1. 山上看到的情况；
2. 保护鸟类的原因；
3. 保护鸟类的措施。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 邮件开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
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Yours,
Li Hua
When I heard that huge waves crashed against large rocks that formed a jetty (登岸码头), I was full of fear. Nothing scared me as much as water. Just the sight of the sea made me sick to my stomach.
I’d always loved water and been a good swimmer until last summer, when I’d decided to climb up to the highest diving board at the pool. I’d jumped from that height and hit the water. I got out of breath and blacked out. The next thing I knew was that my brother was pulling me out of the pool. From then on I was really frightened of water.
“Jason, are you coming?” my friend Mat called.
“Yeah,” I said, wondering if they might laugh at me if they knew about my fear.
Suddenly I heard shouting in French. A crowd of people were running into the sea. I saw a little boy moving up and down in the waves! His head popped up, then a wave crashed over him and he disappeared for a moment. Some rescuers fought against the tide (潮水) but they are too far away. I had to join in the rescue.
I looked around and found the boy was close to the jetty and maybe I could help from there. I raced down the beach and it hit me: Water! My palms got sweaty and my fear appeared. I stopped immediately.
The people in the water weren’t making any progress. I was the only person who saw that going out on the jetty was the fastest way to reach the boy. Yet in the middle of this emergency, I was extremely frightened. I tried to remember the lifeguard training I’d had as a teenager. I forced myself to move forward.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Taking in a deep breath, I threw myself into the water.
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As we made our way to safety, I realized something unbelievable.
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3 . A newly published study shows that chess players perform objectively worse and — make more suboptimal (次最优的) moves when there is more fine particulate matter (颗粒物) in the air.
“We find that when individuals are exposed to higher levels of air pollution, they make more mistakes, and they make larger mistakes,” says Juan Palacios, a co-author of a newly published paper detailing the study’s findings.
Scholars have produced many studies exploring the effects of air pollution on cognition. The current study adds to that literature by analyzing the subject in a particularly controlled setting. The scholars used three web-connected sensors inside the tournament venue to measure carbon dioxide, PM2.5 concentrations, and temperature, all of which, can, be affected by external conditions, even in an indoor setting.
To evaluate the matter of performance of players, meanwhile, the scholars used software programs that assess each move made in each chess match, identify optimal decisions, and flag significant errors. During the tournaments, the researchers examined and ruled out alternate potential explanations for the dip in player performance, such as increased noise. They also found that carbon dioxide and temperature changes did not correspond to performance changes. Ultimately, the analysis confirms that the findings are driven by the direct exposure to air particles.
The researchers also found that when air pollution was worse, the chess, players performed even more poorly when under time constraints. The tourmament rules required that 40 moves had to be made within 110 minutes; for moves 31-40 in all, the matches, an air pollution, increase of 10 micro-grams per cubic meter led to an increased probability of error of 3.2 percent, with the magnitude of those errors increasing by 17.3 percent. And while the focus of this particular study is tightly focused on chess players, the findings have strong implications for high-skilled office workers.
1. What does the study find about air pollution?| A．It becomes more and more serious in the gym. |
| B．It can help evaluate chess players’ performance. |
| C．It may affect more people with mental processes. |
| D．It can’t be affected by indoor surroundings. |
| A．To measure carbon dioxide and temperature. |
| B．To assess the performance of players. |
| C．To help players make great moves. |
| D．To distinguish players’ errors in time. |
| A．Limit. | B．Freedom. | C．Consumption. | D．Measurement. |
| A．Various reasons for chess players’ mistakes. |
| B．A new research on chess players’ performance. |
| C．Scholars’ concern about chess players’ health. |
| D．The influence of air pollution on chess players. |
1. What was the man doing when he saw the accident?
| A．On his way to the museum. |
| B．On his way to the library. |
| C．On his way home. |
| A．Driving from the opposite direction. |
| B．Parking by the side of the street. |
| C．Making a phone call in the truck. |
| A．The woman. | B．The man. | C．A man nearby. |
| A．Be careful when walking. |
| B．Try to forget the experience. |
| C．Don’t ride a motorbike. |
5 . Mobile phones have become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have prevented students from carrying mobile phone during school hours.
Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students will want them.
Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction(悲伤的事) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.
She said some schools had tried not to let students use mobile phones at school. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children.
Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school offices. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school. They were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.
