1 . If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building. The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. This type of drawing is called drafting and is done by people called draftsmen.
Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices’ work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade. Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people’s details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast-pace of architects’ offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.
So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the actual construction of a building. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors(承包商). Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.
As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, draftsmen may work in groups. The group leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced.
Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as draftsmen’s work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board.
1. According to the passage, career draftsmen are usually ______.A.experienced architects | B.architectural designers |
C.high school graduates | D.graduates of technical schools |
A.the architect’s rough drawings and directions |
B.the ideas and directions for the project |
C.the plans and details for the actual construction |
D.the designer’s handbooks, tables and building codes |
A.They all work in groups with a project architect. |
B.They are the main members of the architectural team. |
C.They provide labor and building materials. |
D.They give guides to inexperienced architects. |
A.An architect education. | B.The spirit of team work. |
C.Accuracy in the drawings. | D.Advanced drawing aids. |
2 . “Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please.” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment (测评) was satisfactory.
“Kim.” began Bill Williams. “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”
“But,” replied Kim. “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.” “I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is find.”
“But,” said Kim. “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
“I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”
“Yes, I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say…, Bill”
“Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”
“Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will… Bill.”
1. Kim is the sort of employee who _______.A.does not speak out his own ideas | B.is not devoted to the job |
C.laughs too much over work | D.can not finish his work on time |
A.full of respect | B.too confident and rude |
C.lacking in experience | D.too shy and quiet |
A.Kim has been invited to take charge of the staff meetings. |
B.the manager appreciates those who just do what be tells them to do |
C.the manager is pleased with Kim’s hard work and his suggestions |
D.Kim is likely to have a higher salary if he can pass the assessment. |
3 . I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”.
At first I was paid in candy.
By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas.
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.
A.Later I received 50 cents an hour. |
B.I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. |
C.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. |
D.My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility. |
E.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. |
F.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. |
4 . Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.
This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.
The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence.
Resentment between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful.
If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves.
A.That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. |
B.The weaknesses of human nature cause the disharmony among employees. |
C.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. |
D.Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. |
E.Therefore, employers should pay attention to the different ways of expressing anger in the company. |
F.That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising. |
5 . How Will Machines and AI Change the Future of Work?
Several recent studies have examined how machine automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will change the future of work.
The Rand Corporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report.
In 16th century England, Queen Elizabeth famously refused an inventor’s request for a patent for a device to make material for clothing. The Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become “beggars”.
The McKinsey Global Institute has also studied the issue. Its research suggests that up to one-third of work activities across 46 nations could be displaced by 2030.
Rand Corporation’s Osonde Osoba agrees with McKinsey. He also thinks that it will be very difficult for companies to completely automate most jobs, because they require a worker to perform many different duties and to react to unexpected situations.
A.Osoba says this can be problematic for machines, which do not understand cultural norms in the population. |
B.McKinsey identifies three job types that will be very difficult to replace with a machine. |
C.He noted that fears over machines taking jobs from humans goes back centuries. |
D.The study also predicts rising demand for educators, and “creatives”, a group of workers including artists, performers and entertainers. |
E.The study says automation will also raise productivity and economic growth. |
F.Osoba agrees there will be major job destruction due to AI and automation, especially for lower skilled workers. |
6 . Things changed for Ben Southall when the Australian state of Queensland advertised a job for someone to look after Hamilton Island in the Great Barrier Reef. They knew it sounded like the best job in the world, but they were surprised when over 35, 000 people applied for the job. Then they had to make a difficult decision—which person to choose from so many candidates? After a lot of testing and interviewing, they announced 34-year-old Ben Southall from England as the winner. Ben now works for the Queensland Tourist Board and his job is to look after the island and to promote tourism there. Because of the unique nature of the job, the Tourist Board wanted a unique person, with a range of skills and qualities. It was a long interview process, involving a variety of tasks to find out about each candidate.
