1 . When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed an exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed more work to advance her own career. But instead of anxiety, she called her friend. “I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she says. She was surprised when it changed her attitude, so she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn.
Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term that describes the joy we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it isn’t directly connected with us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania. It makes relationships “closer and more enjoyable”. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also improve life satisfaction and resilience(适应力) and help people cooperate during a disagreement.
While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. Sometimes, your loss might last, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. And factors such as mental health and overall wellbeing(幸福) can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile and there are ways to encourage the feeling.
Instead of an automatic response, freudenfreude is often an active process. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called FreudenfreudeEnhancement Training (FET). They found that depressed people who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which built up their relationships and improved their mood.
Jean Grae, an artist, supports friends in this mindset. When someone gets a new opportunity or reaches a milestone, she makes sure to celebrate. Grae says she’s especially moved when anyone considered ‘other’ succeeds. “It’s truly inspirational,” she says, “because it lifts us all up and makes us shine.”
1. What do we know about Eugenie George?| A．She took pride in passing her exam. | B．She shared her success with her friend. |
| C．She was pleased with her friend’s success. | D．She was annoyed at her failure in an exam. |
| A．Its great benefits. | B．Its disadvantages. |
| C．Reasons for its absence. | D．Ways of improving it. |
| A．To test the effect of freudenfreude. | B．To help people apply freudenfreude. |
| C．To get people to know freudenfreude. | D．To show the advantages of freudenfreude. |
| A．How to experience freudenfreude? |
| B．Let’s share what leads to freudenfreude. |
| C．Freudenfreude: View others’ success as our own. |
| D．A win-win: Freudenfreude brings our own pleasure. |
2 . I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?| A．The author was very willing to stay with Kate. | B．Kate always helped the author to clean her bed. |
| C．The author felt proud to have such a roommate. | D．The author didn’t get along very well with Kate. |
| A．The author placed her shoes under Kate’s bed. | B．The author refused to listen to Kate’s advice. |
| C．The news of Kate’s grandma’s illness spread. | D．The author was very tired of Kate at school. |
| A．Because she realized the importance of tidiness. | B．Because she would like to express her concern. |
| C．Because she was required by other roommates. | D．Because she expected to be inspected by school. |
| A．They never quarreled with each other about anything again. |
| B．They separated at once and never wanted to see each other. |
| C．They completely understood the principle of being roommates. |
| D．They gained a deeper understanding of each other’s personalities. |
3 . In England, many people get worried when they are invited to dinner parties. That is because they don’t know the specific etiquette（礼仪）when attending the party.
Arrive 15 minutes late.
It’s true that the invitation said 7:30 p. m., but chances are that your host hasn’t quite finished up that roast, or they’re still putting the finishing touches on the table decor. Plus, you don’t want to be the first guest there, walking awkwardly in the room while your host are busily preparing.
You don’t have to eat anything that’ll cause you to have severe allergies （过敏）,but avoid making an overreaction or a dramatic public announcement that you can’t or won’t eat anything. When the dish is passed your way, politely pass it to the next person, and explain to your host later that it's not because you didn't want to eat it, just that you couldn't.
Be mindful of your relationship to the host.
Offer to help clean up.
Your host has already gone to great lengths to put the party on.
| A．Notify the host about your dietary（饮食上的）needs. |
| B．Be honest when giving any home-made dishes. |
| C．Volunteering your help is a huge and appreciated politeness. |
| D．The following dinner party etiquette might be of great help. |
| E．Look at the time listed on the invitation, cross it out, and push it late. |
| F．Asking your host if he needs you to bring anything to the dinner party. |
| G．If you're a relative stranger, act politely but be concerned about your host's life. |
Healthy relationships can be of great
Research shows that healthy relationships benefit us in many ways. A review of 148 studies found that people with strong social relationships are 50% less likely
Good relationships also help us deal with stress. The support
Moreover, you may feel richer
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
(3)文中请勿提及你的真实姓名和学校。
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6 . How would you feel if you were invited to the moon? If you found a gold coin, would you save it, give it to charity or use it for a holiday? Personality quizzes of this kind, known as “psychometrics”, have bothered many job seekers. Now, it is being applied to the oldest problem in finance: will a borrower repay?
In rich countries, lenders use credit scores to weigh risk. But just 7% of Africans and 13% of South Asians are covered by credit bureaus (征信机构). Bailey Klinger of the Entrepreneurial Finance Lab (EFL), which explores new kinds of credit data, argues that psychometrics could include many more people in the financial system. Everyone has a personality, after all.
Judging character is not new. Psychometrics attempts to make it a science. The model developed by EFL has undergone many tests and adapted to different cultures. Its collected data reflect something unnoticed. For instance, young optimists are risky, but old ones are safe.
Clever design cuts cheating. There are no obvious right answers; responses are cross-checked for consistency. The model monitors mouse movements for signs of indecision or distraction. When borrowers lie to get a loan, they often do so in predictable ways. In an EFL test, people are shown pictures of five drinks and asked which one they would be. Choosing water over something with small bubbles may be a sign of cheating.
This sounds fanciful, but there is evidence that it works. In one Indonesian bank, combining psychometrics with existing customer data cut default (违约) rates for small businesses by 45%. A study by the World Bank found that EFL’s model increased lending to those without a credit history.
