1 . Have you experienced a condition when listening to a very loud music makes your heartbeat so fast that you can actually feel the heavy beating? From this experience, we can conclude that loud and fast music_______ the heart rate. Therefore, we have a feeling of high ________ and stress when we listen to loud and fast music. On the contrary, soft music is ______ to a slower heart rate. People who listen to relaxing music have a slower heart rate, _______ to those listening to loud and fast music, or those not listening to music at all.

But why does this happen? Experiments found that the ______ of music on the heart is based on the functioning of the brain. When we hear music, the sound waves are translated into electrical impulses (神经冲动) by the _______. As it is related to the increasing and decreasing of the heart rate, the related effect is produced. Now, is it that only ______ music brings out this effect? Well, listening to soft or relaxing music is surely more ________. However, listening to any type of music you like can be ________, rather than not listening to any music at all.

It is believed that people who have a slower heart rate have a longer life. _______, people having a faster heart rate are at a greater ________ of suffering from cardiovascular (心血管的) diseases. Therefore, having a slower heart rate makes you live a longer and healthier life. When________ slows down the heart rate, it brings about a feeling of ________. Therefore, it is used as a ________ technique. We can conclude by saying that the phrase “Music heals (治疗) the heart” is not just a saying, but a(n) ________!

1.

A．obtains

B．evaluates

C．measures

D．increases

2.

A．nature

B．anxiety

C．respect

D．security

3.

A．integrated

B．changed

C．linked

D．marked

4.

A．compared

B．adapted

C．exposed

D．opposed

5.

A．style

B．effect

C．fantasy

D．beauty

6.

A．structure

B．music

C．brain

D．equipment

7.

A．normal

B．folk

C．modern

D．soft

8.

A．abnormal

B．unbearable

C．unforgettable

D．beneficial

9.

A．helpful

B．joyful

C．grateful

D．doubtful

10.

A．Interestingly

B．Similarly

C．Absolutely

D．Unbelievably

11.

A．limit

B．competition

C．risk

D．fame

12.

A．temperature

B．medicine

C．dance

D．music

13.

A．selflessness

B．helplessness

C．calmness

D．sadness

14.

A．learning

B．relaxation

C．permission

D．cooperation

15.

A．fact

B．resource

C．advice

D．intention

2 . Female penguins get stranded

Every year, thousands of Magellanic penguins (麦哲伦企鹅) get stranded along the coast of South America, but, _________ about 75% of those that get stuck are female. Now scientists say they have worked out what is behind the gender _________: the females migrate further north than males.

Magellanic penguins finish breeding in Patagonia in February, and, during the _________ winter months, head north, reaching as far as Brazil, in search of anchovies (风尾鱼). But every year thousands become stranded, with many _________ to safety on board military aircraft by human.

Writing in the journal Current Biology, researchers in Japan and Argentina report how they _________ tracking device to eight male and six female penguins in 2017 and tracked where the birds went after they left the breeding grounds of Cabo dos Bahfa in Argentina and began the migration north in April.

Previously it was unknown whether male and female’s took different paths or not. “Although some _________ are made, the exact reason for the _________ stranding has been unknown due to the lack of information on their behavior outside the breeding season.” said Takashi Yamamoto, a co-author of the report from the Institute of Statistical Mathematics in Japan.

The results from the study offer a clearer picture. _________ the authors note that only a small number of penguins were tracked, all the female’s generally traveled further north. The male, meanwhile, predominantly stuck to waters of the Argentinian coast. The study also found male _________ dived deeper than female’s: about 59 metres compared with about 35 metres.

The authors offer a number of reasons why males and females may head to different areas— including to avoid __________ for food—and why they dive to different __________ —the females’ smaller bodies may restrict the depths they can reach. They also suggest the different sexes may seek waters of different temperatures, with the __________ females preferring warmer, shallower surroundings.

While researchers are still trying to understand why penguins end up stranded, Yamamoto and colleague’s suggest those that end up further north may have used more energy swimming or catching __________ prey, leaving them exhausted. Climate change, pollution in the area or injury from fishing equipment could also play a role. Reports of standings have noted that many penguins are unwell or exhausted, with some even washing up dead.

“__________, plastic remains have been reported in the stomach of beach-washed Magellanic penguins,” said Yamamoto, adding that a stewed sex ratio could potentially lead to a population decline.

While the findings may not help prevent strandings, Yamamoto said it could help with __________ of the species. “If we do not consider any action, such as marine zoning, I expect that the number of stranding individuals will increase.”

1.

A．desperately

B．puzzlingly

C．obviously

D．undoubtedly

2.

A．combination

B．frustration

C．conflict

D．imbalance

3.

A．following

B．previous

C．starting

D．finished

4.

A．dismissed

B．withdrawn

C．airlifted

D．extended

5.

A．attached

B．equipped

C．lifted

D．injected

6.

A．evaluations

B．assumptions

C．descriptions

D．conclusions

7.

A．deep-rooted

B．ice-covered

C．storm-stricken

D．female-biased

8.

A．Because

B．While

C．After

D．When

9.

A．legally

B．physically

C．typically

D．simply

10.

A．searching

B．competing

C．asking

D．defending

11.

