1 . Most people are hoping the recent stranding (搁浅) of the 1,300-foot, 220,000-ton Ever Given container ship (集装箱货运船) in the Suez Canal was a one-off---just a case of a very big ship getting stuck in a narrow waterway. However, more than 100 ships of similar size are passing through the world’s waterways, and even bigger ones are being built.
Capt.Andrew Kinsey, a senior marine-risk consultant (海洋风险顾问) for a global financial services firm, says with heavy weather in the North Pacific Ocean over the past year, a lot of containers are going overboard (落水). Part of the problem is the way the ultra-large ships handle at sea with towering stacks (堆叠) of containers, especially in strong winds.
Alan Murphy, chief executive of a container-shipping research and advisory firm in Copenhagen, Denmark, says it’s difficult to know whether there has been an increase in the number of containers going overboard or if trans-Pacific container losses over the past year have just received more attention.In a November report, the World Shipping Council found the number of such incidents to be falling in recent years, although the report does not cover 2020. There is no central database for reporting container losses, so it’s not known exactly how many containers fall overboard, Murphy says.
Murphy says container ships are often fully loaded nowadays, as demand for consumer products has jumped during the corona virus pandemic. “In the past, these huge ships have never really sailed as fully loaded as they are now,” he says.“Obviously, the more the ship carries, the greater the risk of an incident happening.”
“The stranding of Ever Given in the Suez Canal is a warning,” Kinsey says.“We’ve been bring up the issue of size in our yearly safety and shipping review and in papers for over five years.”
Carrying more containers needs bigger and wider ships, which means it is harder for them to sail through narrow waterways like the Suez Canal and move when they get stuck.
1. What can we imply from paragraph 1?| A．It might be a tough task to build bigger ships. |
| B．Costs of overseas shipments might rise sharply. |
| C．There might be changes in the world’s waterways. |
| D．More accidents like the recent stranding might happen. |
| A．No database for reporting container losses had been created. |
| B．Trans-Pacific container losses had received more attention. |
| C．The number of container losses had dropped in recent years before 2020. |
| D．More container losses happened in 2020 than in the past few years. |
| A．The extreme weather. | B．The increasing size of ships |
| C．The slow transportation. | D．The growing demand for consumer goods. |
| A．Warnings about the risks of stranding are given yearly. |
| B．Concern about larger ships has been voiced for some time. |
| C．Some container ships can carry as many goods as Ever Given. |
| D．Ships bigger than Ever Given won’t be allowed through the Suez Canal. |
2 . Students decide to take a job while being in university because of two reasons: on the one hand, they need money; on the other hand, they want to experience something new and they want to see what working means.
But is it good to take a job while you are a university student? There are both advantages and disadvantages if we were to answer this question. If we were to think about the advantages, we could mention the ones I have just discussed. Having a job at an early age helps us gain experience, which will be very useful to our later life. We may become financially independent and don’t need to ask our parents for money each time we want to go downtown with our friends, or spend the holiday at the seaside or in the mountains.
However, students who take a job might have problems in spending enough time on their study. If they work during the day, they may have to be absent from their classes, and if they work at night they will feel tired the next day. They may choose to stay at home, resting. What’s worse, some students may even get bored with study.
Well, this fact happens every now and then, but there are cases when well-prepared students take a part-time job but at the same time they make time for study, too. And they have good results. Their case is a good example to follow among the students who decide to work while being in university. Anyway, we need to keep in mind that study is the most important job for a student.
1. The writer believes that some college students work ______.| A．for pleasure | B．to learn something practical |
| C．to support their family | D．for further education. |
| A．Prepare them for their future careers |
| B．Make more friends |
| C．Win free journeys |
| D．Have complete independence from their family |
| A．be absent from their exams |
| B．receive punishment from their teachers |
| C．be in conflict with their roommates |
| D．lose their interest in their studies |
| A．can keep a balance between work and study |
| B．should not take a job |
| C．had better take a part-time job during vacation |
| D．should learn by doing |
3 . Ask a classroom of children to draw a scientist, and you’ll see plenty of colored lab coats and glasses. The image ( 画像) hasn't changed much since the 1960s, but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.
