1 . If you were to lift up the keys of your keyboard, and take a look below, you’d probably be met with a terrible scene. “We clean our homes but most of us never think to clean our keyboards,” Rebecca Park, an advanced practice nurse, says.

“Our keyboards can actually hold high levels of bacteria (细菌),” Park says. “The most common bacteria that are found on our keyboards tend to live on our skin, mouth, and nose. These are then carried to our keyboards, usually by our hands.”

And according to one study, this is more likely when many people use the same keyboard, and each brings their own bacteria to the table. That said, touching bacteria-covered surfaces all day long, and then touching your face, can impact your skin. “Dirty electronic devices are a common cause of more acne (粉刺) breakouts,” Dr Yoram Harth explains.

In another study, researchers collected samples (样本) from 300 keyboards and found that all of them had bacteria. “The authors concluded that the presence of infective (感染性的) bacteria on these objects indicates that they might be a cause for the spread of skin infections,” Harth says. “Similar overloads of bacteria were also found on smartphone touch screens and computer mice and headphones.”

It’s not something you necessarily have to think too much about, but it never hurts to be aware of surfaces with bacteria, and take a few extra prevention steps. “A good way to prevent the spread of infection from your keyboards is to wash your hands before and after using the computer,” Park says. “Soapy water is effective enough to kill most bacteria.”

Do this, and you won’t carry as much bacteria to your keyboard, and then back to your face, and so is the opposite. It can also ensure you won’t be clogging your keys with bits from food, especially if you get right back to typing after eating lunch.

1. What do the two studies find?

A．Most people never clean their keyboards.

B．Most of the bacteria on the keyboards are harmless.

C．Most acne breakouts are related to the keyboard use.

D．Most electronic devices have bacteria on their surfaces.

2. Which way is suggested in the text to avoid the spread of bacteria?

A．Clean the keyboard with soapy water.

B．Wash hands after using the computer.

C．Wear gloves when using the computer.

D．Avoid eating before using the computer.

3. What does the underlined word “clogging” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Blocking.

B．Improving.

C．Destroying.

D．Replacing.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Useful Tips on Choosing a Proper Keyboard

B．Practical Ways to Protect Yourself from Bacteria

C．What You Should Keep in Mind About Infection

D．What Happens When You Don’t Clean Your Keyboard

2 . Like many children, Heather studied hard, did her homework and played sports after school. During her elementary school years, she was thin, but things changed as she grew up.

“My bad eating habits began during my kid years,” says Healther Daivs. “In middle school, I played sports, but with a diet of hamburgers and soda for lunch…big family dinners…I became overweight.” During her senior year in high school, Heather Davis, who is 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighed 200 pounds. “We had a meat-and-potatoes family. We had dessert every night and I was a member of the ‘clean your plate club’. I tried my best to stop gaining weight, but it seemed impossible.” remembers Healther Daivs. “It caught up with me.” By the time she was 21 and attended college, Heather Davis’ weight had increased to 250 pounds. Heather Davis says it was caused by emotional eating, a junk-food diet and lack of exercise.

The realization that failed diet led to the physical(身体的)cost of obesity(肥胖)made her decide to lose weight by taking exercise. She did gym exercise for two weeks and began changing her diet by cutting out potato chips, ice cream and pizza. Within the first two weeks, she had lost 18 pounds. Heather Davis remained determined, and over the next 12 months, with the support of her family and regular training with a gym trainer, she lost 110 pounds.

“My days of treating my body badly are over,” say Heather Davis. “I focus on things I enjoy such as language classes and beach vacations.” She says even though she’s lost 110 pounds, she’s still the same person-outgoing, and more importantly-happy. She’s also become a good example for those who also want to lose weight. “If I can do it, anybody can do it,” says Heather Davis.

1. When did Heather Davis become over weight?

A．During her elementary school days.	B．When she was 22 years old.
C．When she was a teenager.	D．During her college years.

