1 . Four Popular Books on Science
Mustn’t Grumble
This book written by Graham Lawton is not about what happens when we’re ill with something serious to send us to the doctor. Instead, it focuses on many of mild, annoying illnesses, aches and pains which we can always put up with. It’s a mixture of science and history, with a light touch, and provides practical information about each illness for the reader.
Generations
In this deeply researched book, Professor Bobby Duffy provides a new framework for understanding the issues of the day: from culture wars to climate change and mental health to housing. Including information from all over the globe, and with powerful effects on humanity’s future, this big-thinking book will change how you view the world.
Eureka
Introduced by Jim Al-Khalili, Eureka brings together 365 mind blowing questions, attractive facts and exciting experiments. If you’ve ever wondered what would happen if the moon disappeared, why cats always land on their feet, why we get morning breath, how to measure the speed of light with a chocolate bar, if you could surf down an erupting volcano and why songs get stuck in your head, this book would be a good choice.
Unthinkable
Unthinkable takes us on an unforgettable journey through the human brain. Award-winning science writer Helen Thomson has spent years travelling the world tracking down brain disorders that are not seen very often. In Unthinkable she tells the stories of nine unusual people. From the man who thinks he’s a tiger to the doctor who feels the pain of others just by looking at them. Their experiences show how the brain can shape our lives in unexpected and, in some cases, alarming ways.
1. How does the book Mustn’t Grumble benefit readers?A.By helping them keep healthy. | B.By improving their studies. |
C.By making them love science. | D.By teaching them to care for patients. |
A.Graham Lawton’s. | B.Bobby Duffy’s. | C.Helen Thomson’s. | D.Jim Al-Khalili’s. |
A.World travelling. | B.Wonders of the brain. |
C.Sufferings from brain disease. | D.Achievements of unusual people. |
2 . When visiting a park, it is common to observe older individuals listening to audio (有声的) books instead of reading traditional books. Audio books have become quite popular these days.
But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audio books as effectively as we do from paper books?
Another study published in the Journal of Neuroscience further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books.
Some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audio books, we are often multitasking. If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well.
A.How do people obtain audio books? |
B.You can listen to audio books anytime. |
C.Multitasking can interrupt effective learning. |
D.Researchers conduct an experiment to figure it out. |
E.Why are more and more people choosing audio books? |
F.One of the main advantages of audio books is convenience. |
G.It reveals that both activities excite almost the same parts of the brain. |
3 . Reading is a healthy habit that everyone should develop from childhood because of the benefits that come with it.
Narrow mindedness. Reading a variety of books broadens the readers’ mind. Most people who don’t read have a certain narrow mindedness to them that can easily be noticed.
Low brain power. One advantage of reading is its ability to improve brain function. Reading can help people become better thinkers and use brains more effectively. People who don’t read usually have low brain power because they don’t exercise the brain as much as readers do.
Poor imagination. Reading books allows you to tap into your imaginative power.
A.Learning difficulty. |
B.The reason for this is simple. |
C.Such exercise strengthens the brain. |
D.Inability to fully understand the world. |
E.It then makes you picture what you read. |
F.It is developed slowly just as any habit would. |
G.The ability to read is important in today’s world. |
4 . I came across the book Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less from a library app and I can say that after reading, it did not disappoint.
The book fits into the personal development category. It talks about how important it is to focus on absolutely important things and remove the unnecessary distractions. The common problem, Greg McKeown says, is spotting the important things. Essentialism means continuously defining where we can create the most value, then finding ways to execute these tasks most effortlessly.
In Essentialism, McKeown draws on experience and insight from working with the leaders of the most innovative companies in the world to show how to achieve the pursuit of less. More importantly, by applying a more selective standard for what is essential, the pursuit of less allows us to regain control of our own choices so we can channel our time, energy and effort into making the highest possible contribution toward the goals and activities that matter.
McKeown further explores the difference between an essentialist and a non-essentialist. He gives fantastic and relatable examples from his life as well as from others to illustrate how functioning as a non-essentialist is harmful for both you and those around you. He says the primary difference in both of them is the one who says yes to everything and the other (the essentialist) says yes only to the things that matter.
He also tells that a non-essentialist will commit to everything and put his personal priorities (优先事项) on the side while that is opposite in case of the essentialist. Whether it is in work-life or personal life, a non-essentialist will try to do more by quick-fix solutions but an essentialist will focus on removing barriers and nothing else. He also gives us examples of famous people like Mahatma Gandhi who followed essentialism.