A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids? drawings in recent decades — going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.
The first of many “ draw-a-scientist ’’ studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977. Of those 5,000 drawings, only 28 drew female scientists. That was just 0.56 percent. Today, female scientists are being presented more in the media. For example, in a content analysis, 13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls, compared with 44 percent in the 2000s. “That might really affect children’s idea on what a scientist should be like, ” says Miller, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology.
To look for changes in children's perception over time, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis ,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade. On average, 28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.
What hasn’t changed much: kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念）by gender (性别） as they grow up. At age 6, about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studies drew female scientists. By age 16, 75 percent drew male scientists. This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes. It’s important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.
1. What’s the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s, kid like?| A．A man with long curly hair. | B．A woman with lab glasses. |
| C．A woman in a formal lab suit. | D．A man in a colored lab coat. |
| A．The improvement of women^ social status. |
| B．The kids are affected by teachers and parents. |
| C．More female scientists appear in the media. |
| D．The increasing number of female scientists. |
| A．Belief. | B．Idea. | C．Habit. | D．Growth. |
| A．it's a stereotype that scientists are generally males |
| B．girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boys |
| C．some children are born with certain stereotypes |
| D．most children tend to prefer female scientists |
4 . Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say—problems, I don't want you in my life.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.
Write your problems.
Don't lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family…you should still have faith.
Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.
| A．Of course, we've been fighting troubles ever since we were born. |
| B．When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it？ |
| C．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don't want a real person to talk with. |
| D．But the truth is that when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you. |
| E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack. |
| F．Tell yourself：when they can deal with them, why can't I？ |
| G．With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose. |
| 大多数学生的观点 | 部分老师及家长的观点 |
| 1.便于和父母及朋友联系 2. 增加乐趣， 丰富学生的生活 | 1.分散注意力， 不能集中精力学习 2. 花费高 |
| 你的观点…… | |
1. in favour of
2.keep in touch
3. concentrate on
4.spend too much money on ...
注意：1.词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6 . How many phone numbers can you remember by heart? It’s probably fewer than you would like. Actually, you are not alone. Out of more than 1,000 Americans who were surveyed, more than half said that they couldn’t recall the phone numbers of their friends and neighbors. In their eyes, there is no point in filling their heads with phone numbers if they are all stored in smart phones that are with them almost all the time.
In fact, most people are suffering from a sort of digital amnesia(健忘). more than 90% of those surveyed agreed that they used the Internet as an online of their brains. Rote memorization(死记硬背) was once an important part of modern education, but we just need a click or slide now. That’s making us worse at remembering things.
Researchers found that when people expected to use the information online, they were less likely to remember actual facts, but more likely to remember how to find them. As a result, we are already becoming ones with our computer tools, growing into interconnected systems that remember less by knowing information than by knowing where the information can be found.
However, some believe it isn’t necessarily a bad thing--maybe it gives them more chances to think through things. We certainly acquire more knowledge now than ever, even if it isn’t all stored in our brains.
Even so, I still believe that there are more risks to this new world of memory beyond losing our ability to recall some information such as who the 15th President was. That kind of information may always be a click away, but the important things are personal ones, like the way your parents smiled at your wedding. It’s harder to recall or find online. If you’re relying on yourself to keep track of those memories, they will be much more meaningful.
