D．Risks of dieting too much. |
| A．How Do You Keep a Balanced Diet? | B．Why Are Americans Always on a Diet? |
| C．Are You Affected by Unhealthy Food? | D．Is Your Relationship with Food Unhealthy? |
6 . Here are some tips for you to stay healthy within your budget.
Don’t sleep on a full stomach
Eat green and nutty
When measured on a cost per serving, per weight, or per nutrition basis, fruits and vegetables beat out meat and junk food.
Exercise throughout the week
Exercise is one of the healthiest investments of your time and should happen at least 3~5 times a week, spaced out no more than two days apart.
Create your support network
Humans are not like trees and can grow all by ourselves.
Make time for what you like to do. As your body relaxes and is happy, all the organs and systems work at their best.
| A．Try to buy in season |
| B．Do what you enjoy doing |
| C．Do meaningful things with friends |
| D．As an old saying goes, “Time is health” |
| E．Add nuts to your diet at least twice a week |
| F．Even if you are very busy, make sure you exercise throughout the week |
| G．We are social beings and need the interaction that the community provides |
7 . Maybe you plan to ring in 2023 with a new resolve to lose weight, exercise more, not sweat the small stuff. And maybe these resolutions sound familiar — maybe just like the ones you made a year ago! So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks?
Dream big. Want to compete in a marathon or triathlon? Lose 50 pounds or just enough to fit into clothes you once loved? With perseverance (毅力), encouragement, and support, you can do it.
Give thanks for what you do. Set your sights on finishing that marathon,not on running it. If you compete to complete, you’ll be a winner even if you wind up walking as much as you run. With exercise — and so many other goals we set — you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.
| A．Learn from the failures. |
| B．Avoid repeating past failures. |
| C．Any activity is always better than none. |
| D．An ambitious aim often inspires others to help you. |
| E．Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change. |
| F．Having a solid system can help you stay motivated and accountable. |
| G．If so, change into a less ambitious challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps. |
8 . Probably you grew up with a stop-snacking mom. That is a mom who tells her kids that snacks (零食) are bad. They will make you fat. They will hurt your teeth.
Well, Mom may be right about most things, but she isn’t right about all snacks. There is actually a healthy way to snack.
The first rule about snacking is to make your own. Don’t buy snacks that are already wrapped and sold in stores.
The second rule about snacking is to eat things that take longer for your body to process. Things like bread and crackers (饼干) are processed quickly by your body.
With one or two snack breaks during your day, you will probably find that you eat less at lunch and dinner.
| A．The third rule about snacking is to remember water |
| B．Have some cheese or yogurt to go along with some bread |
| C．The most important rule is avoid snacks when hungry |
| D．In fact, snacking the right way can keep you healthier |
| E．Try fresh or dried fruit which makes ideal snacks |
| F．Most of those snacks have too much sugar and salt in them |
| G．Smaller meals will help you cut down the amount of food you eat during your day |
9 . Chen Wei, a high school student, was having dinner when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, was choking on something. He was holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. Chen wasted no time. He rushed to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again.
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse (崩溃) and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can lean how.
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
With choking victims, every minute counts. You can’t just sit there and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans, and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare”.
1. What is the Heimlich manoeuvre?| A．An American doctor. | B．A choking victim. |
| C．An emergency situation. | D．A first aid method. |
| A．Millions of people die of it every year. |
| B．Most of the victims are young children. |
| C．It is minutes before a victim falls down or dies. |
| D．There are no effective ways to save victims from it. |
| A．To make a fist with one hand. |
| B．To hold the victim’s throat with one hand. |
| C．To grab your fist with the other hand tightly. |
| D．To stand behind the victim who is really choking. |
| A．Ambitious. | B．Cooperative. |
| C．Responsible. | D．Optimistic. |
10 . It might seem like something from a science fiction movie, but scientists today are working on ways to combine certain kinds of bacteria with tiny robots. Scientists want to use these creations to improve the way we give medical treatment. They claim that drug therapy (疗法), disease diagnosis, and even surgery could be greatly aided by the use of nanobiotechnology. Nano-means “tiny”, and bio-means “life”. This tiny technology will use living organisms in combination with electronics.
Electronics makers already use tiny robots to build complex but very tiny circuits. Medical scientists want to use these robots to repair patients’ damaged organs or to direct medicines to affect specific cells. For example, tiny robots could be engineered to deliver chemotherapy (化疗) directly to cancer instead of to the entire body.
Existing electronics are the right size, but they lack practical use. Robots that can be built small enough to enter a person’s cells would be too tiny to move on their own. Therefore, scientists want to use tiny organisms such as bacteria to act as vehicles for the robots. The bacteria will be “driven” through the bloodstream by magnetic pulses (磁脉冲). Once the bacteria are in the correct locations, the robots will be able to do their jobs. In theory, these robots will cause less damage to the body than traditional methods of delivering medicines or performing surgeries.
Nanobiotechnology has yet to be put into practice, but many people already have concerns about its use. Some people worry about the ethic (道德标准) involved with controlling live organisms—and the possible side effects for their human hosts.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．The application of tiny robots. | B．The influence of tiny robots. |
| C．The operation of tiny robots. | D．The origin of tiny robots. |
| A．Cheaper medicine. | B．Less harm to the body. |
| C．Longer life expectancy. | D．Faster performance of surgeries. |
| A．can locate he bacteria. | B．are driven by medicine. |
| C．can act as vehicles. | D．are carried by bacteria. |
| A．A computer textbok | B．A life magazine |
| C．A science magazine | D．A biology textbook |
