1 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Any Problem with New Job Titles?

CEO, marketing director, lead writer, sales associate… Employees’ roles have generally been defined with these straightforward terms. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority and make sense to employees and employers alike. But now new titles are found in the changing world of work. Fancy but unclear labels like “chief visionary officer” or “business development guru” come into our view, making the traditional system seem rigid. Will there be problems?

In general, traditional job titles are clear and indicative of the employee’s seniority and responsibilities. For example, it’s largely accepted that assistants are below associates, who are below directors, who are below vice (副的) presidents, who are below CEOs. But these new job titles are meaningless outside an organization, at least in some people’s view. A recruiter (招聘人员) may not be able to identify the right candidates based on their previous working experience. Besides, having an extremely uncommon word in a title may give a job hunter difficulty in explaining his past job to future recruiters, according to Adrjan, director of an economic research. That means both employees and employers could suffer.

Yet, from another perspective, altered job titles can help make an employee feel more valued and better empowered in a company. “They massively boost your confidence,” says Hughes, who works as “head of hype and culture” at an advertising agency. “They put faith in your competence, creating an environment in which you can grow and develop.” And from the companies’ standpoint, they want to convey the message that they are trying to treat their staff in a more respectful way. For example, if they use “people” instead of “human resources” in a title, they signal that they value individuals as customers and partners rather than resources to exploit.

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3 .

A．To turn in the report.	B．To look for a better typist.
C．To type for the woman.	D．To take the report to a typist.

4 . In order to hold weight, a recommendation letter should come from a respected source. You would be a wonderful fit if you worked with the candidate in a supervisory position, say, a manager or boss of some sort, for an employer always wants a professional reference. Occasionally, letters from a colleague, a friend, neighbor, or family member will also do. And what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective?

#1: Explaining Your Qualification

In the first paragraph, you should explain who you are, how you know the candidate and how long you worked with him. In this way, you are showing that you’re much qualified to give an honest assessment. Strong letters give positive descriptions of your qualifications in a concise and powerful way, which creates a professional and trustworthy image of you.

#2: Being Customized to the New Position

While you should speak to the candidate’s accomplishments in his past role, you should also show why he’d make a good fit in the next one. You should explain why he has the desired ability to do the job well, and attach the greatest importance to this, even if the candidate’s making a career change. The candidate should provide you with everything you need to know to customize your letter. By drawing on this information, you can express confidence that the candidate will succeed in the new role. Then when the hiring manager reads your letter, he’ll feel reassured that the candidate would make a good fit.

#3: Using Specific Examples

Finally, your letter should provide specific examples about the candidate. Don’t just list adjectives like, “friendly, intelligent, and hard-working”; instead, present circumstances in which the candidate demonstrated those qualities. Not only will examples point to the value the candidate brought to your organization or company, but they’ll also paint a picture of how he works in day-to-day operations. Using two to three specific examples in your letter will boost its level of persuasiveness.

1. Who are the intended readers of this passage?

A．Assessors.

B．Employers.

C．Candidates.

D．Recommenders.

2. According to the passage, a candidate’s ______ is usually the most suitable to write a recommendation letter.

A．powerful friend	B．supervisory manager
C．respected neighbor	D．trustworthy colleague

3. What should a writer put emphasis on in a recommendation letter?

A．Presenting the reader with the candidate’s ability.

B．Exhibiting his knowledge about the new industry.

C．Customizing the letter with eye-catching drawings.

D．Showing the candidate’s intelligence with examples.

5 .

A．He didn’t behave himself at school.	B．He won’t graduate this summer.
C．He is too young to run a company.	D．He puts his knowledge into use.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．Neighbors.

B．Colleagues.

C．Relatives.

D．Schoolmates.

2.

A．Producing fruits.	B．Wrapping vegetables.
C．Cutting grass.	D．Cleaning leaves.

3.

A．Enjoyable sometimes.	B．Nice all along.
C．Meaningless at times.	D．Hard all the time.

4.

A．High tuition the speakers are loaded with.

B．Part-time jobs the speakers are taking now.

C．Reasons why the speakers take part-time jobs.

D．Weaknesses the speakers think part-time jobs have.

9 .

A．To read the essay out.	B．To polish his ideas.
C．To work out an outline.	D．To order cosmetics.

10 . Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been________for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and________could provide information for________generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such________were observers rather than researchers.

In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled________to explore ancients sites. Digs that are still________began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1754to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字).________, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and school didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19^th century. The term itself was________in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiques (古物)”. One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany，who in the late 1800s________the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.

Today，archaeologists uncover the past in many different________, including deserts and jungles，at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites________to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people—their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more________settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners________. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about________ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are________history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.

1.

A．advancing

B．changing

C．digging

D．evolving

2.

A．books

B．history

C．ruins

D．science

3.

A．lost

B．later

C．older

D．several

4.

A．inventors

B．scholars

C．visitors

D．writers

5.

A．extensively

B．nationwide

C．regularly

D．together

6.

A．in progress

B．in good condition

C．on display

D．out of control

7.

A．Besides

B．However

C．Instead

D．Meanwhile

8.

A．coined

B．considered

C．recognized

D．used

9.

A．created

B．developed

C．established

D．investigated

10.

A．countries

B．fields

C．locations

D．ways

11.

A．certain

B．likely

C．ready

D．necessary

12.

A．honorable

B．peaceful

C．rural

D．recent

13.

A．gave away

B．gave off

C．left behind

D．left out

14.

A．choosing

B．examining

C．studying

D．protecting

15.

A．aware of

B．fed up with

C．ignorant of

D．familiar with