1 . Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world?
The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer’s herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific”? Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”
1. Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1?A.To add some fun. | B.To express doubts. |
C.To introduce the topic. | D.To provide background. |
A.It can be timeless. | B.It can be improved. |
C.It is of little value. | D.It is the best at any moment. |
A.Dismissive. | B.Objective. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Sympathetic. |
A.It is unwise to believe in science. |
B.Too much uncertainty lies in science. |
C.The foundation of science is unfounded. |
D.The lack of certainty makes science credible. |
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . It’s no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but scientists in Denmark now claim to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying.
What non-alcoholic beer lacks is the flavor from hops (啤酒花). When you remove the alcohol from the beer, for example by heating it up, you also kill the flavor that comes from hops. Other methods for making alcohol-free beer also lead to poor flavor because alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer.
“After years of research, we have found a way to produce monoterpenoids (单萜), which provide the flavor, and then add them to the beer at the end of the process of making beer to give back its lost flavor. No one has been able to do this before, so it’s a game changer for non-alcoholic beer,” the Danish professor added.
This method of artificially recreating the flavor of hops using monoterpenoids is currently being tested in factories producing across Denmark, and the plan is to have a plan ready for the country’s entire beer industry by the end of October.
Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid pace, the new thing announced by Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer industry and our environment. Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no less than 2.7 tons of water.
“With our method, we skip hops and the water and the transportation. This means that one kilogram of hops can be produced with more than 10,000 times less water and more than 100 times less CO2,” Kampranis said. “When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put them into the beer, giving back the taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.” he added.
1. What plays a key role in making beer?A.Hops. | B.Water. | C.CO2. | D.Patience. |
A.It is the best beer in the market. | B.It has been produced in many countries. |
C.It has the same taste with the traditional beer. | D.It is very popular with the young in Denmark. |
A.It is a process filled with waste. | B.It is environmentally friendly. |
C.It needs better transportation. | D.It gets an unexpected response. |
A.Sports. | B.Culture. | C.Education. | D.Technology. |
4 . On April 18—the International Day for Monuments and Sites, China Daily’s digital employee Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual cartoon figure Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave(藏经洞) to the world.
The platform was developed jointly by the Dunhuang Academy and the Chinese tech firm Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.
The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics dating from the 4th century to the 11th century unearthed. It was one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.
On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures. The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat mini program.
In the digital age, the model of “culture+technology” has been introduced to promote the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate of China’s precious cultural relics is now over 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report released by iResearch.
Institutions such as the Palace Museum have also started online digital services of their own. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to view the interior of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat mini program.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation of cultural intellectual property(知识产权) by digital means. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer(神鹿) Youyou. It was created based on the image of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals(壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.
Digital collections cater to the consumption habits of young people, who grow up in the information age. They not only protect the intellectual property of the collections but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, noted Dunhuang Art Institute.
Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to explore new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public greater cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.
1. What can visitors do on the interactive digital platform for the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave?A.Play role-playing games set in ancient times. |
B.Play video games featuring historical figures. |
C.Talk to the designer of the digital Library Cave. |
D.Design digital caves showing historical scenes. |
A.To show the latest gaming technologies. |
B.To help cultural institutions make a profit. |
C.To promote the development of Chinese culture. |
D.To encourage people to explore new forms of cultural relics. |
A.To stress the importance of digital collections. |
B.To describe its popularity among young people. |
C.To present how digital collections are developed. |
D.To introduce a successful example of digital collections. |
A.Ignore. | B.Satisfy. |
C.Challenge. | D.Change. |
5 . Scientists have discovered the world’s largest known field of sea grass. They did it using videos shot by some unusual helpers: tiger sharks.
Sea grasses are flowering plants that grow in shallow waters near coasts. Sea grass meadows (草地) help clean the ocean’s water. Importantly, they also help in the fight against the climate crisis. That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon — the harmful pollution that’s making global warming worse. Damaging these sea grass meadows can release this pollution again, so it’s important to protect them.
But though they’re very important, scientists don’t have a good idea of the size and number of the world’s sea grass meadows. From above, the meadows can be hard to spot, either because the water is too deep or not clear enough. And the ocean is so huge that it’s simply not possible to study it all by diving. So a team of scientists decided to have sharks help with the research. Tiger sharks are huge, strong, and deadly. But they also live underwater, swim fast, and spend a lot of time in sea grass meadows.
Between 2016 and 2020, a team of researchers attached cameras and other trackers to the fins (鳍) of seven tiger sharks. After catching the sharks, the scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment, then let them go again. The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to the surface. Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken. The scientists were left with hours of videos taken as the sharks traveled for miles over the sea floor. Putting all this information together, the scientists learned that the waters around the Bahamas are home to the largest sea grass meadow ever discovered.
