1 . With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus. Though it may still take many months for a smoker's lungs to heal from damage caused by long-term smoking, your health can noticeably improve in the days and weeks after quitting in ways that could make a difference against the virus. Covid-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.

If you make the decision to quit, the cilia（纤毛）in your lungs are one of the first parts of your body to heal. These hair-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if they're not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs. Your body's tendency to cough during an infection helps inspire the bodily process of clearing out mucus. That's vital in fighting the Covid-19 condition. The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up.

A second short-term gain from quitting smoking comes from reducing ongoing inflammation（炎症）in your body, which can make you infect Covid-19 more easily. Having your lungs in as good of shape as you can in case of a corona virus infection is key.

Besides lung-related issues, quitting smoking can also deliver healthy benefits to the heart that could help prevent possible heart attacks, which are another cause of death in Covid-19 cases. After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.

1. What is the use of the lung cilia?

A．Cleaning up the lungs.	B．Killing the Covid-19 virus.
C．Predicting lung infections.	D．Reducing breathing difficulty.

2. Why are the old at higher risk to the corona virus?

A．They cannot go out during the pandemic.	B．There is too much mucus in their lungs.
C．Most of them are heavy smokers for years.	D．They are lacking in the care of their children.

3. What good does quitting smoking do to heart？

A．Strengthen the heart muscle.	B．Turn blood to be much thicker.
C．Make the blood flow smoother.	D．Speed the heartbeat up apparently.

4. What is the text mainly about？

A．Quitting smoking can help defend the Covid-19.

B．Ways to make a difference against corona viruses.

C．The Covid-19 virus is threatening humans worldwide.

D．Protecting the smokers' lungs to heal from damage.

2 . One of our worst nightmares as a parent is finding out that our teenager has started smoking or taking drugs. Usually our first reaction is to be angry, but most of us can remember what it was like when we were at school and just how powerful peer(同龄人) pressure can be. Once we are faced with such a case, we ought to be understanding and supportive and should try to help our children through the problems.

Many teenagers are attracted to drugs at some stage in their life and research shows that as many as 15% of all teenagers have tried drug taking of some sort during their young lives. Besides the usual peer pressure and the constant need to be "cool" or to have "fun", many teenagers are simply curious about the excitement or "high" they can achieve from taking drugs. That excitement is doubled by the simple fact that they are doing something illegal that we as parents would consider dangerous.

On a more serious note, they might be getting into drugs as an escape. Perhaps they are unhappy at school or there have been recent changes at home that may have unsettled them. In this case, drug taking can be more worrying as they may start to rely on it as a form of escapism and start to take drugs more regularly.

If you think your child might be smoking or taking drugs, it's best to deal with it straight away. It's easy to turn a blind eye and sweep the issues under the carpet in the hope that they'll gradually stop, but without your intervention(干预), the problem may not disappear.

1. When parents find their children are smoking or taking drugs, they should         .

A．talk about it with their teacher

B．punish them severely

C．help them out of the addiction

D．let them stay at home and not go to school

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why teenagers try taking drugs?

A．They are under great peer pressure.

B．They want to stay slim(保持苗条)

C．They think it is cool to take drugs.

D．They are unhappy at school.

3. What can be inferred from the text?

A．Children whose parents take drugs are more likely to take drugs.

B．Children are curious about things they should not do.

C．Most students are unhappy at school.

D．Children who take drugs will gradually stop themselves.

4. What does the underlined phrase, "sweep the issues under the" in the last paragraph mean?

A．To put off dealing with the matter.

B．To take quick action.

C．To persuade somebody patiently.

D．To punish somebody severely.

3 . Typically, a person sitting in the driver's seat of a car opens the door with the hand closest to it. It makes sense since doors are designed to be opened that way. Pull the handle(把手) and immediately the door is open. But if you happen to do that at the wrong time, you may create an obstacle(阻碍) for a passing cyclist without knowing it. Then the cyclist will be sent falling off the bike, and the car door is likely to be damaged by the fast-moving bicycle.

The car door design and long-time habits have made the process instinctual but clearly the solution is for the person getting out of the vehicle to check for traffic. Luckily, there's a simple way to solve the problem: the Dutch reach. In other words, instead of using your left hand, reach for the door latch(门锁) with your right hand. This will force you to turn your body and look into your side view mirror to see whether any car or bike is coming.

''It's just what Dutch people do,'' said Fred Wegman, the former managing director of the National Institute for Road Safety Research in the Netherlands. ''All the Dutch are taught it. It's part of regular driver education.''

