1 . Chief executive officer. Marketing director. Lead writer. Job titles like these have generally been standard across work for years. They communicate essential employee details such as job function and seniority. They make sense to employees and recruiters (招聘人员) alike, leaving little room for ambiguity. However, labels like “chief visionary officer”, “business development guru (大师) ”or “chief remote officer” are emerging. In many industries, especially creative ones, employers feel free to create job titles for employees. They can serve as recruitment or retention (留用) tools — and even grab attention from clients.

This was the case for Lennie Hughes, whose official job title is “head of hype (炒作) and culture” at Truant, a London-based advertising agency. Initially, this position was advertised as a more traditional “head of marketing and new business“. But, after being recruited, Hughes worked with Truant to craft a new title for the role he’d lead, centred more on integrating traditional external branding and communications with a fresh take on internal workplace culture. He also acknowledges it’s not without strategic benefit. “If my job is all about getting attention, the title should do that, too.”

Experts and employees alike say there can be an upside to flashy job titles. Pawel Adrjan works for Indeed, a large hiring platform. He cites Indeed data, showing “people” is outdoing the traditional title of “human resources”; similarly, the title of “talent acquisition” is up 75% while “recruitment” is down 19% since 2019. Adrjan says, “By using ‘people’ in the title, employers can say they invest in people. Through this language, companies are trying to show they don’t regard employees as resources to tap.”

But beware, these fancy new titles aren’t all good news. Sometimes they offer little guidance as to what their job actually involves. Ultimately, when a non-descriptive, overblown job title is used as a costless recruiting method to boost worker ego (自尊心), it can lead to a mismatch in expectations between employer and employee. At the extreme end, this could place workers in a tough position where they end up in a role that doesn’t match what they thought was promised.

1. What best explains“ambiguity”underlined in paragraph 1?

A．Growth.

B．Confusion.

C．Discussion.

D．Improvement.

2. Which of the following best describes Lennie Hughes?

A．Hard-working.

B．Honest.

C．Considerate.

D．Innovative.

3. What does paragraph 3 tell us about the new job titles?

A．They are mainly used to attract investment.

B．They are starting to lose popularity among employers.

C．They can make employees feel more respected.

D．They can help companies tap a broader candidate pool.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?

A．The growing mismatch between workers and their job titles.

B．The negative impact of unconventional job titles.

C．The unrealistic expectations of employers.

D．The tough position of modern workers.

2 . Benedict Morelli, one of New York’s top-rated lawyers, owns Morelli Law Firm, which has offices, lawyers, cases and experts all over the country. Benedict Morelli and his team of experienced lawyers are expert at handling a wide variety of cases, from auto and truck accidents, to construction injuries, to complex employment discrimination.

One critical reason for their success is that unlike many firms, Morelli Law has the experience, patience, and resources to pursue all difficult cases. Since founding the firm, Mr. Morelli and his team have successfully dealt with an impressive list of outstanding cases in the industry. In fact, they have delivered more than a billion dollars on behalf of their clients. Impressive firm results include a $95 million settlement in a sexual discrimination case involving Aaron’s Inc., as well as a $62 million settlement for Mark Perez, a construction worker who fell from a roof and suffered a brain injury.

When asked whether they would feel afraid when facing difficult opponents in court, “At my core, I’m a trial lawyer,” said Benedict Morelli. “Because of our experience and accomplishments in the courtroom, our opponents know that we’re prepared to pursue the best result possible. Going to trial does not intimidate us.”

The firm is devoted to realizing its clients’ goals both inside and outside of the courtroom. For example, in a drunk driving case, the firm worked with the client to strengthen New York laws that punish drunk drivers. This effort has made it easier for lawyers in New York to charge drunk drivers. Moreover, Mr. Moreli and his team are also committed to helping those who have been wronged achieve the justice they deserve, no matter the difficulty of the circumstances.

Corporations are powerful actors in society and Mr. Morelli and his team feel fortunate to be in a position to provide the highest level of service to their clients.

1. What contributes to Morelli Law Firm’s success?

A．Talents, Strategies and funds.

B．Attitude, passion and resolution.

C．Experience, patience and resources.

D．Management, devotion and knowledge.

2. What does the underlined word “intimidate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Scare.

B．Threaten.

C．Benefit.

D．Excite.

3. What can we learn about the company Morelli Law Firm?

A．It has made more than a billion dollars from their clients.

B．It focuses mainly on bringing justice to the wrongful cases.

C．It aims to help clients obtain good outcomes in and out of court.

