| A．Dieting. | B．Exercise. | C．Chocolate. |
2 . With low or no-carbohydrate diets rising in popularity in recent times, the potato is now regularly overlooked in favour of other vegetables. In fact, research literature has previously indicated potatoes may have a detrimental effect on health, such as increasing the possibility of developing Type2 diabetes(糖尿病).
However, new research done by Edith Cowan University (ECU) has shown while potatoes may not have all the same benefits as some other vegetables, such as lowering risk of Type 2 diabetes, health issues associated with potatoes may actually be due to how people are preparing them and what they’re eating them with.
A recent analysis of this study led by Dr Nicola Bondonno from ECU’s Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute found people who consumed the most vegetables were 21 percent less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than those who consumed the least amount of vegetables. PhD candidate Pratik Pokharel carried out work on the analysis and said while potatoes didn’t have the same impact on Type 2 diabetes, they also didn’t have any negative effect.
“In Denmark, people consume potatoes prepared in many different ways. In our study, we could distinguish between the different preparation methods. When we separated boiled potatoes from mashed potatoes(土豆泥), fries or crisps, boiled potatoes were no longer associated with a higher risk of diabetes: They had a zero effect,” said Pokharel.
“In our study, people who ate the most potatoes also consumed more butter, red meat and soft drinks-foods known to increase your risk of Type 2 diabetes,” said Pokharel. “We should separate potatoes from other vegetables in regard to messaging about disease prevention but replacing refined grains such as white rice and pasta(意大利面食)with potatoes can improve your diet quality because of fibre and other nutrients found in potatoes.”
1. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Magical. | B．Protective. | C．Fantastic. | D．Negative. |
| A．The effects they have caused. | B．The ways they are consumed. |
| C．The places where they are planted. | D．The results previous studies have shown. |
| A．Fries. | B．Crisps. | C．Boiled potatoes. | D．Mashed potatoes. |
| A．Critical. | B．Opposed. | C．Indifferent. | D．Objective. |
3 . A balanced diet comprising of diverse and healthy foods is the key to promoting good health. After all we are what we eat — research continues to prove that eating healthy food promotes good health and unhealthy food habits lead to a diseased body. Foods contain vital nutrients that aid our body’s metabolic function. However, a lack of consumption of these nutrients or feeding upon the wrong kinds of food leads to an accumulation of toxins within the body resulting in chronic (慢性的) diseases in the long run.
A nutritious diet while ensuring overall well being helps to maintain a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI) reduces the risk of several debilitating diseases like cancer cardiovascular ailments diabetes osteoporosis and stroke. Thus a nutritious and healthy diet is important in the prevention and cure of various diseases.
There are several health conditions that can be caused or aggravated (加重) by the food we eat. However there are also several foods that you can include in your diet to help prevent or treat diseases. It is simplest to draw up a balanced diet chart as this will ensure that you get all the nutrients you require on a regular basis. A nutrition diet chart is a diet chart that helps you to keep a track of your nutritional diet requirements and is a very useful tool when drawing up a personalized diet plan.
However it must be noted that allopathic medicine treats the symptoms rather than the root cause of the disease which is usually caused by wrong eating habits leading to an accumulation of toxins within the system. Whereas a nutritious healthy diet can rectify underlying causes of diseases and restore one to wholeness of mind and body. Once we realize the connection between a wholesome balanced diet and good health our food will be our medicine and maintaining good health will be a matter of making the right food choices and leading a healthy lifestyle.
1. According to the passage, what can we do to make sure we have the nutrients we need?| A．Curing diseases promptly. |
| B．Eating more nutritious food. |
| C．Drawing a nutrition diet chart. |
| D．Drawing a personalized diet plan. |
| A．We will become something we eat. |
| B．We are no different from what we eat. |
| C．Healthy food can promote good health. |
| D．Healthy food won’t lead to a diseased body. |
| A．A constant lack of consumption of nutrients may lead to chronic diseases in the long run. |
| B．A balanced diet chart can help you carry out a personalized diet plan to mainly lose weight. |
| C．A nutritious diet can cure cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis and stroke. |
| D．A nutritious and healthy diet is the only key to preventing and curing diseases. |
4 . Migraine is a disease that has a number of symptoms (症状), including head pain that can stick around from four hours to several days. While migraines can happen partly because of genetic (基因的) problems, attacks may happen by chance, set off by a cause in the environment.
One common cause is food, and some common dietary causes include alcohol, salt, sugar, chocolate, and caffeine. But there are many others, and scientists continue to identify more. Last year, for example, a Brazilian study found that watermelons brought on a headache within minutes in about 30 percent of the participants.