2. During Heather Davis’ college life, all the following led to her obesity EXCEPT that_____________.

A．she used to have a junk-food diet.	B．she ate more when she was stressed.
C．she lived in a meat-and-potatoes family.	D．she seldom took part in sports.

3. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A．Dropping 110 pounds changed a woman’s life.

B．How to lose weight.

C．Stay away from unhealthy diets.

D．Heather Davis-an outgoing woman.

4. What is Davis like?

A．Forgetful

B．Determined

C．Talkative

D．Lazy

3 . It may be time to change your relationship with food. We must have a healthy relationship with food. When we eat because we’re hungry, we’re properly doing good to our bodies. We commonly hear the term “balance” when it comes to our eating habits, and for a good reason, it is one of the most important parts of eating.

When we’re balancing what we eat, it is a big sign that we are eating for pleasure and hunger relief (缓解). These two types of eating are important for good health. The food we eat should help power our bodies, but it is also important that we have positive (积极的) feelings and experiences with food. If you’re wondering if you have an unhealthy relationship with food, there are several things you should pay attention to.

Americans spend more than $40 billion a year on dieting and det-related products. Thus equals the amount the U.S. Federal Government spends on education each year. The society us addicted to (沉迷于) dieting. Numerous studies link constant dieting to a number of conditions, including low self-esteem, feelings of sadness, and increased stress.

These unhealthy behaviors can lead to eating disorders. Those who continually diet generally lose weight, regain it, and then diet. The process of yo-yo dieting isn’t healthy. What’s worse is that constant dieting, especially with severe calorie restriction (限制), can make it hander to lose weight over time. The very thing you think you’re doing right will cause you more harm in the long run.

There are some pretty serious dangers resulting from overeating, which is commonly characterized by eating in secret, eating food when you’re already full, and feeling a loss of control over what and how much you eat. Some of the serious results from overeating include weight gain and obesity (肥胖), heart disease, and depression.

1. How do we feel when we are having a balanced diet?

A．Calm.

B．Pleased.

C．Surprised.

D．Puzzled.

2. What is the author’s attitude towards Americans’ dieting?

A．Unsupportive.

B．Unclear.

C．Mixed.

D．Positive

3. What do we know from the last paragraph?

A．Difficultness in dieting.	B．Ways of fighting obesity.
C．Benefits of going on a diet.	D．Risks of dieting too much.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．How Do You Keep a Balanced Diet?	B．Why Are Americans Always on a Diet?
C．Are You Affected by Unhealthy Food?	D．Is Your Relationship with Food Unhealthy?

4 . Here are some tips for you to stay healthy within your budget.

Don’t sleep on a full stomach

    1     . Well, give enough time to your body to clean, process, and restore tissue for another day of work. If you sleep on an empty stomach, you will make the best of this rest. Therefore, eat your last meal at least 3 hours before you go to bed.

Eat green and nutty

When measured on a cost per serving, per weight, or per nutrition basis, fruits and vegetables beat out meat and junk food.     2     , as they will be the most appropriate for the climate, richer in nutrients, and at the best price. In addition, replace vegetable oils with nut oils for cooking. Research shows that 2 tablespoons of oil made from nuts per day can reduce the risk of heart disease.

Exercise throughout the week

Exercise is one of the healthiest investments of your time and should happen at least 3~5 times a week, spaced out no more than two days apart.     3     .

Create your support network

Humans are not like trees and can grow all by ourselves.     4     . Make an effort to meet and talk to people that are sincere and trying to be better every day, those that inspire you and make you want to be a better human being.

    5    

Make time for what you like to do. As your body relaxes and is happy, all the organs and systems work at their best.

A．Try to buy in season

B．Do what you enjoy doing

C．Do meaningful things with friends

D．As an old saying goes, “Time is health”

E．Add nuts to your diet at least twice a week

F．Even if you are very busy, make sure you exercise throughout the week

G．We are social beings and need the interaction that the community provides

5 . Maybe you plan to ring in 2023 with a new resolve to lose weight, exercise more, not sweat the small stuff. And maybe these resolutions sound familiar — maybe just like the ones you made a year ago! So how can you ensure that your determination to get healthier in 2023 sticks?    1    

Dream big. Want to compete in a marathon or triathlon? Lose 50 pounds or just enough to fit into clothes you once loved? With perseverance (毅力), encouragement, and support, you can do it.     2    Many will cheer you on. Some will be happy to help in practical ways, such as by training with you or taking on tasks you normally handle in order to free up your time.

