1 . Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it.     1     Yet language is not the only way to express our ideas and feelings. Body movement, eye contact, gesture, and facial expression are other forms of language we call nonverbal communication.     2     According to Social Anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, in a normal conversation between two persons, less than 15% of social meaning is transmitted (传达) by words.

Different cultures have different ways of using nonverbal communication and people have different gestures to convey their expressions. However, nonverbal communication, like traffic, is not random (随意的);it has a purpose.     3     Learning the different common rules of body language in different cultures is very useful for us to understand each other better.

People coming from the same culture share common understanding by using the same body language such as eye management, facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.     4     For example, “arms”, which are used little by Nordics during a conversation, are an important element in one’s communicative weaponry (武器) in Italy, Spain, and South America.     5     In these cultures, one should stand with feet pressed together and hands interlaced (交错) in front of the body. In cultures such as America, where you often stand with your feet shoulder­length apart, arms at your side, standing in this fashion might be interpreted as being shy and insecure.

A．Misuse of body language can be unpleasant.

B．And there are common rules to guide its flow.

C．Without language, culture would not be possible.

D．Body language makes up the largest part of our nonverbal communication.

E．But in different cultures nonverbal communication takes on different patterns.

F．If you’ re learning a new language, a great way is to watch movies and TV shows.

G．In Africa, standing in a too “open” fashion, means that your posture might be inappropriate.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Body language is an important part of     1     (communicate). If you wish to communicate well, then it makes sense to understand how you can use your body to say     2     you mean. When you’re nervous, it shows in the way you’re standing or what you’re doing with your hands. The same goes for when you’re     3     (confidence). Standing tall and     4     (make) eye contact shows confidence. Think about someone like Oprah — when she walks onto a stage or into a room she controls it. It’s not just because she’s a well-known speaker,     5     because she performs like she owns the place.

If you want     6     (improve) your confidence before a job interview, presentation, big meeting, or any time really, take a power pose. One great power pose     7     (be) the “Wonder Woman” pose — your hands on your hips (髋部), legs out in a V shape, shoulders and back straight, and chin     8     (slight) up. Stay there for a few     9     (moment) thinking about how sure of yourself you are. Try it out for yourself and you’ll see     10     quickly it impacts you. But it’s probably not a good idea to use in the interview.

3 . Do you know that you can instantly change your state of mind just by smiling? Science has shown that when we produce a smile, our brain releases feel-good hormones (荷尔蒙) that reduce stress. You’ve already experienced the effects of smiling and laughing with friends and family — it’s an instant, free and joyful action.     1    

In a study, scientists Tara Kraft and Sarah Pressman studied 170 participants who were taught to hold chopsticks in their mouths in three different ways, making them smile to various degrees, while performing a stressful task. The experiment revealed that subjects whose facial muscles were forced into the biggest smiles, due to the chopsticks, experienced a substantial reduction in their heart rate along with quicker stress recovery.

Have you ever smiled at someone and not received a smile back? It may have happened a handful of times, but it’s usually the exception, not the rule.     2    

If you were waiting in line for a coffee and you could choose between a smiling server and one with a neutral expression on their face, who would you pick to take your order?     3     For me, compared to someone who is displaying a neutral or bad expression, a smiling person is going to seem more trustworthy.

    4     My sincere intention is to give you a deeper understanding of the mind-body connection, and access to simple tools to make a positive change in your life.

Whenever you find yourself in a stressful situation, be sure to smile.     5    

A．Most of us would feel drawn to the smiling server.

B．However, there is always someone who will break the rule.

C．Most people can’t help smiling back at you, even if it’s just to be polite.

D．The real message of this article is that you have the power to change your state of mind.

E．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”

F．It won’t instantly change your situation, but it absolutely will change how you feel about it.

G．Once you discover the science of how smiling improves your mood, you’ ll be smiling all the time.

4 . Certainly, there are many non-verbal cues that have completely different meanings in different cultures. One of the most important means of non-verbal communication in any culture is eye contact.

Eye Contact in Western Europe

On the one hand, the European customs of eye contact—especially in such countries as Spain, France and Germany—are similar to those in the United States. It is considered proper and polite to keep almost continuous eye contact with another person.     1    

On the other hand, Europeans often avoid eye contact in crowded public situations—such as while walking through a busy downtown or riding public transportation.     2     This may happen when he is interested in them and try to express his interest by making eye contact. Therefore, it is important for visitors to understand the full meanings of what they may be suggesting by returning the eye contact given by someone else.

Eye Contact in the Middle East

    3     But they do have similarities in their rules for the proper eye culture. Eye contact is much less common and considered less proper in many of these cultures than it is considered in the United States.     4     These rules are connected to religious laws. Only a short moment of eye contact would be permitted between a man and a woman, if at all.

As you can see, it is important to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture.     5     Learn how to use eye contact and other body language wisely so that you are regarded as polite, and so that you can better connect with people in a culture that is foreign to you!

A．Be careful not to make eye contact with women.

B．And this is especially true in business conversations.

C．Such a returning eye contact will be considered impolite.

D．All Middle Eastern cultures cannot be grouped into one class.

E．Before you travel, you’d better check out about the country you plan to visit.

F．Yet, in a country like France, a stranger may feel quite free to look at others.

G．What’s more, Middle Eastern cultures have strict rules regarding eye contact between the sexes.

