1 . Pet owners love their dogs more than their cats. Although previous studies have already suggested this finding, scientists from the University of Copenhagen wanted to research more deeply into whether cultural factors affected the results. Their findings are published in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science.
In the survey across Denmark, Austria and the United Kingdom, 844 dog owners, 872 cat owners and 401 people who owned both dogs and cats were asked questions about their pets. Overall, the participants had higher attachment scores for dogs than for cats. Owners were more likely to insure (给……投保) their dogs and paid more to dogs’ treatment. However, the results differed dramatically across countries. For example, the United Kingdom’s results were in favor of dogs, although only slightly. Australia had a very clear preference for dogs. Emotional attachment to dogs was highest in Denmark. The Danes were also less likely to buy insurance for their cats, compared with their dogs.
“While people care more about their dogs than their cats in these countries, the degree of difference varied between countries,” Professor Peter Sandoe of the University of Copenhagen, the study’s first author, said in a press release. “It doesn’t therefore seem to be a universal phenomenon (现象) that people care much less about their cats than their dogs.”
The difference between countries may be due to cultural differences and attitudes toward pets, the study suggested. This may be the result of the country’s history with rural animals and how often they interacted with people. These factors may have influenced societal attitudes toward pets in modern times.
“Our study only looks at three countries in Europe,” professor Clare Palmer of Texas A&M University, a co-author of the paper, said in the press release. “It raises interesting questions regarding what comparative studies of other countries might find,” she went on. “Perhaps there are countries where the level of care for and attachment to cats is, in fact, higher than dogs?”
1. What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing paragraph 1?A.To state a widely acknowledged fact. |
B.To analyze the cause of a phenomenon. |
C.To introduce the topic of a new study. |
D.To compare two different studies. |
A.By asking questions. |
B.By doing an experiment. |
C.By collecting data online. |
D.By keeping track of pet owners’ daily life. |
A.Not all the people in the world prefer dogs to cats. |
B.People in the three surveyed countries prefer dogs to cats. |
C.The levels of care for cats are the same as dogs in the world. |
D.People in the world care less about their cats than their dogs. |
A.Pet owners love their dogs more than their cats. |
B.Culture may influence people’s preference to dogs. |
C.Pet owners should care about their cats as much as their dogs. |
D.People hold different attitudes toward pets in three European countries. |
2 . Some pickles (榨菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new type of pickle is being discussed: “digital pickles”. In fact, they are the attractive videos people watch while eating.
The topic received more than 16 million clicks online and about 100, 000 people joined in the discussion. Instead of being with friends and family during a meal, many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos. Many believe that their food tastes better with the “digital pickles”.
Can this habit affect your diet? According to a research paper, you may eat more unconsciously (无意识地). The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating habits on four different days. Those included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines and doing nothing else. After analyzing (分析) their diets, the team discovered that eating with a distraction (使人分心的事物) resulted in taking in more calories by about 15 percent.
To explore the reason, the team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to sounds about another person eating and the other listened to those that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less since they were more focused on their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be attracted, which leads to eating more than expected.
This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well. A research project led by the University of Sussex, UK, pointed out that activities which require lots of attention cheat many into overeating. The team invited 120 volunteers to do different tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. “Our study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is attracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to tell how full you feel, “one author explained.
1. What do “digital pickles” refer to in paragraph 1?A.A new type of vegetable. | B.Popular electronic products online. |
C.Videos people watch while eating. | D.Digital games suitable for families. |
A.Young people become more social. | B.Diners watching videos forget to eat. |
C.People’s cooking skills are improved. | D.Food may turn out to be more attractive. |
A.The group focusing on a magazine. | B.The group listening to others eating. |
C.The group eating without a distraction. | D.The group imagining attractive activities. |
A.Enjoying meals with a video. | B.Figuring out how full you are. |
C.Recognizing your eating habits. | D.Keeping “digital pickles” away. |
Jennifer Jones, a 15-year-old girl, passed
Jennifer’s case is
If a traditional sport bores you, it’s time to try something new! New sports have been refreshing our minds,
New sports begin to thrive with great attention paid
Why do young people favor new sports? Houlang’s report claims that apart from keeping fit as a type of exercise, many young people pick them up to socialize allowing them
The new sports are also “suitable for taking photos and are less restricted by venues”, Zou Qingling, the CEO of Lvmama,
The pandemic plays a role in this trend too. Because of the pandemic, people may choose sports that are less demanding on
5 . When it comes to team assembly (团队组建), people who are both trustworthy and competent are the most sought after. However, those who are friendly and trustworthy are more likely to be selected than those who are known for just their skill competence and personal reputation, according to a new research from Binghamton University.
“We assume that people are selected for important tasks due to their knowledge, skills and abilities. However, this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel comfortable with them,” said Cynthia Maupin, assistant professor of organizational behavior and leadership in Binghamton University’s School of Management. “People may be willing to sacrifice a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience.”
Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study. Students were randomly assigned to different teams to carry out class projects and assignments. Toward the end of the semester, students were asked to form their own teams. and evaluate why they selected each member of their group.
“To find out how students signaled to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future, we studied their use of either challenging or supportive voice,” Maupin said.
·Challenging voice: Communicating in a way that challenges the present situation and is focused on new ideas and efficiency.
·Supportive voice: Communicating in a way that strengthens social ties and trust, and builds friendly unity of a team.
The researchers found that students who exhibited both voices were the most in-demand people when it came to assembling teams. However, students who only used supportive voice to exhibit their friendliness and trustworthiness were more sought after than those who only signaled their competence through the use of challenging voice.
Maupin said the findings have major implications(影响) for the workplace. “People should realize the way they speak up can have a strong effect on informal teaming up at a later point and that supportive voice helps establish harmonious relationships and a sense of trust amongst individuals.”
1. Who are more likely to be selected into a team?A.Those willing to make sacrifices. |
B.Those reliable and easy to get along with. |
C.Those with ideal skill competence. |
D.Those known for good personal reputation. |
A.They assigned MBA students to different teams on purpose. |
B.They studied college students’ cooperative competence. |
C.They took a group of MBA students as research objects. |
D.They studied MBA students’ use of challenging or cooperative voice. |
A.Replied. | B.Demanded. |
C.Promised. | D.Displayed. |
A.The Secret to Assembling a Team |
B.The Importance of Competence |
C.Challenging Voice or Supportive Voice |
D.Competent Teammates or Friendly Teammates |
6 . It was a comfortable sunny Sunday. I was going to meet an old university friend I hadn’t seen for years, and was really excited.
My train was running a little late, but that was no big problem—I could text him to say I would be delayed. He would understand. But … where was my mobile phone? I had that familiar sinking feeling. Yes, I’d left it at home.
No mobile phone. I’m sure I’m not alone in feeling anxious, on edge and worried when I don’t have my phone with me. In fact, I know I’m not alone: two-thirds of us experience “nomophobia (无手机恐惧症)”, the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
That’s according to a study from 2012 which surveyed 1,000 people in the UK about their relationship with mobile phones.
It says we check our mobile phones 34 times a day, and that 18—24-year-olds, especially girls, are the most likely to suffer fear of being without their mobiles: 77% of them say they are unable to be apart from their phones for more than a few minutes.
Do you have nomophobia?
● You never turn your phone off.
● You frequently check for texts, missed calls and emails.
● You always take your phone to the bathroom with you.
● You never let the battery run out.
It’s funny to think that around 20 years ago the only people with mobile phones would be businessmen carrying their large, plastic “bricks”. Of course, these days, mobile phones are everywhere. A UN study from this year said there would be more mobile phones than people across the world by the end of 2020.
And when there are more phones than people in the world, maybe it’s time to ask who really is in charge? Are you in control of your phone, or does your phone control you?
So, what happened with my university friend? When I arrived a few minutes late he just laughed and said: “You haven’t changed at all—still always late!” And we had a great afternoon catching up, full of jokes and stories, with no desire to check my phone.
Not having it with me felt strangely free. Maybe I’ll leave it at home on purpose next time.
1. The underlined phrase “on edge” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.A.energetic | B.nervous | C.brilliant | D.amazed |
A.Worried. | B.Positive. | C.Neutral (中立的). | D.Negative. |
A.A successful manager. | B.A 21-year-old girl. |
C.A 21-year-old boy. | D.A lonely middle-aged person. |
A.The history of mobile phones. |
B.The story of meeting an old university friend. |
C.The attraction of playing mobile phone. |
D.The terrible feeling of being without their mobiles. |
Teenagers are often misunderstood. They are at a stage in their lives
One of the biggest misunderstandings about teenagers
In order to better understand and support teenagers, it is important to recognize their
8 . As night falls on the streets of Shanghai, Mikiko Chen can often be found pacing up and down through the winding narrow streets of the city hunting for discarded items.
“I pick up all sorts of things, chairs, wine boxes, bowls and cups. . . it’s like treasure hunting for me, “she says. The 27-year-old digital marketer is among the first adopters of “stooping” in China, a practice that refers to picking up discarded furniture and other goods on the streets for re-use. She says the concept “stooping” was inspired by New Yorkers who often leave unwanted things on the “stoops” —or doorsteps—leading up to the entrances of buildings.
“The core concept of stooping for me is to make the best use of things,” Ms. Chen says. “It can help you to save money, but it’s not just about lowering consumption.” “It’s wasteful to throw away something that’s still usable; it’s better to share it with others who need it.”
Ms. Chen says she was among the first to use the hashtag (话题标签) #stooping on Xiaohongshu. “I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange . . gradually I’m receiving hundreds of messages each day,” she says. Since then, the trend has become increasingly popular.
