2 . Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A delivered       B management       C overlooked        D.products        E.rural     F. shifted G.strategies       H.sufficient       I. tremendous        J.urbanisation       K.worst

National governments neglecting development needs of cities

National governments around the world are neglecting the needs of their major cities with non-existent or inadequate development policies, a new report has found. National governments are key to making cities more sustainable, because cities are limited distinctly in the policy measures they can take for themselves, the report points out. However, only a quarter of the world’s governments have urban development policies at all, and most of those that do exist are far from     1     to make cities sustainable.

The report looks at the key measures of energy production, transport, waste     2     and infrastructure(基础建设)，For instance, putting in adequate public transport can transform the lives of citizens and the carbon footprint of the cities they live in. Encouraging the use of electric vehicles above petrol-driven cars can also have a(n)     3     effect, not just on greenhouse gas emissions but also on removing some of the key causes of air pollution.

The report, from the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Coalition for Urban Transitions and funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, suggests national governments have     4     the needs of their major cities even when they have in place national policies on issues such as climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.Derik Broekhoff of the Stockholm EnvironmentInstitute,the lead author of the study, said“Now is the time for national governments to put cities at the heart of their national development     5     . Countries must consider what policies need to be     6     in order to ensure their countries and cities are prepared for the unprecedented     7     and climate challenges the world is facing.”

Cities around the world are facing rapid population growth, and are likely to be among the areas     8     hit by dramatic climate change, in part because many are at risk of rising sea levels, floods and droughts. For most of human history, the     9     population was greater than those of cities, and it is only in just over the last decade that this balance has     10     with most of the world’s populations now living in urban centres, a trend that is expected to speed up even further.

3 . Directions:After reading the passages below.fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with given words,fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given:for the other blanks,use one word for each blank the best fits the context.

One of the most important New Year's resolutions     1     every parent should make for 2021 is to ensure everyone in the family spends less time with screens. Since last year, a number of new studies     2     (confirm) that the effects of technology on kids are even worse than many parents feared.

Children between the ages of 8 and 11 who spend more than two hours a day looking at screens were associated with lower cognitive function than those who engaged in less screen time, according to researchers who published a study in The Lancet in September. While researchers noted there is no causal link, they wrote,“Emerging evidence suggests that mobile device and social media uses have an unfavorable relationship with attention, memory, impulse control, and academic performance”--- perhaps     3     technology encourages multi-tasking and can cut into kids' sleep time.

The Times also reported many elite schools are moving towards eliminating or reducing screens, while many public schools are touting technology in classrooms.     4     fears of a technological divide were once centered on the high cost of technology and high-speed internet access, the concern is now that less affluent children     5     be spending more time with technology. Already, research by Common Sense Media has found that higher-income teenagers spend less time with screens for entertainment compared to lower-income teens. Of course, a total ban isn't necessarily a smart strategy, either. Some screen time can be important for helping kids learn to use technology they     6     (need) in their careers. They might also use it in beneficial ways     7     (access) educational games and programs, and stay connected to family and friends, for example.

And     8     parents blame their kids' bad behavior on their technology use, it's also important to take a look in the mirror. Moms and dads need to reduce their own screen time, too. A study published in June in Pediatric Research found that there's     9     vicious cycle: The parents' use of phones and its interference in parent-child interactions is associated with kids acting out(模仿).This might then prompt parents to continue using their phones as a way to cope with stress.

New Year's celebrations are the perfect time to get the whole family to look up from their screens       10     offering some fun alternatives like board games, scavenger hunts, baking treats or getting together with family and friends. Kids will soon discover that there are plenty of things that aren't on Facebook to "like."

4 . 你班英语课上讨论了学生课外上网的利弊，以下是同学们的看法。请你用英语写一篇短文，小结他们的观点，并呼吁正确使用互联网。

使用互联网的益处	使用互联网的弊端
1、资源丰富 2、节省时间 3、方便交流和沟通	1、内容良莠兼有 2、沉迷网络游戏会影响学业 3、过多使用会影响健康

注意：
1．词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已给出，不计入字数。

With the development of computer technology, the Internet has become more and more popular.