Some new researches are looking at which foods and what kinds of diets can prevent or lessen migraines. A new study published last year by a team of researchers found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people ease their headaches. In the study, those on a diet lower in vegetable oil and higher in fatty fish had a 30 to 40 percent reduction in total headache hours per day, serious headache hours per day, and overall headache days per month compared to the control group.
Tanya Kamka had suffered weekly migraines for most of her life. Then, in her 50s, she joined the NIH diet experiment and increased her intake of fish. After only a few months, “I haven’t had a migraine, not even a mild one, in over two years.” she says.
For others, the solution comes from plants, not fish. A 60-year-old man joined a study on the food-migraine link and turned to a diet, which includes a lot of dark, leafy greens. After two months he was experiencing only one migraine a month instead of the 18 to 24 a month he’d suffered before.
Clearly, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. What works for one person may not work for another.
1. What do we know about migraine from paragraph 1?| A．It is related to sleep time. | B．It never runs in the family. |
| C．It lasts for at least three hours. | D．It can be caused by the environment. |
| A．The length of migraine. | B．Foods that lead to migraine. |
| C．The most common cause of migraine. | D．A Brazilian study about migraine. |
| A．Fish oils. | B．Vegetable oils. |
| C．All kinds of fat. | D．Various Vegetables. |
| A．It varies from person to person. | B．It can only stay for a short time. |
| C．It depends on the age of a patient. | D．It is connected to how much one takes. |
My mother is crazy about Sichuan hotpot, which reminds her
6 . Eating chips, chocolates and cakes may damage a child’s intelligence, according to researchers at Bristol University. Their study suggests a link between diet high in processed(加工的) food and a slightly lower IQ. Writing in the journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, they suggest poor nutrition may affect brain development.
The eating habits of 3,966 children taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were recorded at the ages of three, four, seven and eight and a half. The researchers said three types of diet appeared: processed diet which was high in fat and sugar and fast food, traditional diet of meat, potatoes and vegetables, and healthy diet of salads, fruit and fish. The children all took IQ tests when they were eight and a half.
The researchers found a link between IQ and diet, even after taking into consideration other factors such as the mother’s level of education and the social class. Diet high in processed food at the age of three was related to a slightly lower IQ at the age of eight and a half, suggesting early eating habits had a long-term influence. Dr Pauline Emmett, who carried out the study at Bristol University, said, “Brain development is much faster in early life, and it’s when it does most of its growing.”
Although the relationship between diet and IQ was very strong, the influence was quite small. Processed food was linked with IQs only a few points lower. Experts in the field said the results had shown common sense was right. Fiona Ford, spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association, said, “It’s well worth looking at the long-term influence of diet, for everyone’s familiar with the short term. The research agrees with the type of advice we already know, but that’s not always enough. Sometimes a society has to help a person change; we need to educate more young parents about healthy eating.”
1. All the following can lead to a slightly lower IQ except _______.| A．birthday cakes | B．fruit salads |
| C．chocolates | D．KFC food |
| A．one year and a half | B．two years and a half |
| C．four years and a half | D．five years and a half |
| A．Diet affects people’s intelligence greatly. |
| B．The research has shown the short-term influence of diet. |
| C．The British Dietetic Association has known the results of the research. |
| D．The British Dietetic Association has a duty to encourage young parents to adopt healthy diet. |
| A．Processed food reduces children’s intelligence. |
| B．Healthy food makes children grow rapidly. |
| C．Eating habits change children’s intelligence. |
| D．Proper diet makes children wise and healthy. |
7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Hospital Food — The Best Medicine
Few sick people consider the quality of the food when choosing a hospital. That is perhaps just as well. Even in America, a country where private hospitals have long provided individual rooms with such comforts as personal cable television, patients are often still fed institutional food “Mystery meat” and
More hospitals are starting to feed their patients better food. Inter-mountain, a nonprofit group based in Utah that runs 32 hospitals across the Mountain West, has since 2019 served freshly made meals to patients. Chefs in proper kitchens now source local ingredients to serve in cafeterias. Doctors are consulted to meet patients’ dietary needs. Christopher Delissio, the head chef at Inter-mountain, describes
The link between eating well and good health has long been clear, says David Eisenberg, a nutrition specialist at the Harvard School of Public Health. Heart disease, which has a direct connection to diet, is America’s
A decade ago Henry Ford Hospital in West Bloomfield, outside Detroit, opened a teaching kitchen
Challenges remain. Doctors do not get paid more
8 . Can energy drinks really make you energetic? A survey, by Cancer Council Australia among more than 9000 students across the country, found teenagers who were bitten by the energy drinks bug and drank energy drinks at least once a day were twice as likely to get less than eight hours’ sleep on school night than those who didn’t.