Ms. Chen says she is “very surprised” the concept has become a hit on social media, as older generations often stigmatize picking up things from the street or using second-hand goods. “People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’ and ‘scavenging’ (拾荒),” she says. “She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.”
For Nan Zheng, an environmentalist and advocate, stooping is more than the physical act of picking up things from the streets. He created an app called “Grecycle” where people can give away or take unwanted items for free. “I think we can let more people know about the concept of stooping as an interesting and fun thing to do,” Mr. Nan says. “But then, gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.”
1. What can we learn about Mikiko Chen from paragraph 2 and 3?A.She is hunting for costly treasures. |
B.She just wants to reduce consumption. |
C.She got inspiration from New Yorkers. |
D.She intends to make the most of throwaway items. |
A.To collect varieties of messages. |
B.To go viral on social media. |
C.To share something still usable with others. |
D.To throw away unwanted things on the “stoops”. |
A.The older are ashamed of stooping. | B.The older are skilled at stooping. |
C.The older are exposed to stooping. | D.The older are addicted to stooping |
A.Recycling discarded things from the streets. |
B.Getting unwanted items for free on “Grecycle”. |
C.Exchanging items through “Grecycle”. |
D.Enhancing people’s awareness of charity. |
9 . Research shows that isolation (隔绝) is bad for us and connected with certain diseases including depression, high blood pressure and heart disease. Yet teenagers look for isolation by using the device of our times — a screen, screens of all kinds. However, in whatever form, screens are addictive (上瘾的), and addictive from an early age. Research has shown that given the chance, six-month old babies prefer screens to real human faces.
Hand in hand with this addiction to screens, we are seeing an increase of teenage mental health problems. Social media claims to be inclusive (包容的) keeping you connected. But it’s not. It isolates you from real people. Screens have even been described as being poisonous for teenagers.
Psychologist Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University, believes today’s teenagers are “on the edge” of a major mental health crisis and requests, “do anything that doesn’t connect with a screen”. The problem is, she claims, children born between 1995 and 2012 have grown up with a smart phone in their hands, and it has “changed every aspect” of their lives. The number of teenagers who really see their friends very often has dropped by more than 40%since 2000. In 2015, only 56%of 17-year-old went on a date, down from 85%. Modern teenagers are slower to learn to drive, or earn money and spend more time at home. They’re “on their phone, in their room, alone and often depressed”, she says.
Some critics ( 评论家), however, say we should encourage our children to spend more time online. Robert Hannigan, former director of GCHQ, said in August that Britain is badly short of engineers and computer scientists, and encouraged children to develop cyber skill to compete in the digital industry.
I’m not the first to say that social media is worsen than real human communication, and harms mental health. Studies show teens who spend three hours a day online are 35% more likely to suicide (自杀). The suicide rate among girls aged 12 to 14 has more than doubled in a decade.
1. Why does Jean Twenge call on teens to surf online less?A.Social media is inclusive and keeps them connected. |
B.Social media has changed every aspect of their lives. |
C.Social media does great harm to their eyesight. |
D.Social media is addictive and leads to mental problems. |
A.allow teens to isolate themselves from real social contact |
B.call on teens to do anything that doesn’t involve a screen |
C.urge children to contact people face to face instead of online |
D.encourage children to spend more time on the Internet |
A.Objective. | B.Disapproving. |
C.Doubtful. | D.Supportive. |
A.Teenagers looking for isolation using screens |
B.Social media causing teenagers health problems |
C.Teenagers’ heavy addiction to social media |
D.Different opinions on social media use |
10 . Recently, the “city walk” has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On social platform Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent.
A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. Unlike traditional sightseeing, which aims to hit famous attractions and commercial center, usually by vehicles with tense schedules, city walk is about “roaming” around a city on foot, soaking up the atmosphere and finding unusual things that even a resident of the city might not have noticed before. Such walks generally avoid famous scenic spots and shopping centers, and take you to places where you can have real interactions with the local people, eat at small but authentic restaurants, and gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city.
City walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are eager to engage with the city they are visiting or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers can better feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which indicates a deep cultural curiosity. For example, in Chongqing, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge.
The appeal of a city walk lies in the young generation’s changing attitude toward life — pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. While roaming along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your mental health. Just like Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”
1. What do the underlined words “gaining steam” in paragraph one probably mean?A.Raising concerns. | B.Getting outdated. | C.Causing trouble. | D.Receiving popularity. |
A.It pursues economical tourism. |
B.It is usually well-organized and scheduled. |
C.It helps promote the authentic food of the destination. |
D.It focuses on feeling the local culture by connecting the city. |
A.They are keen to buy souvenirs. |
B.They tend to walk as much as possible. |
C.They have strong curiosity about the local culture. |
D.They prefer the city landscape to the natural scenery. |
A.Why city walk changes people’s lifestyle. |
B.Why the young fall in love with a city walk. |
C.How popular the city walk is among citizens. |
D.What young people usually do during a city walk. |