A.The city of Athens. |
B.A book. |
C.The first modern Olympics. |
1. What did Clara do during the Civil War?
A.She joined the army. | B.She urged to stop the war. | C.She helped the wounded. |
A.She collected money to help the wounded. |
B.She considered setting up the American Red Cross. |
C.She led a group to search for missing soldiers. |
A.In 1869. | B.In 1873. | C.In 1881. |
A.Over 20 years. | B.About 12 years. | C.Over 4 years. |
1. Why did the young worker hide the skull?
A.He wanted to keep it safe. | B.He wanted to sell it later. | C.He wanted to do research on it. |
A.In 1978. | B.In 2018. | C.In 2021. |
A.The location where it was found. |
B.The dragon-like features. |
C.The name of its finder. |
A.Heilongjiang. | B.Hebei. | C.Shaanxi. |
4 . While many of us might long to just sleep through this entire winter, humans, unlike a lot of other mammals - don’t have the capacity to hibernate (冬眠). But researchers think they have found some tell-tale marks on the fossils, which suggests that early humans may have survived the harsh winter by hibernating.
Bears have specialized metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes to protect them from this extended sleep, but sometimes this process doesn’t quite go to plan. For example, hibernators can end up with a host of diseases after hibernation if they don’t get enough food reserves before they go down for the winter. The researchers believe this may have been the circumstance of some human ancestors whose remains with deep cracks in bones were discovered in a Spanish cave called Sima de los Huesos. This deep hole is home to an incredible number of fossils, with archaeologists having discovered thousands of early humans’ skeletal remains that are around 430,000 years old and probably the ancestors of the Sima people or others.
In a paper published in L’Anthropologie, two experts argue that the fossils found in Sima de los Huesos show seasonal variations that suggest that bone growth got interrupted for several months of each year. They suggest these early humans found themselves being in metabolic states that helped them to survive for long periods of time in extremely cold conditions with limited stores of body fat.
The researchers admit the idea “may sound like science fiction”, but they point out that many mammals including primates (灵长类动物) do this. “This suggests that the genetic basis and physiology for such slow metabolism could be preserved in many mammalian species including humans," state Arsuaga and Bartsiokas.
However, Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London pointed out that large mammals such as bears do not actually hibernate, because their large bodies cannot lower their core temperature enough. Instead, they enter a less deep sleep known as torpor. In such a condition, the energy demands of the human-sized brains of the Sima people would have remained very large, creating an additional survival problem for them during torpor.
1. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 2?A.To explain the special ability of bears. | B.To provide the background to the research. |
C.To show the basis of researchers’ evaluation. | D.To discuss a new cause of hibernating disease. |
A.They were badly preserved with deep cracks. |
B.Their growth discontinued temporarily for some reason. |
C.Their appearances varied from individual to individual. |
D.They showed signs of people living in comfort in the past. |
A.It’s quite possible. | B.It merely appears in science fiction. |
C.It’s an exception to human genetics. | D.It solved the mystery of humans’ evolution in Europe. |
A.They might have developed smaller brains. |
B.Their daily sleep quality might become poor. |
C.Their body temperature might increase rapidly. |
D.They might suffer from life-threatening starvation. |
The ancient Chinese built two great engineering wonders: the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. Though the Great Wall’s effect in military
The Grand Canal,
In ancient times, the Grand Canal served
Years ago, it
6 . Macaques don’t use the sharp flakes they create for anything, Luncz adds, noting that the monkeys have sharp teeth and don’t need cutting tools. The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites, however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3.3 million and 1.5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting. Cut marks on some fossils revealed that hominins had used stone tools for butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stone tools were anything but unintentional by-products of other pounding activities.
Why does the author mention the Oldowan site in paragraph 3?A.To provide specific proof. | B.To clarify a complex concept. |
C.To present an interesting fact. | D.To make a detailed comparison. |
7 . Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
1. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic. |
B.Unattractive. |
C.Inexpensive. |
D.Confidential. |
A.They would be priced higher. |
B.They would disappear from cities. |
C.They could have more readers. |
D.They could regain public trust. |
A.It was a difficult process. |
B.It was a temporary success. |
C.It was a robbery of the poor. |
D.It was a disaster for printers. |
1. Where will the people eat lunch?
A.In a restaurant. | B.In a museum. | C.In a park. |
A.In 1775. | B.In 1864. | C.In 1984. |
A.It was destroyed in a fire. |
B.It was cut down. |
C.It was destroyed in a storm. |
A.Having lunch. | B.Seeing the tree. | C.Walking around the park. |
Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born — the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce
How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don't think much about them,
Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time
1. What do we know about Beowulf?
A.It was written in Middle English. |
B.Its author is unknown. |
C.It is easy to understand. |
A.Between about AD 800 and AD 1066. |
B.Between about AD 1066 and AD 1150. |
C.Between about AD 1150 and AD 1500. |
A.An English historian. |
B.A Middle English poet. |
C.A Modern English writer. |
A.Modern English. | B.Middle English. | C.Old English. |