2 . A social phobia (恐惧症) in an anxiety disorder with strong fear in social situations.     1     when other people are around. Here are some suggestions to overcome social phobia.

Learn to relax. People with a social phobia often have anticipatory (预期的) anxiety.     2    . For this, we have to learn to relax instead of having the fear of the future situation. Besides, imagination can play tricks on us in social situations. In most cases you are afraid of things that have not happened or are not happening.     3    . However, that only exists in your mind. So, just learn to relax and enjoy just like everyone else is doing.

Be yourself. To some degree, social phobia is caused by the belief that we have to be perfect as others expect.     4    . So we do not have to focus so much on what others may think of us, but on feeling comfortable with ourselves without having to be perfect.

    5    . If we always avoid social situations out of fear, it is very difficult for us to be able to overcome them. If we try to relate to the outside of our usual circle, we will feel more comfortable little by little. In this way, when a social event arrives that we want to attend or take part in, we will be better able to be comfortable in it.

A．Look for social situations

B．Be imaginative in solving social issues

C．Perhaps you have a phobia about flying

D．We have to learn to accept and trust ourselves

E．In other words, they worry about the situation before it happens

F．You are held back by worrying about of what others may be thinking of you

G．People with social phobia feel fear, as well as nervousness, pain or shyness

3 . So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately, thanks to modern technology, the people you miss are often only a phone call or a text message away. According to science, if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to, you should call them instead of texting.

In a study, researchers did various experiments. In one, they asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone, and they asked people to do one or the other at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more mortifying, it actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus email, and they did not feel uncomfortable,” co-author Amit Kumar said.

In another experiment, researchers had strangers connect by texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio (音频). They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they communicated via text.

Sabrina Romanoff, a psychologist, says people tend to text instead of calling because of convenience, as they can organize information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person.

Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient considering the effects of the message,” she explains. “Each part is more present, and therefore, it is able to figure out the meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking on the endless possible meanings behind words.”

1. What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Puzzling.

B．Exciting.

C．Embarrassing.

D．Satisfying.

2. What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the study?

A．It takes more patience.	B．It brings people closer.
C．It proves more relaxing.	D．It makes people more friendly.

3. Why do people consider texting convenient?

A．They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.

B．They would easily keep the messages for future use.

C．They can freely express their good or bad feelings.

D．They would avoid some unpleasant topics.

4. What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph?

A．It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.

B．It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.

C．People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.

D．People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.

5 . We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.

But the most harmful relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But it’s not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but devalue your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.

Groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.

Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people talked about controversial (具有争议性的) topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”

The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is obvious, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.

One reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can break the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.

Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more distressing to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.

1. Which of the following can be considered as a frenemy?

A．Your neighbor’s kid who advises you to study hard but kill his own time.

B．Your classmate who admires your hard work at first, but doubts your intelligence later.

C．Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.

D．Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a reasonable amount of homework while ensuring enough sleep.

2. What does the underlined word “distressing” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Upsetting.

B．Satisfying.

C．Inspiring.

D．Confusing.

3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is strong.

B．Ambivalent relationships have a long-lasting effect on your well-being.

C．The common cause of high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.

D．Interactions in ambivalent relationships are more painful than those in negative ones.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Negative relationships are bad for health.	B．Ambivalent relationships are unpredictable.
C．Ambivalent Relationships are the most harmful.	D．Positive relationships are better than negative ones.

6 . While scientists have many ideas, they are not certain why humans yawn(打哈欠). Still, there is one thing experts know—yawns seem to be contagious(传染)!

Have you ever caught a yawn from someone else? Most people have. In fact, a person is six times more likely to yawn after seeing someone else do so. Experts have done many studies into why yawns seem to pass from person to person. As a result, they have a few theories(理论) for the reason behind it.

One possible explanation has something to do with social mirroring, which is caused by mirror neurons(镜像神经元) in the brain. These mirror neurons help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another yawn, his mirror neurons observe the action and consider it to be beneficial. That may cause him to yawn, too.

Another popular theory is that yawns are contagious because of social relationships. Being social creatures, humans form friendships, families and live together in groups. That’s why many people mirror others, such as smiling when another person smiles. Yawning may be just another example of this. In fact, research has shown that one is most likely to catch yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship.

The answer could even be that yawns aren’t truly contagious at all. Instead, people yawn together simply because they’re in the same environment. Experts say many things may cause yawning, including temperature and time of day. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that contagious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns.

1. What kind of behavior may be copied by mirror neurons?

A．Important and attractive.	B．Useful and beneficial.
C．Hard to understand.	D．Easy to copy.

2. Whose yawns are people most likely to catch according to Paragraph 4?

A．Those who yawn a lot.	B．Those who like smiling.
C．Those closely connected with them.	D．Those sharing the same interest with them.

3. What might the author continue talking about in the following paragraph?

A．Tips on how to avoid yawning in public.

B．A real explanation for contagious yawning.

C．Other examples of animals yawning together.

D．Things that may cause yawning among humans.

4. Which of the following serves as the best title?

A．Why yawns are contagious	B．What causes people to yawn
C．Who yawns more than others	D．Why humans yawn now and then

9 . How to Deal with Nosy (好管闲的) People

Nosy people are everywhere. They are just too much for us to tolerate. However, no matter what type of nosy people you meet, there are ways you can use to get out of the situation.       1    

Respond. Do not react.

When someone starts asking personal questions one after another, you might get confused as to why. When you find yourself in this situation, remind yourself to slow down.     2     Be mindful of the situation and try to respond wisely. You don’t owe (欠) an answer to the other person.

Answer them reasonably without showing too much.

One great way is to give a satisfactory answer without saying too many details. This way, you will satisfy their curiosity and keep your personal boundaries (界线) .     3     For instance, your loved one might ask, “I heard you had a fight with your husband. What happened?” You could say, “Nothing serious. We are fine.” This will let them know you are fine and you needn’t say the details!

    4    

Sometimes, you just don’t feel like answering the other person’s questions. It could be because they have no business knowing the details. It could also be that they are rude. So, if someone asks you a personal question, you could politely decline to answer by saying, “Sorry, but I am not comfortable discussing my private matters like this.”

Show a lack of enthusiasm.

Your body language tells a lot about you. It tells other people whether you are interested in talking to them, whether you are having a good time and so on. So, if you want to communicate that you don’t appreciate them being nosy, you can do so with your body language. How do you do this? Easy! Just show a lack of enthusiasm.       5    

A．Avoid talking with them.

B．Politely decline to answer.

C．So, give yourself time to react.

D．There is no need to feel rushed at all!

E．Use this way when the other person is a loved one.

F．Give brief answers and don’t look them in the eye too much.

G．Follow the ones below and you will find it easy to deal with them.