D．It works with New York to pass laws on banning drinking alcohol.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Morelli Law Firm	B．A top-rated lawyer
C．Morelli and his cases	D．Corporations in society

3 . Get up at 6 am, arrive at the hospital one hour earlier to help patients check in, and accompany patients during consultations… In recent years, “patient escorts” has emerged as a new industry, and those who have taken on this career are known as “people who sell time”, 26-year-old Zhang Tian is one of them.

September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian. On this day, Zhang Tian saw a video about patient escorts on a short video platform. The daily routine of patient escorts shown in the video fascinated her and gradually inspired her to take this on as a business. She browsed through many platforms and read multiple information and found there indeed exists a certain demand for patient escorts, especially for the elderly, children, and pregnant women. Since she had never engaged in this kind of work before, she spent two days in major hospitals in Wuhan, in order to familiarize herself with all the departments on different floors, as well as the processes of medical consultation and preparation for surgery.

After preliminary preparatory (预备的) work, Zhang Tian posted a video of myself-introduction on major social platforms, talking about the help and services a patient escort provides, as well as some tips for a quick and convenient medical consultation. At first, she was a little worried that her video would go unnoticed. However, after she uploaded the video, it got over 100 likes and she received her first ever offer as a patient escort.

The memory of her first task is still alive and fresh in her mind. She received a phone call on September 9 from a man whose father was seriously ill and might need surgery. He wanted Zhang Tian to accompany his father through his consultation and treatment.” Zhang Tian made full preparations before meeting her first client and did a very good job despite her nervousness.

“Later, the family expressed their gratitude to me over and over again, which warmed my heart and gave me a sense of achievement.” Zhang Tian said.

1. What do patient escorts do?

A．They assist doctors in hospitals.

B．They arrive at hospitals early to check in.

C．They take on this career to sell their time.

D．They help patients get treated in hospitals.

2. September 4 was a lucky day for Zhang Tian because ______.

A．she enjoyed seeing an interesting video

B．she got inspiration for her own career

C．she found a demand for medical workers

D．she was well received on social platforms

3. How did Zhang Tian get her first client?

A．She got familiar with the routine work in hospitals.

B．She spent two days in major hospitals to meet patients.

C．Her video on social platforms attracted her first client.

D．The man’s father was seriously ill and might need a surgery.

4. Which of the following words best describe Zhang Tian?

A．Hardworking and considerate.	B．Humorous and careful.
C．Ambitious and imaginative.	D．Talkative and positive.

4 . By my mid-20s, I’d finished my master in psychology, and I was working in Dublin as a health researcher. It was mostly data and statistics work staring at a screen. I was earning more than most of my friends, living the city life, going out at weekends. I had a good pension (养老金) and annual leave but it caused a lot of anxiety and worry.I was really unhappy.

I wanted to get back to feeling passionate about something so I started thinking about the things I used to love. As a child, I’d always been involved in the outdoors, and I used to love hiking but all that had stopped after secondary school. I decided to volunteer with a local youth group and within a month, I’d gone camping with them. I absolutely loved it. It was likes switching on a lightbulb. This was what I’d been missing.

I started taking courses in mountain skills and wilderness first aid, and by August I was working my usual job in the week, and I was a climbing club leader at weekends. I loved connecting with nature, connecting with other people.

Through all this, I learnt about the whole field of nature-based therapies (疗法). It was the perfect fit to combine my psychology background with my passion for the outdoors. I began taking courses in wild therapy, forest bathing and ecopsychology. I left my government job and in July 2020 I launched my business Nature Therapy Ireland, which is booming now.

I’d thought I’d always live in a city but last year, I moved to Tipperary to live at the foot of a mountain, surrounded by nature. If I’m feeling stressed, I can step outside in my bare feet and stand on the grass to ground myself. In Dublin, the front door felt like a barrier—I had to have my keys, my phone, my jacket before I could even go out and find a green space. My life now is leading nature connection hikes and forest bathing walks. My salary has halved for the moment but I’ve adjusted. I’ve never looked back.

1. What did the writer think of her job in Dublin?

A．Stressful.	B．Valueless.
C．Insecure.	D．Demanding.

2. What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2?

A．She enjoyed her voluntary work.

B．She realized what she really loved.

C．Recalling the past made her happy.

D．A bright future was in store for her.

3. What drove the writer to launch her business Nature Therapy Ireland?

A．Her adventurous experience.

B．Her leadership and background.

C．Her connection with other people.