The program shows how useful large underwater animals can be in helping to learn more about life under the sea. Oliver Shipley is a scientist at Beneath the Waves, which led the work. He says animals like tiger sharks “…are going to take us to more sea grass meadows”.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Features of sea grass meadows. |
B.Location of sea grass meadows. |
C.Significance of sea grass meadows. |
D.Definition of sea grass meadows. |
A.They are tracked by the scientists. |
B.They are implanted into sharks’ bodies. |
C.They will send real-time videos to scientists. |
D.They will be got rid of by sharks when discovered. |
A.Tiger sharks will perform more such missions. |
B.Sea grass meadows only exist around Bahamas. |
C.Meadows are hard to spot because of pollution. |
D.The program is aimed at studying diverse sea life. |
A.Sea Grass Meadows — An Unknown Field |
B.Sea Grass Meadows — Cleaner In Sea |
C.Tiger Sharks — Killers In Deep Sea |
D.Sharks — New Scientific Assistants |
6 . Going to the hospital can be difficult for anyone. Between all of the machines and being in a strange environment, it can be a (n)
Ella Casano, a 12-year-old Connecticut girl who often gets an IV (输液) for a rare disease,
“When I had my first IV, I was very nervous at the
At age seven, Casano was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease. Most children recover by themselves, but Casano is in a
The girl’s kindness
A.odd | B.awkward | C.awful | D.common |
A.wondered | B.imagined | C.studied | D.realized |
A.toys | B.games | C.pictures | D.cards |
A.puzzling | B.frightening | C.disappointing | D.annoying |
A.mention | B.sight | C.sound | D.thought |
A.luckier | B.friendlier | C.stranger | D.deeper |
A.found | B.bought | C.borrowed | D.created |
A.rare | B.similar | C.real | D.new |
A.reserving | B.requiring | C.receiving | D.repeating |
A.experience | B.program | C.treatment | D.operation |
A.activities | B.homework | C.business | D.routine |
A.benefited | B.touched | C.honored | D.changed |
A.better than | B.less than | C.rather than | D.more than |
A.got across | B.paid back | C.gone through | D.taken away |
A.discovery | B.career | C.progress | D.idea |
7 . China launched a Long March 3B carrier rocket on May 17 to transport a satellite into space for the country’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System, marking the first deployment (部署) of a Beidou satellite in three years.
The satellite has typical functions for a third-generation Beidou satellite — positioning, navigation and timing. Compared with previous Beidou satellites, it has some upgraded hardware and features a stronger signal, faster transmission speed and higher operational stability, said Chen Zhonggui, chief designer of Beidou’s third-generation satellites.
Despite being called a backup, the satellite is designed to start working as soon as it enters orbit. Its primary tasks are to expand the service areas of Beidou’s short-messaging function, enhance Beidou’s positioning accuracy as well as improve the network’s operational continuity and reliability, he noted.
“Before the end of this year, another two backup Beidou satellites are scheduled to be launched to further strengthen the reliability of the network,” said Wang Dong, deputy project manager of the third-generation Beidou network.
Beidou is currently China’s largest civilian satellite system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
Since 2000, a total of 60 Beidou satellites, including the first four experimental ones, have been lifted on 45 Long March 3 series rockets from Xichang. In June 2020, the final satellite to complete Beidou’s third-generation network was lifted by a Long March 3B rocket at the Xichangcenter. The following month, President Xi Jinping announced that the system had been completed and had begun providing full-scale global services.
Currently, there are 46 satellites in active service, including the latest one. And China plans to establish the next generation of the Beidou system by 2035. The new version will be “omnipresent (无处不在的), smarter and more integrated” and upon its completion, there will be Beidou service not only on land and sea, but also in the sky, outer space and deep within the oceans, according to the China Satellite Navigation Office.
1. Which is not the function of the latest Beidou satellite?A.To strengthen the reliability of the network. |
B.To carry other backup satellite to the system. |
C.To increase short-messaging service capacity. |
D.To promote high-precision positioning service. |
A.will be replaced by another system by 2035 |
B.is the world’s largest civilian satellite system |
C.has provided full-scale service since July 2020 |
D.has 46 satellites in active service except the latest one |
A.First deployment of Beidou satellite |
B.Establishing Beidou servicein the sky |
C.Latest launch grows network for navigation |
D.A backup satellite to be launched for network |
A.Society. | B.Innovation. | C.Military. | D.Economy. |
8 . Tired of standing in line? Wait a bit longer, and you may never have to again.
Amazon has opened 24 of its Amazon Go stores, which use cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) to see what you’ve taken off shelves and charge you as you walk out. Some companies are closely copying Amazon’s approach to using AI-powered cameras fixed in ceilings. But others are trying an entirely different way to skip the checkout: smart shopping carts. These companies have added cameras and sensors (传感器) to the carts, and are using AI to tell what you’ve put in them. Customers pay by entering a credit card, or through an online payment system. When a customer exits the store a green light on the shopping cart shows that their order is complete, and they’re charged.