Finally, the book tells us how to set out the important things in our life — like a routine of 8 hours of sleep, daily journal or playing or relaxing every day to let our minds rest. In today’s fast-paced life, McKeown says, restfulness is a precious escape from the noisy world.
1. What does the underlined word “execute” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Carry out. | B.Switch between. | C.Watch out for. | D.Get away from. |
A.The significance of essentialism. | B.The inspiration for the book. |
C.Achievements of essentialists. | D.Strategies for pursuing less. |
A.Commitment to daily work. | B.High efficiency in work. |
C.Positive influence by celebrities. | D.Concentration on priorities. |
A.Avoid tiring work if possible. | B.Find meaning in everyday life. |
C.Take a break when necessary. | D.Remain restless and unmotivated. |
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6 . The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book.
I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.
Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.”
Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through.
Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward.
Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return.
1. Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1?A.Referring to. | B.Getting rid of. |
C.Getting used to. | D.Making use of. |
A.Bookmarks. | B.Fingers. | C.The progress bar. | D.The opening part. |
A.To explain an opposing idea. | B.To provide additional information. |
C.To support the author’s argument. | D.To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. |
A.Why the Printed Book Is Back? |
B.How the Printed Book Benefits us? |
C.What Future the Printed Book Faces? |
D.Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? |
7 . Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her 88-year-old father, who needed surgery.
What troubled her almost as much as his health was the fact that all day the two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. She and her father had always had good conversations, but now his once wide-ranging interests seemed to have shrunk to the size of the room. He talked about the terrible hospital food, the tests, the doctors, the diagnosis, the potential outcomes. “It is really hard to sit with a person in a hospital,” Khan says. “It feels like there’s nothing to talk about except their medical situation.”
That day in the hospital, her eye fell on a pile of books that people had brought as gifts. Her father had always been a reader, but lately he didn’t have the energy or focus. She picked up Young Titan, Michael Shelden’s biography of Winston Churchill, and started to read it out loud. “Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere,” she says. That afternoon, Khan read to her father for an hour. It was a relief and a pleasure for both of them. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father and help him in a situation that was otherwise out of her hands. Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter’s voice, and back into the realm of mature, intellectual engagement, where he felt himself again.
“He’s in and out of the hospital a lot now,” Khan says, “and I always read to him. ”That may be just what the doctor ordered. In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors believed these improvements were in large part due to the “rich, varied, nonprescriptive diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry promoting focused concentration, and narratives of all sorts giving rise to thoughts, feelings, and memories.
1. What do we know about Khan’s father from paragraph 2?A.He stuck to a wide range of interests. | B.He had no small talk with Khan. |
C.His mood suffered quite a lot. | D.All his hope was lost. |
A.Khan got inspiration from Young Titan. |
B.Khan had specially prepared Young Titan for her father. |
C.Reading was a win-win way for Khan and her father. |
D.Khan’s father had had no interest in reading. |
A.the tolerance of loneliness. | B.the capability of socializing. |
C.the relieving of anxiety. | D.the promoting of concentration. |
A.All kinds of literature worked equally. | B.A specific kind of literature worked better. |
C.It was the amount of reading that counted. | D.It was the variety of reading that counted. |
8 . Birds do it. People do it. Owls do it in the daytime. Even Caenorhabditis elegans, a primitive roundworm made up of a few thousand cells, does something that looks an awful lot like it. Sleep is an ancient, universal experience.
But partly because it is so commonplace, for a long time sleep was a subject that scientists had not woken up to. It is only in the past half-century or so that it has attracted the attention of dedicated researchers. A new book from Kenneth Miller, a science journalist, sets out to elaborate the field’s short but fascinating history. The book is organized around the life and hard work of a scientist named Nathaniel Kleitman who set up a pioneering sleep-research programme at the University of Chicago.
The early pages of the book, before there is much in the way of established science to describe, are the weakest. A good deal of time is spent on biographical details and pen portraits of the world through which Kleitman moved. But the story soon picks up. It ranges from the discovery of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and circadian rhythms — the biological clocks that govern humanity’s days — to the effects of sleep deprivation (which can be fatal, at least in lab animals). It also probes the purpose, if any, of dreams.
Underlying it all is a sense of psychology's slow maturing as a science. New technologies such as electroencephalographs, which monitor electrical activity in the brain, have offered practitioners the ability to study brains directly, rather than trying to infer what they are doing from the behaviour of their owners.
Discoveries often lead to new questions in turn. That is why neat, tidy endings are hard to achieve in science books; this one is no difference. Despite all the progress of the past 50 years, scientists are still unsure what sleep is for. For anyone curious about asking the right questions, however, Mr. Miller’s book is a good place to start.