The same survey found one in six teenagers take in at least 5.2kg of sugar each year from sugary drinks alone. “This can lead to weight gain and obesity, increasing the risk of heart and kidney disease, type2 diabetes, stroke and some cancers,” Mr Sinclair said, who led the survey. Craig Sinclair, head of Rethink Sugary Drink, said the levels of sugar in energy drinks are very high, causing teenagers to put on weight.
The survey also found the caffeine (咖啡因) levels of the drinks is also high and this could explain the survey results on their effect on teenage sleep. Energy drinks contain 160mg of caffeine, more than twice as much as a cup of coffee or a 500ml bottle of cola, Mr Sinclair said. The Sleep Health Foundation says teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep, more than an adult, because their bodies and cognition are growing rapidly. Sleep is important for teen mental health and the US Sleep Foundation says shortage of sleep can contribute to acne, bad behaviour and unhealthy eating habits. Associate Professor Matthew Hopcraft from the Australian Dental Association Victoria said energy drinks are also a major contributing factor to tooth decay and tooth erosion.
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital heart doctor Professor Chris Semsarian has tested the effects of energy drinks on the heart and said they can lead to an increased heart rate and irregular heart beat. “Caffeine is not the only stimulant (兴奋剂) part of these drinks, most also have guarana which is also a stimulant,” he said. Energy drinks have been related to scores of deaths around the world because of their high caffeine content.
1. What does the underlined phrase “bitten by the energy drink bug”?| A．Tired of energy drinks. | B．Equipped with energy drinks. |
| C．Fascinated by energy drinks. | D．Attacked by an insect in energy drinks. |
| A．The high levels of caffeine. | B．The high levels of sugar. |
| C．The high levels of alcohol. | D．The shortage of exercise. |
| A．They can bring about decreased heart rate. |
| B．They can result in blood pressure rising. |
| C．They can lead to heart stopping working. |
| D．They can contribute to heart beating irregularly. |
| A．Energy Drinks’ Functions | B．Energy Drinks’ Harmful Effects |
| C．Energy Drinks’ Effect on Sleep | D．Different Opinions of Energy Drinks |
9 . Many people who want to lose weight often choose to go on a diet. But is this really the best way? With celebrities (名人) speaking about new diets that have helped them become slim (苗条的) in advertisements (广告), more and more people are turning to dieting. Some shops begin to sell diet products such as diet milkshakes, snack bars and even diet pills. However, such popular products and diets are often found to be extremely unhealthy.
Most of these popular diets work by cutting down on a certain nutrient (营养素) from your food intake (摄入量). For example, some diets work by cutting down on carbohydrates (碳水化合物). This means the body must use its fat reserves for energy. This might help you lose weight. However, by cutting a particular food group out of your diet, you are starving your body of a nutrient that it needs, which could leave you feeling weak, tired or even bad-tempered. Besides, these diets are often unsuccessful in the long run.
Generally, one of the most effective ways of losing weight is to cut down on calories. The recommended (推荐的) calorie intake for an adult male is 2,500. If a man consumes more than 2,500 calories each day, then he is likely to gain weight. However, if he consumes less, then he is likely to lose weight.
In fact, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an important role in staying healthy, which is why they all should be included in your meals. Of course, some foods can be eaten in moderation (节制) as an occasional snack. For example, a bar of chocolate every once in a while won't cause you any problems.
So, instead of spending money on popular diet pills or special weight loss foods, try to eat healthy balanced meals containing foods from all food groups. So, next time your friends tell you that they are going on a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better choice.
1. What is the author's opinion about the popular diets mentioned in the passage?| A．They are useful for losing weight. |
| B．They are welcomed by celebrities. |
| C．They are not as healthy as people think. |
| D．They are replacing people's everyday meals. |
| A．Curious. | B．Unfavorable. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Supportive. |
| A．By having diet pills. | B．By following a strict diet. |
| C．By taking regular exercise. | D．By reducing calorie intake. |
| A．Diet products should be limited. |
| B．Snacking is a big no-no for health. |
| C．Keeping a diet with various nutrients is ideal. |
| D．Going on a diet should be stopped immediately. |
| A．Junk food. | B．Healthy food. | C．Delivered food. |