1. Paragraph 1 is mainly used to _______.| A．serve as the background | B．introduce the topic |
| C．explain new research | D．show some data to readers |
| A．Dealing with too many things | B．Seldom thinking about questions |
| C．Relying on the internet too much | D．The changes of their memories. |
| A．over 90% people are suffering from digital amnesia |
| B．people can gain knowledge more easily than before |
| C．rote memorization no longer exists in modern life |
| D．People find it hard to remember how to find information |
| A．Worried | B．Optimistic |
| C．Disappointed | D．Confident |
7 . It's likely that you don't think you've invited a spy into your home when setting up a new TV. But new Samsung, LG, and Vizio smart TVs can record and share everything that's viewed, whether it's a broadcast or something streaming from the Internet. And some smart TVs can even track what DVD you're watching.
Your viewing habits are valuable information for marketers who might want to use the information to advertise new shows and products, offer extra content on shows you want to watch. The advertisements are like the ones you see on your computer.
You might not realize that you allowed TVs to collect your viewing habits when you agreed to the long privacy policy during setup. With Samsung, there are 47 screens of text. LG and Vizio also ask you to agree to the privacy policy in thousands of words in fine print.
When Consumer Reports emailed the makers to ask how they are using the technology, representatives for Samsung and Vizio didn't say anything. An LG representative said that the company isn't using any data to send personalized ads and has no plans to do so. But Consumer Reports says that could change at any time.
You might think, “How can I turn those advertisements off?" It's not always so easy. To stop tracking, you have to fight your way through menu settings. On an LG set, go to settings , then options, then Live plus, click off, then close. With Vizio, it's like a long tour through three menus to turn off the advertisements. With Samsung, it's a similar trip to find the box "SyncPlus and Marketing” to disable it.
Consumer Reports says that countermanding the marketing feature may cause you to lose some extra services from makers, but it's more important to protect your privacy.
1. What will the marketers use customers' viewing habits to do?| A．Build a good relationship with customers. | B．Collect some suggestions about shows. |
| C．Advertise new shows and products. | D．Improve the quality of smart TVs. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Reasonable. | D．Believable. |
| A．How we learn to use TVs’ settings. |
| B．How we can get more shows from TV. |
| C．How we send personal information to others. |
| D．How we stop advertisements from appearing on the screen. |
| A．cancelling | B．reading | C．researching | D．learning |
8 . How do you usually spend your spare time? Many people choose to be couch potatoes, but not Luo Han, a 9-year-old from Changsha, Hunan.
Luo Han completes at least two hours of outdoor activities every day and has raised a wave of discussion online. Although he is in primary school, he has already mastered sports like kayaking and paddling. His aptitude for outdoor sports is from his father Luo Ge, who actively encourages him to enjoy nature, rather than focusing only on his learning. After noticing that Luo Han did not go out for enough exercise after school, his father took him to do outdoor activities every day.
Many applauded them. “Exercise can ease brain fog and improve memory. Many students feel stressed about school work, so outdoor activities can help us keep our moods uplifted and improve our learning efficiency.” said Liu Yu, 18, a university freshman. Wang Tao, a parent of a 16-year-old, showed her support for the father. “It’s more than a way to relax. It’s a training of willpower,” she said. Her son He Xin, from Hefei Thomas School, Anhui, is a fan of outdoor sports. Although facing increasing pressure in his studies, he has joined the school’s athletic programs.
However, some have also expressed their concerns. “Two hours isn’t too much for a 9-year-old, but it might be difficult for high school students to guarantee this block of time when school becomes more demanding,” said Huang Xi, 16, from Liyang High School of Jiangsu province.
Ms. Zhu, who has a daughter in middle school, also agreed that two hours is too much for the majority of parents, especially on weekdays. “When I am off duty, I need to do housework. After my daughter finishes her homework, she prefers to watch TV. Neither of us would think of going outside for exercise,” Zhu said.
Other parents are concerned about the safety of outdoor activities. Zhang Zhijin has a son in high school. “Sometimes, teenagers can do crazy and risky things. We worry about accidents,” Zhang said.