Many people say that they understood why parents would want their children to have mobile phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
1. Middle schools are prevented from carrying mobile phones ________ .| A．because they often talk with their friends | B．when they are free from homework |
| C．when they are at school | D．because they cheat in exams |
| A．by telling lies to their parents | B．by making trouble in class |
| C．from their parents and friends | D．from some mobile phone users |
| A．No school in Australia has done anything about the mobile phone use among students. |
| B．Teachers don’t allow the students to leave their mobile phones at school offices. |
| C．Some students had their mobile phones stolen at school. |
| D．Parents give their children mobile phones for no good reason. |
| A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons |
| B．it is impossible to stop students from using mobile phone at school |
| C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school |
| D．parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school hours |
1. How did the woman feel after watching the news report?
| A．Angry | B．Surprised | C．Moved |
| A．The mother | B．The kids | C．The father |
| A．It caught fire | B．It was destroyed | C．It was slightly damaged |
| A．Go to a party |
| B．Make a delicious meal |
| C．Have supper in a restaurant |
7 . Rising numbers of older adults are unable to care for themselves, often leading to serious health problems and even death, according to state and local government agencies. So-called self-neglect cases generally involve the inability to perform basic self-care, such as providing oneself with food, personal health, medication and safety.
Seniors who no longer drive, for instance, are often unable to get to medical appointments, worsening health problems that can make them unable to care for themselves. A fall can result in body injuries leaving one bedridden and unable to care for oneself. Failure to pay bills for public services could lead to service cutoffs. Forgetting to pay rent could lead to the loss of a home.
Mr. Mc-Cormack, 75 years old, and his wife, 71, both had mental illness and stayed in hospitals from time to time, unable to care for their possessions. Despite repeated visits to their home by local officials, the Mc-Cormacks refused assistance. But after they were found living in their car parked outside their house in December 2017, officials removed them from their home and helped them settle in a nursing home.
Self-neglect cases, like above, involved 144, 296 people across the country in 2018, according to a report. The federal government doesn't have comparable data for previous years, but several state and local service providers say they are seeing the self-neglect problem rise.
The reasons seniors stop caring for themselves vary, including illness, depression and poverty. The loss of the spouse or a neighbor who previously kept an eye on an individual often starts a decline into self-neglect, experts say. And the key to reducing self-neglect cases is providing services to enable seniors to remain in their homes safely, such as reliable transportation for medical appointments and shopping, as well as affordable home help.
1. What is the function of Paragraph 2?| A．Give examples of self-neglect cases. | B．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| C．Arouse readers' interest. | D．Summarize the previous paragraph. |
| A．They accepted help from others. | B．They took good care of themselves. |
| C．They ended up living in the nursing house. | D．They couldn't afford to go to hospital. |
| A．Self-care benefits greatly the seniors. |
| B．Investigations are conducted on self-neglect. |
| C．Self-neglect rises among the elderly. |
| D．The government promotes self-care of the seniors. |
| A．In a guidebook. | B．In a newspaper. |
| C．In a fairy tale. | D．In a science fiction. |
要点提示：
1.浪费粮食的现象；
2.珍惜粮食的意义；
3.开展相关活动。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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9 . Counterfeit (假的) medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other counterfeits, they look like real products. But counterfeit drugs may contain too little or none of the active ingredients of the real thing.
People do not get the medicine they need. And in some cases, counterfeits cause death. Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen (对乙酰氨基酚). The medications contained ingredients that looked, smelled and tasted like the real thing. The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money.
The problem of counterfeit medicines is especially serious in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The WHO estimates that up to thirty percent of medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeit. The problem is less widespread among industrialized countries. The WHO says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States, Canada, Japan and New Zealand.
But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit.
Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs. Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify. And there are existing methods, like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real. Other ideas include things like special tracking codes for drug packages. People could send a text message with the code and get a message back, which proves that what they bought is listed in a database. Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms (全息图) on their products as a security device.
1. Last year twenty children in Bangladesh died because of _________.| A．unreal drugs |
| B．online medicines |
| C．acetaminophen |
| D．unclean water |
| A．it is very cheap and convenient to buy medicines online |
| B．we had better not buy medicines online |
| C．more and more people will buy products online |
| D．medicine companies don’t pay much attention to counterfeit drugs |
| A．It reveals (揭露) the reasons why counterfeit drugs are widespread. |
| B．Special tracking codes for drug packages are used to identify counterfeits. |
| C．It shows the danger of counterfeit drugs. |
| D．Some measures are being taken to fight counterfeit drugs. |
| A．Canada. | B．India. |
| C．New Zealand. | D．Japan. |
10 . Why Don’t Students Like School?
Most of the teachers I know entered the job because they loved school as children.
As a matter of fact, the brain is not designed for thinking. It’s designed to ask you not to have to think, because the brain is actually not very good at thinking. Thinking is slow and unreliable.
What is the nature of being human?
| A．A cognitive scientist would add another point of view, “Humans don’t think very often because our brains are designed not for thought but for escaping from thought.” |
| B．What sets us apart from other species? |
| C．Of course you could make each decision with care and thought. |
| D．However, people enjoy thinking if it is successful. |
| E．Therefore, teachers should reconsider how they encourage their students to think, in order to make thinking enjoyable enough for students to go after. |
| F．If we are all so bad at thinking, how does anyone get through the day? |
| G．They want to help their students feel the same excitement and passion for learning that they felt. |