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5 . If you’re gathering your teenage kids in the living room to watch “The Falcon and the Winter Soldier” on Disney+, just know there’s a good chance they’d rather be playing “Fortnite”, a popular game.

That could totally be the case according to a new study from a consulting firm in Deloitte, which analyzed the generational divide in at-home entertainment.

The study, based on an online survey of more than 2,000 consumers, showed preferences are changing rapidly between millennials and the younger generation when it comes to how they want to spend their leisure time.

For Gen Z, defined as those born from 1997 to 2007,video - whether movies or television shows - is not a priority, the study found. 26% of Gen Zers in the survey said playing video games as their favorite entertainment activity, compared to 14% for listening to music, 12% for browsing the Internet and 11% for engaging on social media. Only 10% said they would rather watch a movie or TV show at home.

That compares to millennials (born 1983 to 1996),18% of whom chose watching movies and TV shows as their preferred mode of entertainment. Video games were the the entertainment option of choice for 16% of millennials.       

“Gen Z would much rather spend time gaming, listening to music or using social media,” Jana Arbanas, entertainment leader at Deloitte, said. “That was a really alarming contrast that we saw relative to the shift that's happening and how Gen Z will impact this industry.”

“Millennials took the behaviors they developed as teenagers, and they've taken them forward into their early 30s, and so if Gen Z is anything like that, their behaviors may change slightly, but I don't see a complete aging out of their behaviors,” said Kevin Westcott, technology, media and telecom leader.

1. What does paragraph 1 tell us about teenagers today?

A．They are addicted to Fortnite.	B．They prefer games to movies.
C．They don't like being told what to do.	D．They tend to spend leisure time alone.

2. How will the entertainment industry develop according to Jana Arbanas?

A．It will offer fewer games and more music.	B．It will see a decline in the use of social media.
C．It will be impacted by the need of millennials.	D．It will be influenced by the preference of Gen Zers.

3. What can we infer about Gen Zers from Kevin Westcott’s words?

A．They may outgrow their behaviors over time.

B．They’ll stop watching movies and TV shows.

C．They may not change much in their behaviors.

D．They’ll develop the same behaviors as millennials.

4. Where is the text mostly taken from?

A．A medical report.	B．A shopping website.
C．A popular newspaper.	D．An entertainment fiction.

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Nowadays in the society, many people, especially girls, blindly pursue the light skin. They hold a biased view that light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty and elegance.

The result is that skin-lightening has become a common activity across Africa, Asia and other areas of the world. More and more people with dark skin are using skin-lightening products, even if it means they may face health risks.

They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives. Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family. Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.

Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter. This is also called bleaching. But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous. One of the most dangerous has been connected to kidney damage and some kinds of cancer. It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers-to-be use it during pregnancy. At first, bleaching products make the skin color lighter. But after long-term use they can cause problems. They could even make some skin darker. The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin. The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight. Then the skin can become thick and discoloured. Usually, the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem, but this only makes it worse.

Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage. They feel regret and sadness. They feel that instead of risking their health, they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was.

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8 . When you feel like everyone around you is having more fun and spending more time with friends, you might feel bad about yourself—even if it is not true. A study published by Whillans and her colleagues found that 48 percent of college freshmen believed that their friends had made more friends than they had since school began. In the study, more than 1,000 first-year students reported they had 3.63 close friends on average, but they believed their friends had 4.15 close friends.

According to Ashley Whillans, this fear of missing out on parties or events is actually very common. It may be particularly severe among college freshmen because entering into university is one of the key transition points in their life in establishing their identity in a new social environment. In other words, it’s their first taste of navigating social situations as an adult.

“Since social activities, like eating or studying with others, tend to happen in cafes and libraries where they are easily seen, students might overestimate (高估) how much their peers are socializing because they don’t see them eating and studying alone,” says Frances Chen, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor in the UBC psychology department.

