1 . London Underground

The world's first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time, the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through. The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day. If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work, they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease（减轻）the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground, the first subway system, was born.

The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays, but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6 kilometers（3.7 miles）long. About 30,000 people got on the subway the first day. Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed), and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars. However, the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot（煤灰）, as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems, riding in the Underground did catch on. It carried 9 million riders in its first year.

1. What led the British government to build the London Underground?

A．Traffic jams and pollution.	B．Population and pollution.
C．Overcrowding and traffic jams.	D．The poverty and subway problems.

2. How did the London Underground solve the smoke problem?

A．It made the tunnels larger.	B．It put fans in the tunnels.
C．It cleaned the chemical gases in the tunnels.	D．It reduced the number of passengers riding in the train.

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．To relocate the workers' homes outside London, the government built the subway.

B．There were so many problems and delays that in 18th century the first subway opened.

C．The subway greatly eased the pressure of traffic.

D．There were not enough seats for the passengers the first day the subway opened.

2 . A bicycle may be seen by most people as just another vehicle (交通工具), but for many Londoners, cycling is a way of life. According to an official UK government survey in 2017, about 570,000 bike journeys are made every day in London. In fact, almost half of the vehicles that pass over London Bridge each day are bikes.

London introduced a public bike-sharing system in 2010. “There can be no doubt that our trusty bicycles have changed the way people get around our great city,” Johnson told the Guardian in 2015.

In London, bikes are used for more than just taking short trips to and from the subway. No matter where you want to go in the city, taking a bike is usually the quickest and easiest choice.

And it’s not just shared bikes that the government is encouraging people to ride. In many companies across the UK, the UK government’s Cycle to Work scheme (骑行倡议) allows employees to buy a brand new bike without having to pay any tax (税). This means that it’s common to see many people cycling to and from work, and some employers even provide workplace showers and lockers (储物柜) for their workers. More importantly, a cycle-friendly boss may let you off for being late if you rode a bike to work. Not only is it great for the environment and our body, cycling is also good for the mind. According to National Geographic Magazine, “Bike riding can improve people’s happiness.”

1. How does the author show the popularity of cycling in London?

A．By making comparisons (做比较).	B．By using numbers.
C．By giving examples。	D．By using famous sayings.

2. What’s Johnson’s attitude toward the bike-sharing system in London?

A．Supportive.	B．Doubtful.
C．Disappointed.	D．Uninterested.

3. What can employees get from the government under the “Cycle to Work” scheme?

A．Free bike-sharing services.	B．A tax-free bike.
C．Shorter working hours.	D．Workplace showers and lockers.

4. What’s does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?

A．不惩罚

B．解雇

C．请假

D．释放

3 . As the coronavirus (冠状病毒) outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation. They are also looking for ways to get exercise without going to a gym. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic (疫情) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.

In the US, bicycles at big stores have sold out. And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles: the low-cost, easy-to-ride models. “The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s,” said Jay Townley, an industry expert. He compared the sale of bicycles to the rush to buy products like toilet paper at the start of the pandemic.

The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the US. Italy has created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation. In London, city officials plan to ban cars from some central roads. Bike shop owners in Manila say demand is even stronger than what they see at Christmas time.

Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one. In the US, the shortages now mean it may take many months to get a bicycle. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage. Many bicycle factories were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19. The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. In April, the sale of bicycles increased 200 percent in the US.

Joe Minutolo is the co-owner of Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop in Maine. He said he hoped the increased sales meant a change in the way people think about transportation. “People are having a chance to rethink things,” he said, “Maybe we’ll all learn something out of this, and something really good will happen.”

1. What causes the increase in bicycle sales?

A．Shortage of public transportation.

B．Outbreak of the coronavirus.

C．People’s desire to defeat disease.

D．People’s fear of natural disasters.

2. What change has the pandemic caused in Italy?

A．More bikes are sold than at Christmas time.

B．“Family-style” bicycles are in great need.

C．Cars are banned from some central roads.

D．New bicycle paths have been built.

3. What can we know from Paragraph 4?

A．It’s impossible to buy a bike.

B．Bike factories were closed in April.

C．High demand for bikes began in March.

D．It takes many months to produce a bike.

4. What is Joe Minutolo’s attitude towards the increased sales of bicycles?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Uncertain.

D．Critical.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

New cars sold in Europe after May 2022 will be required to have     1     variety of new safety technologies. New safety rules from the European Union will require new cars to have ''intelligent speed assistance" systems as standard equipment. Besides, all cars will be fitted with breathalyzers （呼吸分析器）    2     won't allow driving if the driver has drunk too much alcohol.     3    （help） avoid accidents, cars must also have     4    （advance） systems to monitor the driver's attention levels.

