1 . An increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a new weight loss trend. But that’s not the goal; instead, reducetarianism is about cutting down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy for you and the planet. “But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan”, says Brian Kateman, co-founder of the Reducetarian Foundation. So he has a simple message for us: “Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.” Compared with a vegetarian, reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.

The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods. Animal products often replace fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, leading to lack of nutrients from them. A more plant-based diet can help lower the risk of health problems including heart disease, colon cancer, and obesity. And research shows the climate impact from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods. This is largely because it takes much more land, water, and other resources to produce a pound of meat than plant protein, says Dana Ellis, a dietitian.

The type of meat you buy matters too. Grass-fed meat — from animals raised without antibiotics (抗生素) — tend to be the more sustainable options. By grazing, cows encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil, which may help offset cattle’s climate impact, according to a study published in 2021.

Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian. The message of reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by making small changes in how you eat and shop for food. And that’s something we all can accomplish.

1. What does reducetarianism refer to?

A．A new weight loss trend.	B．A healthy diet with little meat.
C．An idea of accepting imperfection.	D．An approach to being a vegetarian.

2. Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?

A．It ensures all the nutrients needed.	B．It does less damage to the environment.
C．It helps to free people from diseases.	D．It allows people to obtain more protein.

3. Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?

A．A meat lover.

B．A cow raiser.

C．A keen environmentalist.

D．A devoted vegetarian.

4. What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?

A．Small changes in diet better man and the earth.	B．Any quantity of food waste should be avoided.
C．Reducetarianism is something far from perfect.	D．Food produced locally can offer more nutrition.

2 . Parents can cut the chances of their children getting fat simply by keeping them longer at table. Just three extra minutes at a family mealtime could help avoid child fatness. Research found that the reasons might lie in communication and the importance of a scheduled mealtime.

Dr.Barbara Fiese said, “ Children, whose families have a 20­minute meal over four times a week, weigh less than kids who leave the table after 15 to 17 minutes. Over time, those extra minutes per meal add up and become really powerful.”

Researchers studied 200 family mealtimes, testing the influences of mealtime behavior of families with children in primary school. They found that families, who said that shared mealtimes were an important part of family life and had special meaning for them, were less likely to have fat children. Similarly, families, who talked more together and communicated more positively during the meal, were more likely to have healthy­weight children.

Teaching families how to make the most of family mealtimes was a wise idea. Dr. Fiese said, “ This is something we can target and teach.” She added. “It’s also important to recognize the increasing differences of families and their sometimes complex living schedules that may challenge their abilities to plan ahead and set some time to communicate with each other.”

Families in poorer US neighborhoods faced a lot of problems, including poor chances of getting healthy food. But even so, regular high quality family mealtimes made a difference to the children’s weight. Dr. Fiese said, “Three to four extra minutes per meal will make a healthy weight more possible.”

1. How long is reasonable for a family mealtime according to the text?

A．About 10 minutes.

B．About 15 minutes.

C．About 17 minutes.

D．About 20 minutes.

2. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 3?

A．The result of a study.

B．Different eating habits.

C．Causes of child fatness.

D．The importance of normal eating.

3. What is the advantage of a longer family mealtime?

A．Children can enjoy their meals better.

B．Children can have a good rest while eating.

C．Children can communicate more during the time.

D．Children can have more time to choose what they like.

4. What can be the best title of the text?

A．Mealtime Talk Helps Lose Weight.

B．Poorer Families Have Thinner Kids.

C．Healthy Food Makes Normal Weight.

D．Longer Family Mealtime Help Child Fatness.

3 . Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes(糖尿病), according to a research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2020.

“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M. Maruthur, associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn't clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of eating in the day.”

Maruthur and colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants(参与者)（90%）were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time-restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study；then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.

The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure no matter when they ate. "We thought that the time-restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did not see any difference in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”

The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will bring this information together with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and other hormones and making analyses on the data. "Together, these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic(心血管代谢)health," Maruthur said.

1. What made this study different from earlier ones?

A．Participants' age.	B．Participants' daily eating time
C．The number of participants.	D．Research members.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Research procedure.	B．Research result.
C．Research purpose.	D．Research institution.

3. What do we know from Maruthur's words in paragraph 4?

A．Blood pressure is connected with eating time.

B．Taking in less calories earlier makes for weight loss.

C．Eat calories earlier doesn't affect weight loss.

D．Eating time determines your effect of losing weight.

4. What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph?

A．Stop research.	B．Announce findings.
C．Write essays.	D．Analyze data.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

We've all heard that breakfast is     1     most important meal in the day. It may actually be true. Recently, a study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older     2    (find) that people who have breakfast are more likely to lose     3    (weigh) than those who don't eat a morning meal. Other studies connect not eating breakfast     4    a higher risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and so on.

However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but     5    you eat also matters.     6    (keep)fit, you should have a balanced diet with protein, fiber and healthy fats, which is the key to a satisfying     7    nutritious breakfast . If you want to keep     8    (you) from being hungry later of the day, you'd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up. Also, coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be     9    (harm)to your body.

There is an old saying that advises "Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar. It is worth     10    (follow).

5 . I used to overeat. I’ve never been significantly overweight, so people are surprised to hear this. When you think of overeating, you think of someone who is above their natural weight range(范围), right? Well, I used to purposefully undereat as well. I was able to keep my weight within some control, but only through a lot of physical and mental pain.

Here’s a glimpse(一瞥)into my life as a first-year university student:

Friday: Go to a party and eat a lot of chips. Feel guilt and regret. Vow (发誓) to wake up and run an extra mile.