D．Her major and passion for nature.

4. Why did the writer compare her life in Dublin with that in Tipperary?

A．To highlight how boring city life was.

B．To call on people to get back to nature.

C．To show her satisfaction with her change.

D．To indicate how successful her business was.

5 . Best Summer Jobs for High School Students

Working during the summer when school is out of session is a great opportunity for teenagers to make money and gain valuable workplace experience.

Restaurant Server

Food and drink service jobs are plentiful. Although average base pay is poor, workers who carts tips can do well for themselves. And some national chains have the resources to pay more Starbucks employees can earn about $12 per how on average, and may qualify for a benefits package that includes health insurance.

Grocery Store Worker

Grocery store jobs are also relatively plentiful. Although most grocery employees don’t earn tips, base pay is generally above the federal minimum wage—about $12 per hour. Jobs that require workers to operate heavy machinery are inaccessible to workers under age 18. Grocery store employees typically work in shifts, with part-timers polling four to eight hours at a stretch. Peak shopping hours tend to fall on weekends and early evenings.

Tutor

If you’ve already taken and done well on standardized tests like the SAT or ACT, you can help these students and earn decent pay as a tutor. Tutor pay varies by specialty, experience, and educational attainment. Tutors who themselves are high school students or recent graduates aren’t likely to earn much more than the national average rate of S18 per hour.

Career-Track Intern(实习)

Even if you haven’t yet decided what you want your “rear” career to be, high school summers offer the perfect opportunity to test a job you think you’ll like. Summer internships are often unpaid, forcing students to consider whether the opportunity is worth the cost. That’s likely to come down to the value of the experience and the connections that could land you a higher-paying, career-track job down the road.

1. What is the feature of grocery store jobs?

A．No employees get tips.

B．They are tough to obtain.

C．They are for people aged

D．The employees do shift work.

2. What is special about Career-Track Intern?

A．It’s often done without payment.

B．It is worth the big expense.

C．It guarantees you a good career.

D．It provides you with experience.

3. Which job favors an academically excellent student?

A．Restaurant Server.	B．Grocery Store Worker.
C．Career-Track Intern.	D．Tutor.

6 . Get Help Finding a Youth or Student Job

If you’re a student looking for a job, you can get help through these programs—regardless of your background or circumstances.

Youth Job Connection

You get at least 60 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace, a job for up to 6 months, job-coaching and help with the transition from school to work, or to ongoing employment once the program ends.

Who is eligible (具备条件的): between 16 and 29 years old; not attending full-time school or training.

Youth Job Connection Summer

You get at least 20 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace, summer jobs that last for up to 8 weeks (part-time and after-school jobs are available if they don’t conflict with school), job-coaching and help returning to school after the program ends.

Who is eligible: between 18 and 20 years old; a high school student planning to stay in or return to school, or to move on to postsecondary education.

MARS Studio

You are guided to learn critical skills you need to solve complex 21st century challenges, build networks with peers, coaches, and leaders, and pursue your innovative ideas for bold change in society.

Who is eligible: 8-month fellowship for young people aged 18-29.

Starter Company Program

You get guidance business knowledge and funding to start, grow, or buy a small business. To qualify for funding of up to $5,000, you need to be able to contribute at least 25% of the grant amount.

Who is eligible: between 18 and 29 years old; applicants must not be attending school full time.

1. Which program is suitable for a 16-year-old student?

A．Youth Job Connection.	B．Youth Job Connection Summer.
C．MARS Studio.	D．Starter Company Program.

2. What is special about Youth Job Connection Summer?

A．It is intended for students only.	B．It provides the longest training.
C．It offers business knowledge.	D．It helps return to school after the program ends.

3. What do all of these programs offer?

A．A well-paid job.

B．Paid training.

C．Job guidance.

D．High salary.

7 . Have you ever been caught like a deer in headlights when asked to tell others about yourself?     1     A simple “tell me about yourself" is a great way to get to know someone because it's open-ended and allows the person to choose a topic they're comfortable to discuss. Yet, the way to answer the question can be as difficult as the answer itself.

If the question catches you off-guard, you might simply be unprepared or uncomfortable talking about yourself.    2     Here are two situations where you're likely to be asked this question and how to answer it.

“Tell me about yourself" is a common way for an interviewer to warm up a candidate at the beginning of a job interview.    3    The key here is to avoid getting too personal or talking too much. Before a job interviews have an answer prepared that hits on your past experience, present situation and future goals. Keep your response under two minutes and make it interesting to differentiate you from the other candidates.