1. Which of the following is true?| A．Liu Yu thinks outdoor activities can improve our learning. |
| B．Outdoor playing is only good to relaxation. |
| C．Luo Han ’s father thinks learning is more important than exercising. |
| D．Luo Han’s father thinks exercise on campus is enough for him. |
| A．annoyed | B．excited | C．anxious | D．frightened |
| A．Huang Xi | B．Liu Yu | C．Wang Tao | D．Luo Han |
| A．Please go out for exercise | B．Daily outdoor play and working |
| C．People’s concerns | D．Parent’s views on after-class work |
9 . Betty Azar is a world famous expert on teaching English grammar. Here are some of her opinions.
Why do students need to learn grammar?
When teachers are deciding which grammar points to teach,they should first ask two questions. First,will understanding the point help students be understood—will it help them understand better?Next, will learning the grammar point help students be acceptable as English speakers?
People usually think that grammar is all about memorizing rules. In fact,grammar is not just learning rules. It is a way to help students along the way to communication.
Teachers should know that students do not all learn in the same way. Each may have a different learning style when it comes to learning grammar. Some may see a pattern and understand the rule. Others need explanations and more practice. “But to teach grammar as a subject matter and test it as though you were testing the memorization of dates in history is sure to bore everybody and not reach the goals that you are trying to reach—successful communication experiences.”
Why do some teachers hate teaching grammar?
Many teachers are not comfortable teaching grammar because they do not know how to answer their students' questions. “Most native speakers of English didn't learn it in school," she says. "If you don't know any grammar of your own language and then you are asked to teach it,it's possible that your students may know more grammar than you and you can’t answer their questions."
Can teaching grammar really be fun?
Teachers should learn to make the teaching of grammar fun. She says,"My students enjoy learning grammar as much as I enjoy teaching it. I think grammar is fascinating. It is the glue that holds language together. It is really beautiful when you get to know it. Grammar is quite a remarkable(不同寻常的) thing."
1. What should teachers do before teaching grammar points?| A．Ask themselves questions. |
| B．Develop a good teaching style. |
| C．Find out students’ learning needs. |
| D．Let students memorize some rules. |
| A．A student. | B．A reporter. | C．A teacher. | D．A writer. |
| A．boring | B．beautiful | C．hard to teach | D．easy to learn |
| A．grammar should be taught as a subject |
| B．native speakers don’t need to learn grammar |
| C．different students learn grammar in different ways |
| D．it’s useful to memorize rules when learning grammar |
10 . Most people follow others blindly mainly under the effect of peer(同龄人) pressure. Some people also feel it safe to follow a large number of people. In some rare cases it might be right to follow the crowd(群众), but in most cases this can be one big mistake. Actually there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow the crowd blindly.
According to a study, people tend to follow the crowd when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong！This attracts more people to follow them and the result is that most people move in a certain direction even if it isn’t right.
A man who wants to be successful always hopes for others’ guidance and he usually follows the same path of most people, but the question this man never asks himself is：are all of those people successful？Of course not！If you want to follow a crowd, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you’ll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following the crowd makes no sense at all.
Most people act without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they’re greater than you in number, then sooner or later you’ll discover that you’re making decisions you might regret later.
However, should we never follow the crowd？No. I’m not trying to say you should never follow the crowd, but instead I’m just asking you to think wisely before you make a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem in following them, but if you have doubts about the direction they’re moving in, don’t follow them blindly.
1. According to the text，most people follow others blindly mainly because .| A．they are affected by their peers | B．they don’t believe in themselves |
| C．they feel it safe to stay with others | D．they are weaker than other people |
| A．It needs some time to think wisely. |
| B．We shouldn’t regret what we have done. |
| C．We should think wisely before deciding to follow others. |
| D．Making others follow us is better than following others. |
| A．It is wrong to follow other people. |
| B．Those who follow others won’t succeed. |
| C．Only those foolish people will follow others. |
| D．One should use his head before following others. |
| A．Effects of following others. |
| B．Benefits of making wise decisions. |
| C．Reasons why most people follow others. |
| D．Reasons why people shouldn’t follow others blindly. |
