2 . One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect — snapping shrimp (鼓虾). They create a widespread background noise in the underwater environment, which helps them communicate, protect their homes and hunt for food. When enough shrimp snap (发出噼啪声) at once, the noise can be deafening.

Aran Mooney, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, suggested that with increased ocean temperatures, snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. “They make a sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble (泡泡) and when that bubble bursts, it makes that snapping sound,” said Mooney.

Mooney discovered a strong relationship between warmer waters and more frequent snapping shrimp sounds after experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. “As the temperature rises, the snap rate increases,” he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals, meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. “We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase, but the sound levels increase as well.”

How the louder snapping shrimp would affect or benefit the surroundings remained to be seen. “We know that fish use sound to communicate,” Mooney said. “If the environment gets noisy, it has the possibility to influence that communication. That’s something we have to follow up on.” There is also the possibility that the change of snapping shrimp affects machines humans use to discover mines, which could lead to unpleasant results.

1. What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound?

A．It aims to protect the shrimp.	B．It is important to the ecosystem.
C．It has different uses for the shrimp.	D．It is hard to be discovered by other creatures.

2. How does Mooney do the experiment?

A．By observing snapping shrimp in the field.	B．By recording the snap rates in the lab.
C．By analyzing the way shrimp make noise.	D．By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places.

3. What might Mooney research next?

A．Other uses of shrimp’s sound.	B．Influences of the noise on other creatures.
C．Means of communication among fish.	D．Methods of stopping shrimp’s snapping.

4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A．Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet	B．Small Animals Make a Big Difference
C．Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder	D．Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much

7 . 根据课文内容填空

We have known about climate change for d    1    . There is little d    2     that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with m    3     ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.

In 2013, a lot of people were s    4     by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. A    5     to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the    6    of its dead body, the bear appeared to have s    7     and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels c    8     by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case s    9     how the increase in temperature had an i    10     on Earth’s ecology.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans     1    (occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than     2     from 1960-85. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air,     3     is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.

Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which     4    (lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also causes seawater     5     (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by the end of the century,     6    (threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming marine (海洋的) life, with     7     number of ocean heatwaves increasing     8    (sharp).

The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the     9    (deep).

“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,    10     a record drop in global carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.

9 . Ice from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 meters) on its own, according to a recent study.

Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing snow, said study co-author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.

“It’s dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet regardless of what climate scenario we take now.” Colgan said in an interview. Jason Box, another glaciologist at the Greenland survey, also said it is “more like one foot in the grave”.

What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. Normally, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glacicrs, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades, there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance. Based on the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost, the study authors calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt, contributing to at least ten inches in sea level rise, a global average.

This is the first time scientists calculated a minimum ice loss - and accompanying sea level rise - for Greenland, one of Earth’s two massive ice sheets that are slowly shrinking because of climate change from burning coal, oil and natural gas.

As for the timing of the committed melting, Colgan responded that the team doesn’t know how long it will take the doomed ice to melt, but making an educated guess, it would probably be by the end of this century or at least by 2150.

1. What does the underlined word “replenishing” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Added.

B．Left.

C．Exchanged.

D．Decreased.

2. What is implied in Jason Box’s words ?

A．Scientists step onto the great ice sheet.

B．There is more than one foot in the tomb.

C．The melting of the doomed ice IS unavoidable.

D．The Zombie ice in Greenland looks like one foot.

3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the loss of the two ice sheets in Greenland?

A．Indifferent.

B．Objective.

C．Critical

D．Optimistic.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Zombie ice in Greenland will melt in the near future.

B．Scientists did a research on the massive Greenland ice sheet.

C．The greenhouse effect accounts for the disappearance of the ice sheet.

D．Doomed ice in Greenland will lead to sea level rise by at least 27 centimeters.

10 . The earth is warming. The past years are the warmest on record. Greenhouse gases from human activities are responsible for 1.1°C of average warming since 1900. What we’re experiencing is different from the global average. We experience extreme weather — historic droughts, serious heatwaves, violent storms and catastrophic (灾难性的) floods.

We won’t feel the impact of our efforts for decades. But we must know our future today so we can act now. To develop the best strategies for adaptation, we need climate models to predict the climate in different regions over decades. Unlike predicting the weather, climate models are multi-decade simulations (模拟) modeling the physics chemistry and biology of the atmosphere, waters, ice, land and human activities.

Greater resolution is needed to model changes in the global climate. Scientists estimate that these resolutions will demand billions of times more computing power than what’s currently available. It would take decades to achieve that through the ordinary course of computing advances.

For the first time, we have the technology to do that. We can achieve million-x speedups by combining three technologies: GPU-accelerated computing; breakthroughs in physics-informed neural (神经的) networks and AI supercomputers, along with vast quantities of data to learn from.

With these techniques, we may have within our grasp the billion-x leap needed to do ultra-high-resolution (超高分辨率) climate modeling. And with more accurate predictions people and nations will act with more urgency.

NVIDIA this week announced plans to build the world’s most powerful AI supercomputer used to predict climate change Named Earth-2, the system would create a digital twin of the Earth. The system would be the climate change to Cambridge-1 the world’s most powerful AI supercomputer for healthcare research.

1. What is one of the results mentioned in the text of global warming?

A．Water shortage.	B．Loss of coastal cities.
C．Rise of sea level.	D．More extreme weather.

2. Why is it difficult to model global climate?

A．It will cost billions of money.	B．The climate changes frequently.
C．Technology now can’t meet the needs.	D．The model of the earth is too difficult to build.

3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．What advance AI has made recently.

B．What makes it hard to model the global climate.

C．What makes modelling the global climate possible.

D．What scientists’ plan to model the global climate is.

4. What is the text?

A．A travel guide.	B．A news report.
C．A short story.	D．A science fiction.