You nailed the interview and got the job! You're likely to meet many people and answer some variation on the “tell me about yourself" question numerous times.    4     Share your name and your role at the organization, and past information, if relevant. If you want to take the focus off yourself, ask the person about their role.     5    

A．Again, keep it simple and professional.

B．If it hasn't happened yet, it will eventually.

C．What should you do if you are asked the question?

D．Who do you think is most likely to ask this question?

E．It's a good opportunity to learn more about your new workmates.

F．It tests the candidate's confidence and sets the tone for the conversation.

G．Whatever you do, don't turn around and ask the person the same exact question.

9 . What is leadership, anyway? Such a simple question, and yet it continues to bother popular consultants. I’ve written several books on leadership for employee engagement, and yet it occurred to me that I never actually paused to define leadership.     1    

Leadership has nothing to do with seniority (资历) or one’s position in a company. Too many talk about a company’s leadership referring to the senior executives in the organization. They are just that, senior executives.     2     Hopefully you find it there, but there are no guarantees.

    3     Similar to the point above, just because you have a C-level title, doesn’t automatically make you a “leader.” In all of my talks I stress the fact that you don’t need a title to lead. In fact, you can be a leader in your place of worship, your neighborhood, in your family, all without having a title.

Leadership has nothing to do with personal qualities. Say the word “leader” and most people think of a bossy, take-charge charming individual. We often think of icons from history like President Lincoln.     4     We don’t need extroverted (外向的) charming qualities to practice leadership. And those with charm don’t automatically lead.

Leadership isn’t management. This is the big one. Leadership and management are not the same. You have 15 people in your charge? Good for you, hopefully you are a good manager. Good management is needed. Managers need to plan, measure, monitor, coordinate, solve, hire, fire, and so many other things.     5    

A．Let me start by giving leadership a clear definition.

B．Leadership has nothing to do with titles.

C．Once you are promoted to a higher rank, your leadership skills will improve.

D．Leadership doesn’t automatically happen when you reach a certain pay grade.

E．Let’s start with what leadership is not.

F．But leadership isn’t an adjective.

G．Typically, managers manage things while leaders lead people.

10 . Fish tongues, harvested by children

Cod (鳕鱼) tongue is a famous dish in Norway and beyond. Around 80 tons are cut every year from fish caught in Norway’s northern waters. Softer in taste than the flesh of the fish, cod tongue melts in the mouth with a hint of saltiness. It is nature’s gift, says Jan Erik, vice-president of the Norwegian fishermen’s association.

Liv Eva, a 35­year­old who works for a research institute, says that when she was a girl, men and boys dominated the cod-tongue-cutting trade on Lofoten, a Norwegian island. This year, she was happy to see a grandmother and granddaughter selling tongues.

In other ways, however, the art of tungeskjæring has hardly changed over the centuries. The delicate work of removing the tongue from an already beheaded (去头的) fish is reserved mainly for children. The practice serves as a kind of career preparation for would-be fishers, and it pays handsomely. The tongues are valuable, so an hour’s work can pay 1,200 kronor ($143); not bad if you’re six. Modesty guides attitudes in Lofoten and other northern parts, so it wouldn’t be accepted to spend the cash on something wasteful, says Liv Eva. Youngsters tend to save up for a fishing boat, a car or a deposit on a home.

Not everyone gets involved. Those with ambitions keep their distance; tongue-cutting is something of a fisherman’s rough life. And citizens in Norway were upset by a recent documentary showing the children at work in their blood-stained overalls. “Child labor!” they cried. The government looked into the issue, and chose to respect their culture and tradition. A bigger threat to the industry is that stocks are low. From April 27th, 2021 Norwegian cod caught in coastal waters will lose its sustainability rating from the Marine Conservation Council, a global fish watchdog.

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To bring up the topic.	B．To put forward an argument.
C．To set off a conflict.	D．To bring forward a suggestion.

2. The underlined phrase “the art of tungeskjæring” refers to _______.

A．the tasting of cod tongue	B．the cutting of cod tongue
C．the cooking of cod tongue	D．the drawing of cod tongue

3. What does the third paragraph focus on?

A．The traditions of the cod tongue industry.

B．The advantages of the cod tongue industry.

C．The problems with the cod tongue industry.

D．The changes of the cod tongue industry.

4. What is the government’s attitude towards the children’s harvesting cod tongue?

A．Supportive.

B．Ignorant.

C．Respectful.

D．Disapproving.