Fitness was very important; swimming ability was particularly essential. Ben can swim very well and he also likes running, climbing, diving and mountain biking. It is clear that, physically, he can do almost anything. The ability to communicate was as important as fitness. For the last part of interview process, the final sixteen candidates did various tests and tasks, including talking to TV and radio reporters. The competition was tough and the candidates needed to show what they could do. The interviewers were interested in how the candidates performed in the tasks, how they handled the press attention and their ability to write about their adventures in a daily log. The candidates did their best to impress the interviewers and they knew they couldn't make any mistakes at this final stage.
Before he went, Ben was confident about his abilities to handle the challenge. He couldn’t do everything they asked him in the interview, as he can’t speak any other language but he felt that his other skills and his personality were impressive. He made a huge effort during the interview process and he was able to convince the interviewers that he was the best person for the job. Even so, he says he was amazed when he got the job; he couldn’t believe it! He hopes to do a good job and promote the island successfully: he has to get to know every part of the island and tell the world about it in numerous media interviews. When you read Ben's blogs from his interview tasks, it is easy to see why they chose him. He is funny and easy-going and he will certainly get the attention of any potential tourist to this beautiful place.
1. According to the passage, Ben’s job includes the following EXCEPT ________.A.drawing travellers' attention to the island. | B.going to Hamilton Island once a day. |
C.being interviewed in different media. | D.knowing Hamilton Island very well. |
A.go through a fitness training. | B.take part in various TV shows. |
C.write about their own interviewers. | D.communicate with the press. |
A.He used to be a swimming champion. | B.He kept his personal blog very well. |
C.He is easy to get along with. | D.He can speak several foreign languages. |
A.Hamilton Island gets well protected. | B.The funniest job in the world. |
C.Ben gets dream job. | D.Tourism in Australia. |
There is no better feeling than walking away from your desk in the evening with a sense of deep satisfaction for a job well done.
Empty your inbox.
If you leave a tiring and undesirable task until the next day, you will walk away from your desk with a dark cloud hanging over you and a sense of fear. On the other hand, try to complete the task before you leave the office, and you will walk away with a feeling of freedom and victory.
Do something nice for someone else.
The key here is intentionality. Plan to end your day by doing something specific and beneficial for someone in your life—a partner, friend, family member, customer, etc. You will feel better when doing a good deed to others. It is impossible to do something nice for someone without feeling better yourself.
Say thank you.
Take a moment before you shut things down for the day to be thankful for your life.
A.Determine what will make tomorrow special. |
B.Regardless of what else has happened in a day, ending it with thanks is a rewarding approach. |
C.Finish the task as far as possible before you leave. |
D.Keeping your inbox empty makes you more effective. |
E.In fact, a whole unproductive day can end with just 15 hyper-productive minutes. |
F.Nothing else throughout your day could possibly be so bad. |
8 . If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.
There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.
Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important” by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.
1. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates _____.A.are ready to change when situations change |
B.are better able to deal with difficulties |
C.are equally good at computer skills |
D.are likely to give others pressure |
A.Willingness to take low-paid jobs. | B.Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge. |
C.Skills in expressing themselves. | D.Part-time work experience. |
A.keep for some time | B.successfully get |
C.immediately start | D.lose regretfully |
9 . A person seeking a new career opportunity might consider looking in a museum. Museums provide jobs in fields such as research, management, graphic arts, public relations, education, preserving, cataloging, fund-raising, and construction. A museum may have one employee or thousands.
Many museum workers do not work directly with the objects in the museum; for example, the staff of a finance department prepares budgets and financial reports. Accountant and bookkeeper are typical positions. Staffers in the development department, meanwhile, work to increase museum membership and donations and to plan fund-raisers, such as dances or auctions. Publications department personnel may write newsletters, brochures, or books.
Some museums have an education department responsible for planning talks, teaching workshops, directing tours, or training tour guides.