5 . If you want to succeed in life, you need to express the proper body language, with or without having to say anything else. You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.

Relax your shoulders, keep your hands at your sides (never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly. Have a warm, welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating. Depending on the situation, you may smile when appropriate.

Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk. Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening.

Do not fold your arms, look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets. These can show that you are uninterested. If you have any comments, you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.

A lot of your body language can show how confident, interested, bored, angry or nervous you are. Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand.

You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point. If you’re enumerating things, it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.

Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with. It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say.

Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries of body language through actual contact. Remember that in body language, it is your body that does the talking for you.

1. According to the text, if you find a listener raising his eyebrows, he may ________.

A．try to show his anger	B．want to give his own opinion
C．not understand what you say	D．want to prove his confidence

2. The underlined word “enumerating” in Paragraph 6 may mean “________”.

A．considering	B．judging
C．numbering	D．discussing

3. What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with?

A．To walk at a slow pace.	B．To shake hands with every person.
C．To look down at the floor.	D．To fold your arms.

4. What is the most suitable title for the text?

A．The Power of Body Language	B．The Attraction of Body Language
C．The Origin of Body Language	D．The Understanding of Body Language

6 . Hand gestures (手势) have been commonly used in our daily communication. They add to the message by filling in what words sometimes leave behind. But are you somewhat aware of the history that goes behind some of these popular hand gestures?

◆Handshake

Whether you’re greeting someone for the first time, or successfully negotiating (商定) an agreement, shaking hands is usually the go-to gesture. Who decided on this customary gesture, anyway? The history of the handshake dates back to ancient Greece, showing that neither person was carrying a weapon.

◆Thumbs up and thumbs down

Maybe you’re familiar with the popular story of this hand gesture dating back to Roman times. When a gladiator (角斗士) lost, the crowd would either stick their thumbs out to have him killed or just not make any sign at all. The thumbs up decided the gladiator’s fate (命运) . After WWII, thumbs up only came to mean that things were going smoothly. And thumbs down meant the opposite.

◆High five

According to some sources, the high five first became popular when baseball players performed at Dodger Stadium on October 2, 1977. Glenn Burke, one of the capable players, lifted his am high above his head and slapped palms with his teammate Dusty Baker to celebrate a milestone home run, marking what is widely regarded as the first recorded example of a high five.

◆The fist bump

The fist bump comes from boxers in the 1970s after people began imitating how they touched gloves before a competition. Later, instead of shaking hands, first bumps became popular among basketball players. The gesture soon spread to all basketball lovers, and, before long, to the President of the United States.

1. What did “thumbs up” mean to a gladiator in Roman times?

A．Being cheered.

B．Being killed.

C．Being appreciated.

D．Being blamed.

2. Which gesture is in celebration of a home run?

A．

B．

C．

D．

3. Which aspect do all the four gestures mention?

A．The history.

B．The future.

C．The power.

D．The importance.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.

Body language is an important part of non-verbal (非言语的) communication. It refers to    1     use of physical behavior, gestures (手势) and expressions to     2     (communication). Body language shows a lot about what a person is thinking about and how a person is feeling. Positive body language can often make the other person feel comfortable. However, negative (消极的) body language shows that a person is unapproachable or uninterested.

    3     (be) able to read body language will help you understand the complete message one is trying to express and send out the right messages. Body language     4     (say) to make up 60% to 65% of all conversations in our daily life. Besides, around 93% of our     5    (impress) on others depends on the language our body speaks, and only 7% of that depends on what we verbally say.

You must have seen some excellent individuals     6     body language is so powerful. Such individuals know very well the words that come out of the mouth aren’t so important as gestures that are made.

All in all, your body language is a type of communication that     7     (make) up a large part of what you want     8     (share), and it also makes your verbal means more effective, as our actions speak louder     9     words. So, you had better master the positive     10     useful body language.

10 . Learning how to understand body language is essential if you’re serious about being a good communicator. When you know how to read body language, you can gain deeper insight into what others are really saying. You can also consciously improve your nonverbal communication.     1    .

Develop your emotional awareness

Being able to read body language signs allows you to better interpret the emotions and moods of other people. This enables you to understand what they really think or feel about something.     2    .

Bond better with your peers

Not everyone is comfortable sharing their true feelings or thoughts. They might be going through family difficulties at home.     3    . By interpreting people’s body language, you can better understand their views. Or you can be friendly and supportive when they need support but don’t feel that they can ask for it.

    4    

When you know how to read body language, you can know how to use it to build trust. You can consciously use nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that indicate you’re being open and honest. You can also avoid the cues that imply you’re distracted, dishonest, or hiding something

Get your point across in the right way

Another benefit of understanding body language is that you can use it to better get your point across. You can consciously incorporate gestures and other nonverbal cues that emphasize your point rather than contradict it.     5    . Consciously using different types of nonverbal communication can help you appear confident, even if you don’t feel it. You can also emphasize your message and inspire trust, as mentioned. Altogether, this helps you make a good first impression and builds your influence on others.

A．Build trust more easily

B．Understand others more easily

C．They might feel that no one would listen to them

D．Besides, it can help you make a good impression

E．You can then respond to them in the appropriate way

F．It keeps you from picking up what others really mean

G．Let’s explore the benefits of understanding body language