Another study they published at the same time indicates that feeling left out made the students pretty unhappy. “This was surprising,” Whillans says, “because many high-achieving people—i.e. the ones most likely going to college—believe they’re better equipped than their peers to handle challenges. But when peers appear to be doing better socially, that can contribute to feelings that there’s something wrong with us.”

This study also suggests that for some people, feeling slightly behind on the friend curve (曲线) was motivating because the students’ view of how they were doing socially compared to peers changed several months later. It indicates that if people think making friends is something they can change and something they can get better at, they will work toward that goal.

Greg Walton, a psychologist at Stanford University, says that many first-year students could benefit from things like having older students share stories of how they felt left out socially as freshmen, or encouraging teachers to express criticism about students’ work in a more positive way.

1. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?

A．It’s normal that you think others have more friends.

B．It’s obvious that you should believe in your friends.

C．It’s vital that you need more friends to enrich your life.

D．It’s possible that you have more friends as a freshman.

2. According to Whillans, why do people feel sad when they are left out?

A．They have high expectations of themselves.

B．They lack enough courage to face challenges.

C．They have a strong desire to make achievements.

D．They lose good chances to show off their abilities.

3. Which of the following can best describe the fifth paragraph?

A．Every dog has its day.	B．Every coin has two sides.
C．Actions speak louder than words.	D．All good things will come to an end.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?

A．To draw a logical conclusion.	B．To give a detailed explanation.
C．To provide a possible solution.	D．To show the outcome of the study.

9 . Working from home has been a long-held dream for many employees craving more flexible work arrangements and comfort. With the fantasy coming true because of the outbreak of COVID-19, however, quite a few people find it less romantic than expected. Amid the ongoing epidemic, a large number of Chinese companies have ordered employees to work from home, looking to control the spread of the virus as staff members return from the Spring Festival travel rush.

Allowing employees to work from home-even if they are not symptomatic-and enabling virtual meetings could help limit the spread of the virus and assuage employees’ fears about exposure.

But there’s another side to the coin. As millions of people started to work at home, people found video communication difficult. Many telecommuting platforms, including DingTalk, an all-in-one mobile workplace from Alibaba, went through temporary outages due to surging demand.

Fu Yangang, a product manager at a house trading company in Beijing, found he couldn’t receive any messages from colleagues during an online meeting at home on Tuesday, and neither could they. Similar problems arose when they switched to Zoom, a California-based video communication app which provides remote conferencing services.

Residences filled with distractions such as spouses, parents, kids or pets set up another obstacle for many employees working from home. Xia Baigi, who works for an Internet company in Beijing, was required to stay at home in Jilin Province until Feb.10, but has found what was an oft-wished for working style a hindrance to productivity. Her parents, who don’t have much to do, suddenly became concerned about her job and asked many questions. “I love my mom and dad, but their current behavior just adds stress and strain,” she said. “Sometimes I have to lock myself in my own room to avoid their enthusiasm.”

For people who are able to stay as productive as they would in an office environment, they came across a different problem： “surprisingly” longer working time at home. Working for an investment company in Shanghai, Zhang Fei felt he could never escape from his job working at home in Shandong Province, which makes time management a whole lot messier. “There is no longer a’ work’ and’ no work’ time. My work comes calling at all hours, which can keep me at a frenetic pace,” he said. With the return date drawing closer, he said, he never felt so excited about being back at the office.

1. Why many people can work from home in China?

A．Because many employees think it is a fantasy idea.

B．Because the employers think more highly of working from home than traditional working.

C．Because the COVID-19 occurred.

D．Because large number of Chinese companies want to avoid the Spring Festival travel rush.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?

A．Increase.

B．Ease.

C．Give up.

D．Find.

3. Which of the following statement is right?

A．After Fu Yangang and his partners switched to Zoom, their problem was solved.

B．Xia Baiqi’s parents could give her more constructive advice.

C．Xia Baiqi locked herself in her own room to avoid distractions.

D．By saying “There is no longer a ‘work’ and ‘no work’ time.”, Zhang Fei meant he can work less time when at home.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Working from home has unexpected challenges

B．Working from home can save you a lot of trouble

C．How to avoid distractions when working from home

D．More flexible, less work time