The technique dates back about 50 or 60 years, and it was very popular between the 1960s and the 1980s. But it didn't really become known as the Dutch reach until American physician named Michael Charney started the Dutch Reach Project in 2016 in an effort to popularize the practice in the United States. According to The Times, he was motivated by the death of a 27-year-old who rode into an open car door and died just five blocks from his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Charney's efforts may be paying off. Both Massachusetts and Illinois now include the Dutch reach in their drivers’ manuals(手册).

1. What is the first paragraph intended to show?

A．The poor design of the car door and handle.

B．A common conflict between cars and bicycles.

C．A main cause of traffic accidents related to cyclists.

D．Possible risks connected with opening the car door.

2. What does the underlined word ''instinctual'' in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Difficult	B．Possible
C．Natural	D．Dangerous

3. How does the Dutch reach help to reduce traffic accidents?

A．By making the person open the car door more easily.

B．By forcing the person to check for approaching traffic.

C．By reminding the person of the traffic lights frequently.

D．By helping the person see the side view mirror more clearly.

4. What made Charney introduce the Dutch reach into America?

A．Its popularity among Dutch people.

B．Its appearance in drivers’ manuals.

C．A project started in the year 2016.

D．The death caused by a traffic accident.

4 . The college schedule is very different from the traditional high school schedule.     1     In high school, you had to take the US History, which was offered every day at 10:00 a.m. In college, you’ll probably need to take a history class, but you could have 10 choices offered on different days and at different times.

    2     For example, you will pick a course that will determine the types of classes you will specialize in. In high school, you have a set curriculum of classes you have to take across all subject areas.     3     During the first two years, you’ll take more general education classes. But during your junior and senior years, you’ll take fewer general education classes.

Another big difference you should be aware of is classes. Now, you’re in school from 7:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m., Monday through Friday.     4     In college, you might have a science class on Mondays and Fridays from 10:10-11:00 a.m. Perhaps you’ll have a Chinese class on Thursdays from 1:15-3:00 p.m.

    5     If you go to a large university, your campus will be your home and might take up an entire town. You might see hundreds of students going out to bars every night. Many colleges are home both to academic and social clubs. In high school your stage is regional. In college, your stage is national-and sometimes global.

A．This will not be the case in college.

B．In college, think about your schedule as a pyramid.

C．Some things will appear similar, but many will be different.

D．Typically, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes.

E．The differences will challenge your self-management as much as your abilities.

F．The atmosphere and social life in college are also different from those in high school.

G．The other cool thing is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests.

5 . In 1848 gold was found in California. Thousands of people rushed there to get some. Many people liked living there. But there wasn’t a whole lot between California (CA) and Missouri (MO), where the nearest trains ran. The train line to California wasn’t finished until 1869.

In I860 and 1861, the Pony Express was the fastest way to get news to and from the West. The trail that they rode was around 2000 miles long. It took most people weeks or months to ride that far. The Pony Express could make the trip in just ten days. Those speeds were unheard of at the time. So how did they do it? Well, they had a good system.

The Pony Express had 184 stations along the trail. The stations were around ten miles apart. This is about how far a horse could run at a gallop (疾驰) before tiring. The rider would switch to a new horse at each station. He would only take his mail pouch (邮袋) with him. Every 75-100 miles, the rider would get to a home station. At each home station, riders would rest. The mail never stopped moving, even while the horses and riders rested.

It was tough to ride for the Pony Express. Each rider had to weigh less than 125 pounds. Speed was the key. Most of the riders were teenage boys. They rode at a fast pace for up to 100 miles a day. If there were an emergency, one might have to ride 200 miles in a day.

The Pony Express filled an important role for a time, but it did not last. The Civil War started in April of 1861. On October 24th, 1861, the first telegraph line to California was finished. This linked them to the rest of the country. People could send messages in an instant. Two days later the Pony Express closed.

1. Which happened first?

A．The Pony Express was started.	B．The American Civil War broke out.
C．The train line to California was finished.	D．Settlers rushed to California to find gold.

2. How long did it take the Pony Express to send mail from CA to MO?

A．About 24 hours.	B．About ten days.
C．About twenty days.	D．About one month.

3. What would a rider do at the home station?

A．Give his mail to a new rider.	B．Rest a while and go on riding.
C．Collect new mail for customers.	D．Feed the horse and check the mail.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To prove communication industry develops rapidly.