1. What is the book aimed at?A.Setting up a pioneer programme. |
B.Introducing the contribution of a scientist. |
C.Attracting the attention of other researchers. |
D.Recording the development of sleep research. |
A.Recovers. | B.Refreshes. | C.Improves. | D.Accelerates. |
A.Portraits of the author. | B.Sleep patterns and dreams. |
C.The history of psychology. | D.The importance of the brain. |
A.Favorable. | B.Disapproving. | C.Doubtful. | D.Ambiguous. |
9 . My three grandchildren grew up, listening to someone read and learning to read. They discovered Jeanne Birdsall, Ben Hatke, Sara Penny packer and Rick Riordan. I read and loved — many of the books. Often, I was reminded of my running story.
I started running when my older daughter was in primary school. During those early days, she made her disrespect for running clear. Later she did run. She ran throughout high school and had been running ever since. We often ran together. At first, I slowed down for her. But very soon, her pace improved, and she was slowing down for me.
Now I compared this with my reading grandchildren. At first, adults-parents,grandparents and teachers-led the way. Then the kids learned to read, and soon they were mere specks in the distance, gulping down books we’d never heard of, referring to series we’d never come across.
Early on, I began preparing myself for the inevitable. The era of cozy reading sessions would end.Indeed, it ended,in the case of my granddaughter. She and her mother still read together, but mostly she read on her own. My grandsons also read like they breathed-in the car, at the table, while walking from the parking lot to the ball field and back again, eyes on their books.
I trailed behind them this summer as they collected a heaping pile of books from the library. They sustained them through ten days in the Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. The night before our flight home, each of them were read, some more than once.
Recently, I picked up a book once owned by a child who was now these boys’ uncle. I began reading aloud during a moment of wild enjoyment, and within minutes both boys were beside me on the couch, listening to narrator Ludlow Fitch describe a terrifying attack and his escape to the tiny village of Pagus Parvus.
1. What’s the author’s purpose of telling her running story?A.To explain the benefits of running. |
B.To share her running experience. |
C.To exhibit her girl's talent for running. |
D.To show the similarities of learning to read. |
A.Setting an attainable goal. |
B.Being a model yourself. |
C.Discovering their interests. |
D.Providing suitable books. |
A.They made their own choice. |
B.They soon followed suit. |
C.They quickly lost interest. |
D.They did much better. |
A.They were all fond of books. |
B.They all had curious minds. |
C.They were keen on traveling. |
D.They liked thrilling stories. |
10 . Two decades ago, Tropical Storm Allison hit Houston. More than 70,000 houses were flooded, including the home of Sarah Feldman and her family.
At the time, they were in Connecticut on vacation, so they didn’t know what kind of damage they were going to face when they got home to Texas. But then Feldman’s grandparents called with bad news: all of her books had been destroyed in the flooding. Feldman was 14 at the time and loved reading.
To cheer her up, Feldman’s father took her to the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University. When they arrived, she started a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked at the library.
“I asked him a bunch of questions like, ‘How do you keep all these rare books? What’s the oldest book you have?’” Feldman remembered. Carver answered all of Feldman’s questions. When she told him about her books being destroyed, he told her that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection.
After returning to Houston, she received his gift, titled The Medieval Book by Barbara Shailor. Carver included a note that read:
Dear Sarah,
I have often thought of you and your family, and that terrible flood… As promised, with the letter is a rather scholarly book, which may be slightly mature(成熟) for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your new library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in value to you. Have a happy holiday season. Wish you and your loved ones all the best.
Yours,
Bill Carver
A lot has changed since Feldman received that book. Feldman is in her 30s now. She’s married and has a dog. But Carver’s gift has made a lifelong impact. “I’m interested in medieval art,” Feldman said. Feldman has tried to find Carver, but with no success. If she could speak to him today, she would like to tell him how much that small gesture meant to her.
1. What happened to Feldman?A.She was stuck in a flood. |
B.She lost her books in a flood. |
C.She suffered the pain of losing her family. |
D.She had to cancel her vacation because of a flood. |
A.He ignored her need. |
B.He mailed her a book. |
C.He lent her a collection of books. |
D.He asked her about her flood experience. |
A.It is a cartoon book. |
B.It was suitable for Feldman. |
C.It has had a long-lasting effect on Feldman. |
D.It was gifted by Barbara Shailor to Feldman. |
A.Elderly and intelligent. | B.Creative and easy-going. |
C.Kind-hearted and helpful. | D.Humorous and hard-working. |