People who prefer to work directly with a museum's collection have many career options. A person who pays attention to detail may enjoy being a registrar, the person who keeps track of the objects in a museum. Registrars keep records of objects, noting what they are, when and how they were obtained, and whether they are on loan to another museum or on display.
Curators are the people responsible for a museum's collection. One of their duties is to choose items for exhibits; then they work closely with designers who plan the best way to arrange exhibits. Other specialists do things such as arrange lighting or build display cases. Expert craftspeople can also find jobs re-creating historic buildings, such as the Pilgrim village at Plimoth Plantation.
A museum also often employs conservators to repair and take care of its collection. Many conservators are specialists who care for one kind of item, such as books or paintings. The Henry Ford Museum employs many conservators, including some who are experts in caring for antique cars.
Some historic homes, such as George Washington's home in Mount Vernon, have gardens, farms, and woods, as well as buildings. Gardeners are employed to care for the grounds and livestock handlers to care for farm animals.
Museums offer many other career opportunities too. They may have gift shops where sales assistants sell books, postcards, and other items or. restaurants where meals are prepared and served. Depending on one's interests, a museum could be a great place to look for a job.
1. A museum's education department might _____.A.plan fund-raisers | B.prepare financial reports |
C.write brochures | D.conduct workshops |
A.work directly with museum collections |
B.choose museum collections |
C.prepare financial reports |
D.choose items for exhibits |
A.teachers | B.writers | C.craftspeople | D.bookkeepers |
A.Curators work closely with designers in the arrangement of museum exhibits. |
B.There are many kinds of museums in such fields as history, art, and science. |
C.Museums, although they vary in purpose and size, offer a wide range of career opportunities. |
D.Museums serve as an ideal workplace for those only interested in museum collections. |
10 . A. Associate Product Manager — New Grad — Beijing
Responsibilities include working with engineers to define products, understanding user needs, researching markets and competitors, and predicting future product directions. As you gain more experience, there’s an opportunity for promotion within the organization .
Requirements:
☆ Bachelor’s degree and more than one year of job experience.
☆Strong organizational and analytical skills .
B. Director of Education — Sylvan Learning Centers — Long Beach, California
Job description: As a successful director of education, your primary responsibility will be to champion the Sylvan developed curriculum, ensure the quality of the education standards and teaching staff as well as grow the business in your center.
We require:
☆ Bachelors degree and at least 2 years of teaching experience.
☆ Managerial experience.
C. Area Export Manager — Beijing Import Export Corporation — Beijing
Highly dynamic company is looking for bright, experienced salesperson who will be responsible for the export of frozen seafood and other commodities between China and the USA, Australia, and Canada.
Qualifications:
☆ Excellent level of English, spoken and written
☆Excellent communication and organizational skills .
☆Experienced salesperson with proven results in fast-moving consumer goods essential, preferable in frozen seafood market.
D. Subeditor — MEDIA CONTACTS — London
Working in the fascinating world of law and enforcement (执法), you will be making sure that you are meeting the exceptionally high standards of copy for this company. As part of a team of six, you will be meeting tight deadlines on a daily basis and ensuring regular flow of articles onto the website. Must have a keen eye for detail and confidence in working with challenging copy. Proven track record in subediting, and a practical knowledge of publishing law are required.
E.
Job title | Casual trainer (first aid) |
Employer | Medilife |
Location | Sydney, NSW Australia 2150 |
Job type | Part-time |
Job description: Medilife requires able, reliable trainers who can demonstrate the qualities of flexibility and loyalty and join their young, fun-living team. Successful applicants will receive excellent hourly rates. Suitable training will be provided for the right applicant.
1. Which of the following are specially required to most of the positions in the ads?A.Experience and responsibilities. | B.Experience and special skills. |
C.Special skills and English. | D.Responsibilities and a bachelor’s degree. |
A.three | B.four | C.five | D.six |
A.write articles for website | B.copy data from the Internet |
C.enforce publishing laws | D.examine other people’s writing |