    3    Any time you fail to make a change, consider it a step toward your goal. Why? Because each sincere attempt represents a lesson learned. When you hit a snag (碰钉子), take a moment to think about what did and didn’t work. Maybe you took on too big a challenge?     4    

Give thanks for what you do. Set your sights on finishing that marathon,not on running it. If you compete to complete, you’ll be a winner even if you wind up walking as much as you run. With exercise — and so many other goals we set — you’ll benefit even when doing less than you’d like to do.     5    If your goal for Tuesday is a 30-minute workout at the gym, but you only squeeze (挤出) in 10 minutes, feel grateful for that. It’s enough. Maybe tomorrow will be better.

A．Learn from the failures.

B．Avoid repeating past failures.

C．Any activity is always better than none.

D．An ambitious aim often inspires others to help you.

E．Try the following tips to help you create long-lasting change.

F．Having a solid system can help you stay motivated and accountable.

G．If so, change into a less ambitious challenge, or break the big one into tinier steps.

6 . Probably you grew up with a stop-snacking mom. That is a mom who tells her kids that snacks (零食) are bad. They will make you fat. They will hurt your teeth.

Well, Mom may be right about most things, but she isn’t right about all snacks. There is actually a healthy way to snack.     1    ! The right snacks can keep you from eating too much at dinner and keep you from getting fat.

The first rule about snacking is to make your own. Don’t buy snacks that are already wrapped and sold in stores.     2    .

The second rule about snacking is to eat things that take longer for your body to process. Things like bread and crackers (饼干) are processed quickly by your body.     3    , and you’ve got a winning snack.

    4    . Especially when you are working, it is easy to mistake being tired for being hungry. And you might not really be hungry at all. Your body might just be trying to tell you to drink some water. Have a bottle of water before you pull out another snack. That might be all you really need.

With one or two snack breaks during your day, you will probably find that you eat less at lunch and dinner.     5    . And eating less is a great way to start losing weight. Sorry about that, Mom.

A．The third rule about snacking is to remember water

B．Have some cheese or yogurt to go along with some bread

C．The most important rule is avoid snacks when hungry

D．In fact, snacking the right way can keep you healthier

E．Try fresh or dried fruit which makes ideal snacks

F．Most of those snacks have too much sugar and salt in them

G．Smaller meals will help you cut down the amount of food you eat during your day

7 . 健康是人生的财富，而健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们尤其重要。请以“How to keep healthy”为题写一篇短文，短文应该包括以下信息提示:
1. 健康饮食；
2. 不熬夜；
3. 锻炼身体；
4. 保持愉快的心情。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁。

8 . The “freshman fifteen”

You may not have heard the words “freshman fifteen” before, but they are very important for students who are entering university.    1    “Fifteen” refers to fifteen pounds — the fifteen pounds added to a student’s weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first year university students put on weight, but it’s encouraging to know that freshmen don’t have to add these harmful fifteen pounds.

Mistakes choosing food

    2    Some students choose unhealthy food, because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get unhealthy fast food such as French fries and chicken nuggets with soda to drink.

Eating right

    3    Here are some ideas:

•Think more about what you eat.

•Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats.

•Don’t eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner.

•    4    

•It’s all right to have a little fast food — but not often.

Remember that the “freshman fifteen” can happen to anyone.    5    Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat junk food. Walking, running; and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year.

A．Talk to your friends about it.

B．Take a long trip and you will feel better!

C．A freshman is a first year college student.

D．University kitchens serve many kinds of food.

E．Try not to eat so much junk food when you study

F．If you are careful, you don’t have to add fifteen pounds.

G．Students also find that they have less time to do exercise.