“Add Oil” is the literal English translation of the Chinese phrase “Jiāyóu” (Cantonese “Ga Yau”), which is used to express encouragement, excitement, or support     1     others. It's used in sporting events     2     (encourage) a friend, and in many other conversations!

“Add Oil” has now been added to the Oxford English Dictionary. The     3     (describe) of this entry in the Oxford English Dictionary is “chiefly Hong Kong English”, and notes its earliest appearance in a book     4     (publish) back in 1964.

Some people believe that the phrase     5     (invent) at the Macau Grand Prix (澳门汽车大奖赛) during the 1960s, where the crowd would shout at the pit teams (加油团队) to “Add Oil!” to the racing cars. The meaning of the Chinese characters is to add (jiā) oil (yóu), which means     6    (add) oil/fuel to an engine to fire it up.

In places such as Hong Kong, where a mixture (混合) of Chinese and English is     7     (common) used among friends, the English phrase often replaces the Chinese characters, and this is the reason     8     the phrase has been added to the dictionary.

    9    latest addition to Oxford English Dictionary is by no means a stand-alone. So far, other Chinese phrases that     10     (enter) daily English include “long time no see” and “no can do”.

“Add Oil” is the literal English translation of the Chinese phrase “Jiāyóu” (Cantonese “Ga Yau”), which is used to express encouragement,     1     (excite), or support to others. It’s used in sporting events     2     (encourage) a friend, and in many other conversations!

“Add Oil” has now been added to the Oxford English Dictionary. The     3     (describe) of this entry in the Oxford English Dictionary is “chiefly Hong Kong English”, and notes its earliest appearance in a book     4     (publish) back in 1964.

Some people believe that the phrase     5     (invent) at the Macau Grand Prix (澳门汽车大奖赛) during the 1960s, where the crowd would shout at the pit teams (加油团队) to “Add Oil!” to the racing cars. The meaning of the Chinese characters is to add (jiā) oil (yóu), which means     6     (add) oil/fuel to an engine to fire it up.

In places such as Hong Kong, where a mixture (混合) of Chinese and English is     7     (common) used among friends, the English phrase often replaces the Chinese characters, and this is the reason     8     the phrase has been added to the dictionary.

The latest addition     9     Oxford English Dictionary is by no means a stand-alone. So far, other Chinese phrases that     10     (enter) daily English include “long time no see” and “no can do”.

At present, more and more people around the world are learning Chinese. Last month, I     1    (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic     2     Chinese, and asked me to find him some books which were intended for Chinese     3    (begin). I was very pleased to do such a favor. So I went from one bookstore to another,     4    (hope) to find something     5    (suit) for him. Finally, I selected a set of Chinese     6    (textbook) among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them     7    (send) by air without delay. Several days later, I got Jack’s email saying that he     8    (real) appreciated the books he had received. I’m very glad to know the fact     9     Jack is starting to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, although I know it may be     10     enjoyable challenge for him.

There was a time     1    I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason     2    my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club,     3    I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide teacher     4    name was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from     5    I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities     6    we did. My father and the guide     7     encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into     8    I put my entire energy. Before I go to sleep, I recall my passage, through     9    I can memorize a large number of new words.     10    our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later. ”

“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Lying is even considered     1     developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, with sophisticated planning and attention     2     (require). But, for most people, lying gets increasingly limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.

According to Ariely, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gains while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine. Some people told the truth instantly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal (颅腔壁的) control network, which is involved in complex thinking. It suggested that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty, and after thinking about it,     3     (choose) the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural (神经的) reward centers were     4     (active) when they won money were less likely to be among the group of liars, and the opposite was seen among those so-called habitual liars, suggesting that lying     5     have to do with the inability to resist temptation.

External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we think others are watching. “We     6     a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability of     7     happening again, influencing all of us,” Ariely said.

In a 2016 study, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people told a lie, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala, a crucial part of the brain that produces fear and guilt. But when scientists had their subjects     8     (play) a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. “Not only that,” said Ariely in an interview with National Science Channel, “     9     people tended to lie more when they faced no consequences for dishonesty. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies,     10     get bigger over time.”