B．To explain why horses were used to deliver mail.

C．To describe the I860 - 1861E Fastest Mail Service.

D．To tell the brave stories of the Pony Express.

6 . If one more person talks about the benefits of mindfulness, I will throw cabbage at them. Just kidding. But I do have lots of cabbage happily rotting away in my, kitchen thanks to the wellness obsession(着迷) that failed to keep my attention. This is a symptom of a phenomenon known as “wellness tiredness”.

Wellness is seriously big business with a worth of $3.72 trillion and a healthy annual growth of 14 percent. To satisfy this consuming desire, brands of super foods and various exercise classes crowd in. “The problem with all this constantly changing information on what to eat or which exercise class to take is that people begin to form distorted(扭曲的) mindsets towards the idea of a healthy lifestyle,” explains Dr Bijal, a psychologist at Nightingale Hospital. “The least harmful result of a distorted mindset will be confusion. The most harmful would be serious physical and mental disorders like extreme dieting or over-exercising.”

It’s little wonder that many people are beginning to reject the idea of wellness and the lifestyle it advocates. “I can’t tell you the number of wellness accounts I’ve unfollowed on Instagram,” one fitness-enthusiast friend tells me. When I ask her why, she tells me that the public pursuit(追求) of wellness has reached “the eye-roll stage”. Meanwhile, sales of fitness trackers and wearable wellness things have dropped sharply.

Speaking of gym culture, which offers classes like Hula Hoop and Yoga, it’s also beginning to show signs that people are returning to more conventional forms of exercise-some that wouldn’t look out of place on a school timetable.

The whole point of wellness is that it should become such an everyday thing that you forget about seeking it. Living a healthy lifestyle becomes a given rather than something singled out as impressive and worth applauding. Now, more people are starting to cycle to and from work, swim on lunch breaks and even try to buy old school exercise bikes.

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．The wellness business costs people a great deal of money.

B．People are faced with too many food and exercise choices.

C．Distorted mindsets to wellness cause harmful consequences.

D．The wellness industry has been developing at a steady speed.

2. Why is the author’s friend mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．To inform us wearable wellness things are not popular.

B．To advocate the idea of wellness and a healthy lifestyle.

C．To tell us that online wellness accounts are hard to follow.

D．To show the public’s unfavorable attitude to wellness obsession.

3. Why are people starting to return to traditional forms of exercise?

A．Sports such as cycling are more impressive.

B．People are treating wellness as an everyday thing.

C．Classes like Hula Hoop and Yoga are too expensive.

D．People have come to know wellness is not so necessary.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text r?

A．The Importance of Living a Healthy Lifestyle

B．Are You Suffering from Wellness Tiredness?

C．The Benefits of Mindfulness in Wellness Industry

D．What is the Real Meaning of Wellness Obsession?

7 . A group of sweaty kids ran around a field last week at Total Soccer Arena in Landover, Maryland. They talked in English,but also in Pashto, Arabic and other languages.

What made them different is that all of the kids are refugees(难民). They were playing as part of a camp that gives them a chance to develop their soccer skills and to meet other kids who had to start their lives over in the United States. The camp is run by an organization called LACES, which stands for Life and Change Experienced through Sports. The group uses soccer to help bring together communities that have experienced hardships.

SerenFryatt, 38, got the idea for LACES while playing on a women's soccer team in Liberia,an African country that had been at war with itself for 14 years. Fryatt, who's from Muncie, Indiana,saw that soccer brought joy to the Liberian women on her team,even though their lives off the field were very difficult. After starting a soccer program for kids in Liberia,she decided to start a similar camp in Maryland,where she moved in 2015. Coaches volunteer their time, and the costs are paid mostly by donations(捐赠). This year, 95 kids signed up.

The camp, for ages 9 to 14, is split(分组) between training that helps kids develop skills, such as passing and ball control, and meeting where they discuss life skills. One of the coaches, Louisa Pitney, said she likes seeing how the kids grow just from being together.

At the end of the camp's last day, all the kids gathered in the middle of the field. Fryatt asked them to raise their hands and say what they had learned that week. Some kids talked about soccer skills-one girl said she'd learned not to use her hands; a boy said he'd learned how to score a goal.

When a coach called on one shy girl, she smiled before answering in a soft voice.

“Celebrate each other, "she said.

1. What was special about the kids in the field?

A．They couldn't speak English.

B．They had faced hardships.

C．They hadn't been to America before.

D．They were attending an international soccer match.