Around 25,000 people     5    （kill） each year on Europe's roads, and most accidents are caused by human error. The European Commission has announced the new rules recently,     6    （say）intelligent speed limiters alone can     7    （effective） reduce road deaths.

There has been a mixed reaction to the new safety technologies. The European Union said the technologies would make driving much     8    （safe）. It said, “With the new technologies, we can have the same kind of impact （影响）as when safety belts were first introduced. "It added the new safety technologies could save up to 10,500 lives and avoid up to 60, 000 serious     9    （injury） by the year 2030. But many drivers are unhappy with the technologies. They thought     10     would be more dangerous to employ them, since driving requires human judgment.

5 . Petrol and diesel (柴油）cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.

One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range anxiety’ — drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.

Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags（标签） drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade critics. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion（燃料） engine models a run for their money.

As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.

Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.

1. Which is the best title for this passage?

A．My Dream Car	B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol Cars	D．Driving into the Future

2. As used in Paragraph 2, the underlined word “hurdle” means _______.

A．aim	B．barrier
C．consequence	D．step

3. In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?

A．They were expensive.

B．They were very poorly made.

C．They were not widely promoted.

D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.

4. What is the function of Paragraph 4?

A．To introduce the history of electric travel.

B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.

C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.

D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空自处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When I was in Australia, I accompanied a friend on his driving test. I was     1     (amaze) to learn that in Australia, people hardly go to driving schools. Instead, many people practice on the road with a licensed driver sitting next     2     them. But this doesn’t mean that getting a driving license is a piece of cake. This was the third time that my friend     3     (apply) to take the driving test.

The first time, after confidently driving over an intersection (十字路口), the     4     (examine) asked him to pull over and said that he should have stopped     5     car and looked right first and then left to make sure there was no other car approaching.

The second time, a car rushing in front caught him by surprise and he hit the brakes too hard. The examiner got     6     (anger) and asked him to get out. In Australia, the test is not about driving skills,     7     about following every rules.

After finally passing the test, my friend drove very     8     (careful) because in the first year of having a driving license, running two red lights results in the license being suspended (暂停使用). But one day he     9     (pull) over by a policeman who warned him that he was driving too slow and blocking the traffic. Actually, he was driving at a speed of 40 km/h,     10     is a totally acceptable speed in China.

7 . Urban Transportation in Canada

Public transportation & Transit passes

All cities and most major towns in Canada have a public transportation system with one or more modes of transportation (bus, subway, train, etc.). The bus is the most common form of urban transportation in Canada. To use public transportation, you must purchase a ticket or a transit pass. Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period (one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often.

Transportation for people with disabilities

Public transportation often has features to assist people with disabilities. In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses. You can find out about these services in the same way you would learn more about other public transportation options.

Etiquette on public transportation

When taking public transportation such as a bus or train, it is important to understand the unspoken rules of conduct in the shared space. Here are a few things to note:

◆ Be polite and respectful to others around you. For example, maintain an appropriate noise level when talking or making a phone call.

◆ If you are carrying a backpack or a large shoulder bag in a crowded public transit vehicle, keep it close to you, preferably at your feet to avoid hitting people with it as you walk by.

◆ Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space.

◆ Have your proof of payment accessible in case you are asked to show it.

1. What is the advantages of using transit passes over buying tickets?

A．Lower costs.	B．Safer trips.
C．Longer service hours.	D．More use of transport.

2. How does the transportation system help people with disabilities?

A．By offering fewer transportation options.

B．By running special transport services.

C．By limiting their mobility on city buses.

D．By providing free rides in towns and cities.

3. What is considered impolite on public transportation?

A．Lowering your speaking voice.	B．Placing backpacks at your feet.
C．Having your proof of payment at hand.	D．Staying close to other passengers.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the weather like now?

A．Foggy.

B．Sunny.

C．Windy.

2. Where are the speakers?

A．At a hotel.

B．At an airport.

C．At a taxi station.

9 . How does the man go to work today?

A．By bus.

B．By taxi.

C．On foot.

10 . Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.

When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; “high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.” Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.

Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.

The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.

1. We learn from the text that before 1805          .

A．The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow

B．there were no people living in the western part of America

C．no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains

D．the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States

2. We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass            .

A．has changed a lot since 1805

B．is the meeting point of three cultures

C．remains much the same as it was 200 years ago

D．now attracts a large number of tourists to visit

3. Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably            .

A．two native Indians

B．explorers of the early 19th century

C．merchants who did business with the Indians

D．travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass

4. We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author            .

A．was attempting the impossible

B．was trying to set a world record

C．was following the trail of Lewis and Clark

D．was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks