1 . Your colleague is the first one in and the last one to leave. They volunteer to take on every additional task that comes your team’s way and they respond to emails within minutes. They’re working all the time, whether from the office or from home.     1    

Dealing with a workaholic colleague can be challenging, but there are steps you can take to ease the negative effects of their behavior on yourself and your team.

Depersonalize their actions.

While it’s tempting to assume that your colleague is overworking in an attempt to outshine you, this is a classic example of a cognitive bias (偏差). In social psychology, this refers to the tendency humans have to owe another person’s actions to their character or personality, while crediting our own behavior to external or situational factors that are outside our control.     2     Debias (消除偏见) your thinking by considering other reasons for their behavior.

Resist peer pressure.

    3     You may start comparing your capacity and output to theirs and wonder, “Am I really working hard enough?” Before you begin overextending yourself in an effort to “catch up”, mind your mindset and be aware of extremist thinking. Taking time off for self-care isn’t indulgent (纵容的), rather it’s a precondition for your performance.

    4    

Workaholics tend to have few boundaries. You’ll need to play defense by managing their expectations around your response times and availability. Let’s say your colleague asks you to turn around a project brief in less than 24 hours. You can push back and explain, “That’s not possible. If you have this sort of task in the future, I’ll need at least a three day’s notice to work it into my schedule.” You might also advocate for better systems and processes that remove the need for excess effort.

Finally, remember to adjust your perspective on productivity. While it may be tempting to evaluate your daily success based on the number of hours you work, it’s the quality of work you deliver that matters most.     5    

A．Set boundaries.

B．Make lifestyle adjustments.

C．In short, you’re dealing with a workaholic, or a work enthusiast.

D．The workaholic’s behavior can affect our well-being for the worst.

E．Being good at your job doesn’t mean working more but producing results.

F．Guilt can make it easy for you to fall into the same patterns as your colleague.

G．In other words, your colleague is probably not overworking to frighten or exceed you.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese netizens are passionately discussing the “Kong Yiji mindset,”     1     term inspired by an influential figure in modern Chinese literature and used to refer to college     2     (graduate) who consider themselves above manual labor.

    3    (set) a few years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the story starts with Kong Yiji being ridiculed by the working-class customers in the tavern he frequents for continuing to wear his long scholar’s gown, even though he never passed the imperial exam     4     could have landed him a decent job back in the past.

As The Paper, a Chinese media company based in Shanghai, writes, “Kong Yiji would rather steal than do     5     he considers a menial job(粗活)just to make money. This is relatable in the eyes of some, who think their academic qualifications didn’t lead to the job they wanted or deserved.”

The related term, “Kong Yiji mindset,” refers to those who see Kong in     6     (they) as they face the pressures of a job market that can’t keep up with the record-breaking number of college graduates. Kong is a     7     (sympathy) figure to some recent college graduates whose reality is not living up to expectations.

Some netizens are concerned that education itself may one day be seen as superfluous (多余的). “When we were young, we     8     (tell) to study hard, and when we grew up, we would become astronauts and scientists,” a Weibo user commented. “Now it has become study hard to screw screws, to be a cleaner, to collect junk. It’s not that I look down on those professions—every profession is respectable—     9     it is strange that the wind is blowing in this direction.”

In recent years, China has been pushing to expand vocational education as a means to solve the surplus of college graduates. However, the transition remains challenging as the prejudices     10    blue-collar jobs lingers.

3 . Li Jianguo, a 49-year-old teacher at the Tianjin Vocational Institute, is set to be named as one of the “2022 most beautiful teachers” — an annual public award sponsored by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the Ministry of Education.

Li has stood out by taking the lead in the training of students in vocational skills, gaining a number of honors including being named a national role model teacher. He has mentored seven national-level technique experts and a team of 14 technique “masters”. One of his students, Guo Jinpeng, who graduated from the institute in 2007, became a college teacher at the Chengdu Auto Vocational and Technical School and was named a national role model teacher in 2019.

Li’s nomination as one of the “most beautiful teachers” reflects that China is focusing on the importance of vocational education and aims to foster more leading personnel with the spirit of craftsmanship in the manufacturing industry.

At an international vocational and technical education conference in Tianjin last month, Li noted that there is no difference between vocational education and ordinary education, and “vocational education is not “secondary” nor should it ever be treated as less than ordinary education”. “Vocational education has the mission of fostering a quality workforce and technical experts for the country. The hardworking spirit is the key to building any ordinary people into leading personnel,” he said.

Li joined the institute in 1993 and later founded a machinery engineering practice center, providing free training to 7,500 people a week. In 2015, he led a team of teachers to work for 40 days to renovate 124 machine tools in the center. Li has devoted himself to building the country’s first additive manufacturing technique and application center at the institute to satisfy the thirst for the country’s human resources in 3D printing.

1. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．China Sponsoring Annual Award for Teachers

B．China Aiming to Develop More Leading Personnel

C．Vocational Teacher to Be Awarded as “Most Beautiful Teachers”

D．Different Education Training Different Kinds of Students

2. Why does the author mention Guo Jinpeng in paragraph 2?

A．To make a comparison with Li Jianguo.	B．To show the achievements of Li Jianguo.
C．To praise national-level technique experts.	D．To publicize national role model teachers.

3. What is Li’s opinion about vocational education?

A．It is a good way of winning awards.	B．It is not as good as ordinary education.
C．It should develop qualified and skilled talent.	D．It has nothing to do with hardworking spirit.

4. Which of the following best describes Li’s job at the institute?

A．Boring.

B．Well-paid.

C．Difficult.

D．Creative.

4 . Is loyalty in the workplace dead?

Just recently, Lynda Gratton, a workplace expert, proclaimed that it was. In The Financial Times, she said that it had been “killed off through _________ contracts, outsourcing, automation and multiple careers.”

It’s sad if this good virtue is now out of place in the business world. But the situation may be more _________. Depending on how you _________ it, loyalty may not be dead, but is just playing out differently.

Fifty years ago, an employee could stay at the same company for decades, said Tammy Erickson, an author and work-force consultant. Many were _________ longtime employment along with health care and a pension.

Now many companies cannot or will not hold up their end of the bargain, so why should the employees hold up theirs? Given the opportunity, they’ll take their skills and their portable retirement accounts elsewhere. These days, Ms. Gratton writes, _________ is more important than loyalty: “Loyalty is about the future - trust is about the present.”

Ms. Erickson says that the quid pro quo (交换物，报酬) of modern employment is more likely to be: As long as I work for you, I promise to have the relevant skills and _________ fully in my work; in return you’ll pay me _________, but I don’t expect you to care for me when I’m 110.

For some baby boomers, this _________ has been hard to accept. Many started their careers _________ that they would be rewarded based on tenure (任职).

A longtime employee who is also productive and motivated is of enormous value, said Cathy Benko, chief talent officer at Deloitte. On the other hand, she said, “You can be with a company a long time and not be highly committed.”

Ms. Benko has seen her company shift its ____________ to employees’ level of engagement - or “the level at which people are motivated to deliver their best work” - rather than length of tenure.

Then there are the effects of the recent recession. Many people - if they haven’t been ____________- have stayed in jobs because they feel they have no choice. Employers may need to prepare for disruptions and turnover when the job market improves.

If the pendulum(摇摆不定的事态或局面) shifts, how will businesses persuade their best employees to stay? ____________ may do the trick, but not always. Especially with younger people, “you’re not going to buy extra loyalty with extra money,” Ms. Erickson said. ____________, employers need to make jobs more challenging and give workers more creative space, she said.

Loyalty may not be what it once was, but most companies will still be better off with at least a core of people who stay with them across decades.

If loyalty is seen as a ____________ to keep workers of all ages fulfilled, productive and involved, it can continue to be cultivated in the workplace - to the ____________ of both employer and employee.

1.

A．tightening

B．lengthening

C．shortening

D．loosening

2.

A．complicated

B．confused

C．difficult

D．conservative

3.

A．confine

B．convince

C．identify

D．define

4.

A．guaranteed

B．provided

C．supplemented

D．rewarded

5.

A．belief

B．trust

C．confidence

D．tolerance

6.

A．occupy

B．engage

C．sacrifice

D．involve

7.

A．rightly

B．immediately

C．exactly

D．fairly

8.

A．difference

B．exchange

C．shift

D．modification

9.

A．assuming

B．ensuring

C．assuring

D．approving

10.

A．focus

B．mind

C．faith

D．importance

11.

A．laid off

B．employed

C．valued

D．supported

12.

A．Salary

B．Money

C．Loyalty

D．Credit

13.

A．However

B．Rather

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

14.

A．promise

B．compliment

C．commitment

D．command

15.

A．interest

B．sake

C．disadvantage

D．benefit

5 . “I was not exceptional at all,” Claudia Goldin once told me of her time as an economics PhD student at the University of Chicago. But as the course progressed, she said, “I felt like lightbulbs were going on in my head.” On October 9 the brightness of those lights was confirmed, as she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes”.

Goldin found men relatively dull, at least as a topic of study. Their labour was uniform compared to that of women, who might switch between caring for children, toiling (辛苦工作) in the family businesses or sweating somewhere else. But this complexity was harder to measure. According to America’s historical statistics, for example, their occupation was often unhelpfully listed as “wife”. So Goldin set out to measure their work properly.

The standard pattern of development was once that as countries got richer, women were pulled into the labour market. But by painstakingly stitching together different data sets, Goldin established that America’s path was more complicated, and that growth in the 1800s coincided with women moving away from work other than domestic labour.

Why? For a start, factory jobs were harder to combine with childcare than, say, sewing at home. And richer families could afford to spare women the indignity of toil. Goldin argued that stigma (污名) reinforced this, or the idea that “only a husband who is lazy and neglectful of his family would allow his wife to do such labour.” Later the stigma faded — the office clerk job of the 20th century was easier, and consistent with the impression of a supportive spouse. With the arrival of tight labour markets in the 1950s, discriminatory policies against hiring married women were virtually abandoned.

Today, women still work and earn less than men. As social norms have shifted and real barriers have fallen, Goldin says that most of the remaining gender gaps facing college-educated women are due to something else. So-called “greedy jobs” reward round-the-clock work and are conflicting with being on call for children. Perhaps men should also share the family burden and allow their partners to be more professionally involved instead.

1. How does Claudia Goldin find women’s domestic labour?

A．Complicated to understand.	B．Tricky to assess.
C．Less changeable than men’s work.	D．More valuable than men’s career.

2. Which of the following is the case for American women in the 1800s?

A．They took an active part in workforce.

B．They were comfortable enough not to work.

C．They stood a good chance in office jobs.

D．They were still stuck in household chores.

3. Why does the author mention “greedy jobs” in paragraph 5?

A．To explain the current gender gaps.

B．To introduce the employee reward system.

C．To call on men to stay at home.

D．To expose the greedy nature of capitalists.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Gender Pay Gap Research Wins the Nobel Prize in Economics

B．How Goldin Transformed Our Understanding of Women’s Work

C．Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equality

D．Do Greedy Jobs Cause the Gender Pay Inequality

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you have not heard of Yangshi Lei, the     1    (honour) name of the Lei family responsible for imperial architecture during the Qing Dynasty, then you have missed an important detail about the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan Garden.

All the above great cultural relics and popular tourist attractions have been included on UNESCO’s World Heritage List,     2     surprisingly enough, they are all designed by the Lei family.     3     (represent) the great achievements of science and technology in ancient China, their architectural practice covered a wide range of city planning, imperial palaces, gardens, temples, princes’ residences and schools.

Yangshi    4     (refer) to architect or architecture in Chinese. Yangshifang, the then government authority similar to the National Architecture Design Institute today, was in charge of site     5     (select), design and construction of imperial architectures.

    6     (amaze), eight generations of the Lei family were appointed director of Yangshifang consecutively from 1662 to 1911.

With so many architectural    7     (work) on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List, the Lei Family is    8     unique phenomenon in the architectural history throughout the world. Apart from the grand architectures, China has another treasure left by the Lei family - design drafts. In the National Library of China alone, there     9     (be) up to 20,000 architectural design drafts, each of     10     plays an important role in the research of the history of the Qing Dynasty and how architecture developed at the time.

7 . 13-year-old Ava Dorsey is the founder of Ava’s Pet Palace, a business that sells organic dog and cat treats.“I actually had the idea when I was six with a picture I drew of a palace,”she says.It was a detailed design for dogs and cats and she had serious plans to build it one day.

Unlike most dog treats that you find in stores, dog treats sold by Ava’s Pet Palace are 100% organic, and are non-GMO(非转基因). Ava has set a goal for herself with these dog treats, and she wants every treat to be healthy, tasty, and top-quality. Seriously, some of her treats sound delicious enough for people to eat! “All of my bags now have the USDA organic stamp, and we're very excited to have gotten it because it's something I've wanted for a long time,”she says.“A lot of stores like to see organic products because customers like it, so that was really exciting.”

Ava says the biggest challenge of being a kid in business is when people don't take her seriously, but undoubtedly Ava has proved that her doubters are wrong! When asked how she defines(定义) success, Ava says,“When you hit a bump in the road, you shouldn't give up and you keep trying.”She learned that from her mom, who sounds like a smart lady! Some more things Ava has learned from her years in business: Hard work eventually pays off and there is nothing wrong with asking for help.

As far as the future of the pet treats industry goes, Ava is optimistic——but she’d also like to be an inspiration for change.“There’s not much diversity(多样性) right now, so that’s something I would love to see in the future,”says Ava.“I would also love to see more kids in this industry.There aren't many other teenagers around, and I hope that I can be an inspiration to others who hope to lead the pet industry.”

1. What can we learn about Ava’s Pet Palace from the first two paragraphs?

A．It is a palace for pets.	B．It is very popular among kids.
C．It sells organic pet food.	D．It designs stamps for customers.

2. What does“hit a bump in the road”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Drive on a stone road.	B．Escape a setback in business.
C．Face a challenging situation.	D．Encounter an unexpected opportunity.

3. What can be inferred about Ava’s future goals?

A．She plans to enlarge her business in other industries.

B．She wants to employ more teenagers in her company.

C．She intends to be a leading figure in the pet industry.

D．She hopes to break new ground in the pet treats industry.

4. Which of the following best describes Ava?

A．Patient and hard-working.	B．Determined and creative.
C．Confident and humorous.	D．Friendly and outgoing.

8 . The pandemic has given a big push to all forms of digital communication. A workplace dominated by time on screens may seem bound to favor newer, faster and more visual ways of transmitting information. But an old form of communication — writing — is also flourishing (蓬勃).

The value of writing is highly valued in management thinking. “The discipline of writing something down is the first step towards making it happen, ” said Lee Iacocca, a giant of the American car industry. Jeff Bezos banned slides from meetings of senior Amazon executives (主管) back in 2004, in favor of well-structured memos (备忘录).

The move to remote working has strengthened the value of writing. When tasks are being handed off to colleagues in other locations, comprehensive documentation is crucial. When new employees start work on something, they want the back story. When old hands depart an organization, they should leave knowledge behind.

Software developers have already worked out the value of the written words. A research programme from Google into the ingredients of successful technology projects found that teams with high quality documentation deliver software faster and more reliably. Gitlab, a code hosting platform whose workforce is wholly remote, describes its secret of success as “textual communication”.

The deep thought and the discipline required by writing are helpful in other contexts, too. “Brain writing“ is a brain storming technique, used by Slack among others, in which participants are given time to put down their ideas before discussion begins.

Writing is not always the best way to communicate in the workplace. Video is more memorable; a phone call is quicker; even PowerPoint has its place. But for the structured thought it demands, and the ease with which it can be shared and edited, the written words are made for remote work and will flourish in the post-pandemic workplace.

1. Why are Lee Iacocca and Jeff Bezos mentioned in paragraph 2?

A．To support an idea.

B．To introduce a topic.

C．To draw a conclusion.

D．To make a comment.

2. Which of the following demonstrates the power of writing?

A．The tasks are handed over quickly by telephone.

B．An expert colleague gives an experience-sharing lecture.

C．The new comer broadens his company knowledge through the Internet.

D．A code hosting platform succeeds mainly by textual communication.

3. What is the author’s tone in the last paragraph?

A．Doubtful.

B．Objective.

C．Grateful.

D．Humorous.

4. What is the most suitable title for the text?

A．A phone call or a letter? Think twice

B．Video conference will fade away in new situations

C．Writing will flourish in the post-pandemic workplace

D．Digital information or written messages? It depends

9 . Gail Rodgers, a grandma of three, has become a lifeguard at her local pool. Seeing her local pool couldn’t ________ due to a lifeguard shortage, the 66 year old woman decided that her ________ wouldn’t get in the way while helping her community. “I did this lifeguard thing back in the late ‘60s’.________ , I thought I can do this again,’’ she said.

Rodgers, ________ in the late 1960s, said she had to learn new skills. Jeff Blume, president of Cincinnati Pool Management and Rodgers’ boss, also admitted that the physical examination is ________. “Lifeguard candidates have to swim a 300 yard length, and then submerge (潜入水中) and grab a 10-pound brick off the bottom of the pool,” Blume explained.

Through great ________, Rodgers became a part time lifeguard.   “It’s been fun ________ people enjoying the nice weather in the pool. It’s been more ________ than I expected to be,” Rodgers said. Her boss said it has also been a joy to have her on their team.

Blume noted that fear can ________ a lot of people and he’s glad that Rodgers is such a(n) ________ for being courageous. “I think there’s a ________ of ‘I can’t do this’ or ‘That’s not for me. That’s for the young’ or something like that. So, there’s a lot to ________, but if people want to do it, we could help them with the skills and give them a little bit more of a________ before they actually take the class. If people ________ that is an option, I think they might not look at the skills test as a tall mountain to get over.”   They hope more people are inspired to ________ life-guarding as the country continues to face lifeguard shortages.

1.

A．spread

B．decrease

C．operate

D．change

2.

A．gender

B．age

C．behaviour

D．character

3.

A．However

B．Besides

C．Otherwise

D．Therefore

4.

A．trained

B．employed

C．identified

D．replaced

5.

A．fair

B．severe

C．brief

D．practical

6.

A．opportunities

B．achievements

C．efforts

D．choices

7.

A．keeping

B．catching

C．imagining

D．watching

8.

A．pleasant

B．convenient

C．effective

D．significant

9.

A．strike

B．control

C．threaten

D．restrict

10.

A．creation

B．inspiration

C．attraction

D．motivation

11.

A．horror

B．loss

C．relief

D．guilt

12.

A．doubt

B．deny

C．overcome

D．ignore

13.

A．reward

B．boost

C．try

D．taste

14.

A．complain

B．ensure

C．predict

D．recognize

15.

A．take up

B．make up

C．end up

D．pull up

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you ask Chinese young people today what their dream job is, they may answer with    1    number of new occupations you have probably never heard of before, such as virtual artist, shopping assistant or sleep hotline operator. Besides being relatively new, these jobs give people much    2    (flexible)to enjoy life’s many other pursuits.

Jobs like package delivery people    3    (be)all new and unfamiliar to job hunters dozens of years ago, but now have become common. The same will happen with these new professions.

“I didn’t realize I had such potential    4    my friends once randomly mentioned that my voice was really good for doing ASMR(自发性知觉经络反应),” said Mingo, who tries to help clients fall asleep. “I think this job suits me because I’m really into sociology and I like to listen to people’s stories. It has developed my ability    5    (understand)people’s problems and find the root cause behind them.”

Li Xiaorong, 35, who struggled at a traditional Internet company, found new life as a professional organizer    6    helps get people s homes in perfect order. When    7    (face)rooms containing thousands of things messily stacked in piles, Li is able to    8    (rapid)come up with an organization plan and, after a few days, these messy rooms become    9    (organize), giving the entire apartment a completely new look.

The trend toward flexible employment has broadened the possibilities for young people to achieve work-life balance and also fits in    10    their view toward what makes a successful career.