The technique needs further development. At present, turning to credit bureaus is still the best way to tell if somebody will repay a loan. But bureaus improve more slowly than technology. Lenders will find ever more ways to look into their customers’ souls.
1. What are the figures intended to show in paragraph 2?| A．Uncertain property of poor people. | B．Racial discrimination from lenders. |
| C．Current weakness of credit bureaus. | D．Great risks brought by credit scores. |
| A．Its data confirm some ideas. | B．It has been greatly improved. |
| C．Its effects vary with cultures. | D．It can’t tell characters exactly. |
| A．Lenders’ answers. | B．Drinks with bubbles. |
| C．Borrowers’ responses. | D．Pictures of five drinks. |
| A．It is beyond the expectation | B．It will replace credit bureaus. |
| C．It will be mature in the future. | D．It has won most lenders’ love. |
1. 人际关系方面的一些建议；
2. 合理的开头结尾。
注意：词数100左右，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。抬头和落款已为你写好。
人际关系：interpersonal relationship 人际交往：interpersonal communication
Dear Will,
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Best wishes,
Li Hua
8 . Going Solo to a wedding? Make Yourself Welcome.
Taylor was nervous when walking into the wedding of her friend Gabrielle. She’s not alone. Attending a wedding by yourself can bring anxiety, especially for people who are single and feeling lonely.
Dress to Impress
Wearing something that will make you feel comfortable and confident is key.
A Smooth Arrival
The first thing to do when you enter an event space is find the bathroom. Take a look in the mirror and get situated. Then, go to the bar and grab a glass of water or a drink.
Conversation
After dinner and some chitchat, there’s no harm in leaving if you don’t feel like you want to stay any longer on your own.
| A．But the effort and the presence are what count. |
| B．People are more willing to talk to you if you do that. |
| C．If a conversation doesn’t go as expected, don’t get discouraged |
| D．You may want to make an excuse and stay home, but don’t do that. |
| E．Talking to people who are also waiting at the bar is a great way to start. |
| F．Introduce yourself to everyone at the table, whether there is arranged seating or not. |
| G．For her friend’s wedding, Taylor wore a floral dress and was feeling herself that day. |
9 . Our neighbors had a loud party last night. We weren’t
What
And it really worked in their favor. My husband and I were so friendly that even when the event went past the
It takes such little effort to make people feel that they
| A．located | B．explored | C．challenged | D．invited |
| A．struggled | B．impressed | C．ashamed | D．embarrassed |
| A．later | B．closer | C．earlier | D．further |
| A．exciting | B．frightening | C．confusing | D．amazing |
| A．phone number | B．room number | C．account number | D．identification number |
| A．anxiously | B．politely | C．regularly | D．intelligently |
| A．imagination | B．consideration | C．assumption | D．comment |
| A．appointed | B．reliable | C．informal | D．respectful |
| A．come across | B．turn up | C．figure out | D．get through |
| A．respond | B．refer | C．add | D．lead |
| A．prefer | B．succeed | C．matter | D．access |
| A．sleep | B．maintain | C．travel | D．relax |
| A．noticed | B．delivered | C．rated | D．proved |
| A．smile | B．noise | C．passion | D．trouble |
| A．significance | B．apology | C．communication | D．inspiration |
10 . Teens often find themselves in difficult situations with friends where they struggle to communicate their needs or their values. Even when their gut(直觉)is telling them that someone is crossing a line, they may struggle to express that the situation is making them uncomfortable. For this reason, parents need to work with their teens to establish boundaries with others.
Although boundaries are different for everyone, when done correctly, they help teens set limits with others in order to protect themselves. Setting boundaries allows teens to communicate with other people about what is OK and what is not OK with them and is important to teen friendships.
What are boundaries? Boundaries are limits teens establish in order to protect themselves in some way from being hurt, manipulated(操纵), or taken advantage of. As an expression of self-worth, boundaries let other people know who they are, what they value, and how they want to be treated. Additionally, boundaries help to create space between teens and other people when they need it.
Learning how to set boundaries - both physical and emotional - is an important part of growing up. It’s also essential to developing friendships that are respectful, supportive and healthy.
Unfortunately, though, many teens have trouble setting boundaries with their friends; and when this happens, it puts them at risk for everything from unhealthy friendships to bullying(霸凌) or abuse.
Of course, setting boundaries isn’t easy. It’s uncomfortable and forces a teen to stand up for themselves. What’s more, communicating boundaries to other people can make for difficult conversations or uncomfortable situations. Yet, it’s one of the most important things that teens need to learn how to do.
1. Which of the following best explains “crossing a line” underlined in paragraph 1?| A．Sharing secrets. |
| B．Keeping in touch. |
| C．Behaving properly. |
| D．Going beyond accepted limits. |
| A．Their values and self-worth. |
| B．Their levels of independence. |
| C．Their ability to manipulate others. |
| D．Their physical and mental health. |
| A．Easy. | B．Rewarding. | C．Boring. | D．Unnecessary. |
| A．The benefits of setting boundaries. |
| B．The possible results of breaking boundaries. |
| C．Strategies for effectively setting boundaries. |
| D．The role of parents in helping teens set boundaries. |