2. What do we know about the soccer camp?

A．It gives coaches great pay.

B．It was started for girls only.

C．It was organized in Liberia first.

D．It teaches life lessons as well as soccer skills.

3. What encouraged SerenFryatt to set up LACES?

A．A soccer program for kids.

B．The long-term war in Liberia.

C．A women's soccer team in Liberia.

D．Coaches’ volunteer work.

4. What did the shy girl get from the soccer camp?

A．How to work with others.

B．How to speak in public.

C．How to make friends.

D．How to praise others.

8 . Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate who asks to go to lunch with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection (拒绝) should not include an apology. In other words, saying you are sorry does not make the person being rejected feel any better. In fact, it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is surprising. Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they turn down a request.

Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different examples of social rejection. In one example, the researchers asked people for their reaction (反应）after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor offered an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were sorry. People were asked how they would feel if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more hurt by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology.

Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like they need to say that the rejection was okay— even when they felt like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of disappointment, hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person doing the rejection feel better—even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse.

Her research deals only with social communication. A business situation might be very different. “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies may be different.”

1. Why do people say they are sorry when they express rejection?

A．Because they think it is more polite.

B．Because they think it helps them express their dislike better.

C．Because they think apologies are the basis of communication.

D．Because they think it sounds more comfortable for the listener.

2. In Gili Freedman’s research, over 1,000 people ________.

A．rejected others without an apology

B．offered an apology when rejecting others

C．would be more hurt by a rejection with an apology

D．were asked to answer the question in different situations

3. What role does an apology play in rejection?

A．It makes the rejection more acceptable.

B．It makes a good impression on the listener.

C．It makes the communication more pleasant.

D．It makes the person doing the rejecting feel better.

4. What will be mentioned next according to the last paragraph?

A．The effect of an apology during a rejection.

B．Gili Freedman’s research on business situations.

C．A rejection with an apology in a business situation.

D．The difference between a social situation and a business one.

9 . “I think I’m nothing more than a dead fish.” “I don’t want to do anything.” “I’m so beat and so sad.”…The young generation in our country used to enjoy their “happy culture” but now they have become “beat and sad” slowly and secretly. Some people even called it “the beat culture”. The “Beat” youths don’t want to do anything. They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed so that they only want to live an aimless life. The “Ge You slouch (葛优瘫)” and the song I feel like having been drained are the examples.

Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence. This is really a kind gesture. However, we don’t have to worry too much about this “beat culture.” In fact, it’s not a negative thing. “Beat” never means despair, but a way of self-mockery(自嘲)and pressure relief.

In general, the youths in China are not “beat”. According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold positive attitude towards the future. 29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because “as long as you work hard, you can have your own day”. Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and computer. Compared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic (悲观的).

Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of “the Beat Culture”. As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never met before. Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get hold of the young people. Without proper care, they could threaten our mentality and cause many social problems. These problems probably need our attention more.

1. “The Beat culture” includes the following examples except that _______

A．the young generation don’t feel like doing anything.

B．the young generation consider themselves dead fish.

C．the young generation in big cities are facing new challenges.

D．the young generation enjoy the song I feel like having been drained.

2. Which word has the most similar meaning with “decadence” in Paragraph2?

A．loneliness	B．laziness
C．sufferings	D．pessimism

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Most people believe that with hard work, people can have their own day.

B．These days, young people suffer much more loneliness than their parents.

C．Chinese youths are more negative than young people in developed countries.

D．Social development does bring some pressure to the younger generation.

4. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．The Chinese youths are not the beat generation.

B．How does “the Beat Culture” affect the Chinese youth.

C．“The Beat Culture” is positive to Chinese youngsters.

D．“The Beat culture” is popular among the Chinese youngsters.

10 . With all the recent concern about the environment，people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They’ve been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife. org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.

National Geographic Society (NGS)

National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they’ ve been around since 1888. focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website nationalgeographic.com，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.

National Wildlife Federation (NWF)

Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.

Ecology Fund, com

Set up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn’t donate any money—all you have to do is click.

1. Which environmental organization has the longest history?

A．Ecology Fund. com.	B．World Wildlife Fund.
C．National Geographic Society.	D．National Wildlife Federation.

2. What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?

A．Knowledge.

B．Management.

C．Money.

D．Patience.

3. In what way does EcologyFund.com differ from the other three organizations?

A．The size of networks.	B．The way of operation.
C．The strength of influence.	D．The degree of popularity.