Saturday: Run 6 miles, come home and only eat a tiny breakfast. Eat like a bird for the rest of the day. Feel proud of myself.

Sunday: Study and snack on chocolate chips all day. Feel sick.

Monday: Head to class with no snack and no money so that I can’t buy any food. Feel hungry but full of willpower. Go home and overeat at dinner. Feel out of control.

My feelings were on a constant pendulum shift. I was proud and in control one moment, and then full of regret and out of control the next. It was exhausting.

As I studied nutrition and human anatomy(人体解剖学) in university，I started to learn just how amazing the human body is! The human body is an amazing, self-regulatory system. It knows precisely how much food it needs. When I learned this, my whole world changed. I stopped trying to manage my eating with willpower. Instead of trying to power through my hunger, I would provide my body with wholesome foods, so I would feel hungry less often.

This process definitely took some work and reflection, but after a while it became second nature. Eating has become a joyful experience, instead of a source of stress and worry in my life. All my eating is now guilt-free! I shamelessly eat unhealthy snacks without regret. Of course, the majority of my food intake does come from whole, healthy foods that are close to nature.

1. What do we know about the author when she was in college?

A．She was seriously overweight

B．She had unhealthy eating habits

C．She did little physical exercise

D．She got teased about her weight

2. The underlined part "on a constant pendulum shift" in the text can best be replaced by_______.

A．easily hurt	B．growing strong
C．poorly understood	D．changing regularly

3. What did the author do after studying nutrition and human anatomy?

A．She exercised in order to lose weight.

B．She began to listen to her body’s needs

C．She stopped eating unhealthy food

D．She started to go on a diet

4. How does the author develop the text?

A．By giving instructions

B．By explaining a process

C．By discussing research findings.

D．By sharing a personal experience

6 . Superfoods are things you eat that do more than satisfy your hunger because they help your body work better and be better. Think of your body as a car.     1    Our bodies are just the same.

Eating superfoods can change your life in many ways.    2    One reason for this is that many superfoods are naturally low in calories. Another reason is that sticking to eating them is very easy.

With most diets, people concentrate on what shouldn’t be eaten. With superfoods, they focus on all the great things they can cat.    3    Eating superfoods over time helps keep you looking young, fights heart disease and cures Type II diabetes and some cancers.

    4    While many are low in calories, some, such as whole grains, are still high in them. Eating just superfoods won’t make you instantly healthier.

Instead, getting a wide variety of foods, superfoods included, and doing your best to make healthy choices is the better solution.

Besides, with all the energy that is packed in superfoods, you will be ready for any challenge that awaits you. If you want to start adding superfoods to your diet, do it at your own pace.    5    

A．However, you should not eat just superfoods.

B．Taking one small step makes it easier to take the next.

C．That is very true because you are eating energy-filled food.

D．The better the gas you put in your car, the better it will run.

E．There are other benefits to adding them to your diet as well.

F．Lastly, whether superfoods benefit your health remains to be seen.

G．Not surprisingly, people who start eating them lose weight quickly.

7 . Today，we are constantly bombarded with media reports about research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle or lose weight—but it’s hard to know which one to pick and，once chosen，it's harder still to stick to it.And now there’s another choice to get our teeth into.

A flexitarian(弹性素食者)diet involves eating plant—based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish.This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a stricter vegan(素食主义者)diet—another trend growing in popularity.And like veganism，flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds—it’s something people choose for ethical reasons，to help the planet.And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate，has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all by 2050.

This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this.But without a single solution，a combined approach is needed.Dr Marco Springmann from the University of Oxford was one of the lead authors of the report.He told the BBC“We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant—based diets.”

But whereas vegans think it's wrong for animals to be killed for food，flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable.And Dr Springmann agrees—as long as we“treat it as a luxury，it’s probably OK but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat，which includes beef and pork，per week.”And here’s another fact to digest:If we moved to this type of diet，the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To lead to the topic.	B．To entertain the readers.
C．To ask for information.	D．To present an idea.

2. From the text，we can know that a flexitarian diet__________.

A．is the most popular eating style	B．involves eating no meat
C．benefits the environment	D．only balances the nutrition

3. What does Dr Marco Springmann agree with?

A．It’s wrong to kill animals for food.

B．Improving farming practices makes no sense.

C．A plant-based diet has nothing to do with climate change.

D．Combined measures are needed for environmental protection.

4. What can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Methods of keeping fit	B．Choose a flexitarian diet
C．Measures to protect the environment	D．Keep a strict vegan diet

8 . 最近，你校不吃早餐的人越来越多，请你以“Do not skip our breakfast”为题给校报英语专栏写一篇短文，呼吁大家改掉这一不良习惯。

Do not skip our breakfast

Recently, the number of the students in our school who skip breakfast has increased greatly.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experi­ment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.
Opposite to what many people believe, if you don't eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.
1. During the test, those who were tested were given ________.

A．no breakfast at all

B．very rich breakfast

C．little food for breakfast

D．different breakfast or none

2. The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don't eat breakfast, you will _________.

A．lose weight	B．not lose weight
C．be healthier	D．gain a lot of weight

3. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A．Poor breakfasts affect those who work with brains.

B．Morning diet may cause one to get fatter.

C．Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing.

D．Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.

4. According to the passage, if a student does not eat breakfast, ___________.

A．he will fall ill

B．he will fail to listen to his teacher

C．he will not make progress in his study

D．his mind will work more slowly