The companies behind the smart carts, including Caper and Veeve, say it’s much easier to add technology to the shopping cart than to an entire store. Amazon’s Go stores rely on hundreds of cameras in the ceiling. The shelves also include sensors to tell when an item is removed. Ahmed Beshry, co-founder of Caper, believes the technology to run Go is too expensive to use in a large-format grocery store. Neither Caper nor Veeve has said how much their smart shopping carts will cost, making it difficult to compare the different formats. Shariq Siddiqui, CEO of Veeve, said, “We’re always happy when Amazon is doing something. They force retailers (零售店) to get out of their old school thinking.”
Each time a business uses AI and cameras, it raises questions about customers’ privacy and the effect on jobs. Beshry notes that the cameras in his shopping cart point down into the cart, so only a customer’s hand and part of their arm will be captured (拍摄) on camera.
1. What do we know about the smart shopping carts?A.They are able to recognize goods put in them. |
B.They are linked to the cameras fixed in the ceilings. |
C.They flash the green light when the order is canceled. |
D.They can tell customers where to find what they want. |
A.It is likely to help retailers to think differently. |
B.It has attracted many more retailers than before. |
C.It is far more expensive than their shopping carts. |
D.It may reduce the cost of running a store greatly. |
A.That they can only buy goods online. |
B.That goods in the stores may be more expensive. |
C.That they have to wait in a line for a longer time. |
D.That somebody may know their privacy. |
A.The new technology improves retail sale. |
B.AI-powered cameras are used in retail stores. |
C.Artificial intelligence affects the future of job market. |
D.Smart shopping carts will let you skip the line. |
9 . As AI art generators(生成器) take the world by storm, some people wonder if their works should count as art at all. The technology is still developing and has some wrinkles to iron out, which means there are indeed problems to consider alongside the incredible artwork a good artificial intelligence can produce.
Art is classed as the product of imagination, skill, experience, and emotion, usually meant to represent something for the public to enjoy. Artists spent time and effort putting their inner worlds onto these works. Machine intelligence also puts a lot of work into sorting through tons of data, linking someone’s prompt to datasets, and trying to represent it as best as possible. The difference is that the AI is driven by commands instead of an emotional desire to express itself.
AI painters can produce over 1,000 original works of art with every tap of the enter key on a keyboard. But a mass-produced print of the Mona Lisa is worth less than the actual Leonardo Da Vinci’s painting. Why? Scarcity — there’s only one of the original. Should anyone pay for these things? And if an artist puts AI masterpieces up for sale, what should the price be?
AI art involves a program mimicking(模仿)the work of existing artists to create a new piece according to the request of a human. But who made the artwork, the machine or its user? And can the original artists sue for copyright violation(侵权)? Such questions complicate the merging of artificial intelligence and the art industry, while fueling arguments against recognizing AI-generated art as marketable artistic products.
Once we’ve answered those questions, we can tackle the really big one: When an AI-generated painting wins an award, who gets the prize?
1. What does the underlined word “scarity” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Shortage | B.Advances |
C.Weakness | D.Significance |
A.It is the product of experience. |
B.It costs less money to produce. |
C.It combines different styles of work. |
D.It is not a mirror of humans’ emotions. |
A.To prove the popularity of classic artworks. |
B.To present the potential trouble with the value of AI art. |
C.To show the advantages of AI painters over human artists. |
D.To introduce a new way of preserving art masterpieces. |
A.AI art promotes the sale of artistic products. |
B.AI art makes copyright issues more complicated. |
C.Artists can create more works with the help of AI. |
D.There will be fierce competition in the art industry. |
10 . Mattew Shifrin has been building with Legos (乐高积木) since he was 5 with the help of his friends. When he turned 13, he got a
His mind was blown. As a
Shifrin began
He just wished Finkel had been here to see it. “I think she’d be very glad that we came this
A.time-saving | B.life-changing | C.world-shaking | D.heart-breaking |
A.instructions | B.rules | C.skills | D.requirements |
A.invented | B.remembered | C.mentioned | D.knew |
A.getting | B.practicing | C.ignoring | D.typing |
A.blind | B.deaf | C.poor | D.rich |
A.in his favour | B.in his turn | C.on his own | D.at his convenience |
A.truth | B.connection | C.balance | D.independence |
A.warn | B.allow | C.force | D.trouble |
A.experiment | B.performance | C.practice | D.experience |
A.published | B.selected | C.identified | D.canceled |
A.putting up with | B.catching up with | C.reaching out to | D.keeping away from |
A.spread out | B.blew up | C.faded away | D.paid off |
A.company | B.website | C.buildings | D.children |
A.encouragement | B.preparation | C.involvement | D.recommendation |
A.long | B.far | C.deep | D.fast |