A．widths

B．levels

C．depths

D．rates

12.

A．lighter

B．heavier

C．rougher

D．smoother

13.

A．fixed

B．scared

C．deposited

D．scattered

14.

A．After all

B．In addition

C．However

D．For example

15.

A．perseverance

B．conversation

C．conservation

D．reservation

3 . Coffee is increasingly earning scientists’ approval. Studies continue to suggest that the beverage (饮料) may have some __________ effects on health.

In the latest analysis, published in the BMJ, researchers scanned nearly 220 studies on coffee and found that__________, coffee drinkers may enjoy more health benefits than people who don’t drink the brew.

Scientists learned that people who drank coffee were 17% less likely to die early during the study period from any__________, 19% less likely to die of heart disease and 18% less likely to develop cancer, compared to people who did not drink coffee. Research group found that the strongest benefit __________ among people who drank around three cups of coffee a day.

Other studies have tried to figure out which ingredients in coffee __________ to its health benefits. Those might include its antioxidants (抗氧化剂), which can combat cancer, and anti-inflammatory (抗炎的) compounds, which can reduce the __________ of chronic (慢性的) diseases such as heart conditions and even nerve disorders like Alzheimer’s, __________ that of liver diseases.

__________ research results support moderate coffee drinking as a relatively healthy habit, some experts say the findings don’t go far enough to __________ the changes of their coffee-drinking habits in the hopes of improving their health. The study did not confirm, for example, that people who do not __________ drink coffee should start adding a cup or two a day in order to lower health risk. The __________ also do not support the idea that current coffee drinkers should drink even more coffee to enhance whatever benefits they might be receiving. Too much coffee, the survey suggested, starts to bend the benefit curve back down.

The only negative health effects the review found were __________ women, who were at slightly higher risk of developing cracks in the bones if they drank more coffee. Pregnant women who drank more coffee __________ have higher rates of miscarriage, more premature births and more babies born with low birthweight than women who drank less coffee, the study found.

The findings should be reassuring for coffee drinkers, as long as they drink__________. Further studies will hopefully look deeper into the type and __________ of coffee that brings the most health benefit.

1.

A．definite

B．creative

C．ideal

D．beneficial

2.

A．average

B．total

C．overall

D．besides

3.

A．possibility

B．cause

C．reason

D．potential

4.

A．occurred

B．operated

C．counted

D．awoke

5.

A．adapt

B．apply

C．contribute

D．donate

6.

A．result

B．risk

C．remark

D．resistance

7.

A．without

B．as well as

C．apart at

D．except for

8.

A．While

B．Since

C．Despite

D．When

9.

A．prosper

B．preserve

C．promote

D．protect

10.

A．currently

B．permanently

C．accurately

D．objectively

11.

A．media

B．instances

C．systems

D．data

12.

A．with

B．along

C．among

D．between

13.

A．tended to

B．pretended to

C．regretted to

D．intended to

14.

A．for sure

B．in moderation

C．at all cost

D．without hesitation

15.

A．amount

B．number

C．quality

D．deal

4 . What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is the largest of the five offshore plastic accumulation zones in the world’s oceans. It is located halfway between Hawaii and California.

PLASTIC __________

It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. More than half of this plastic is less __________than the water, meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea.

The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment, allowing them to be transported over __________distances. They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch.

Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they __________into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment, microplastic __________in the GPGP will only continue to increase.

LOCATION

Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents, the GPGP’s location and shape are constantly changing. Only floating objects that are __________influenced by currents were likely to remain within the patch.

By simulating concentration levels in the North Pacific, the researchers were able to follow the location of the patch and found on average it orbits around 32°N and 145°W. However, the team observed seasonal __________from west to east and substantial variations in latitude（纬度）depending on the year.

IMPACT ON WILDLIFE

Plastic has increasingly become a very common substance in the ocean. Due to its size and color, animals __________the plastic for food, causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence.

Studies have shown that about 700 species have encountered marine debris, and 92% of these __________are with plastic. 17% of the species affected by plastic are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.

IMPACT ON HUMANS AND SOCIETY

Once plastic enters the marine food web, there is a possibility that it will contaminate the human food chain as well. Through a process called bioaccumulation, chemicals in plastics will enter the body of the animal __________on the plastic, and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the __________—making their way up the food web that includes humans. These chemicals that affected the plastic feeders could then be __________within the human as well.

__________, yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD. The costs __________its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups. These costs do not include the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem due to __________research available.

1.

A．ACCUMULATION

B．DRIFT

C．FLOATING

D．PROMOTION

2.

A．light

B．thick

C．tiny

D．dense

3.

A．adjusted

B．overdone

C．deposited

D．extended

4.

A．upgrade

B．degrade

C．assemble

D．disassemble

5.

A．transportation

B．estimation

C．concentration

D．location

6.

A．predominantly

B．rarely

C．previously

D．slightly

7.

A．similarity

B．shift

C．boost

D．figure

8.

A．exchange

B．substitute

C．leave

D．confuse

9.

A．implications

B．interactions

C．interferences

D．influences

10.

A．resting

B．feeding

C．risking

D．waiting

11.

A．mariner

B．prey

C．tracker

D．predator

12.

A．present

B．absent

C．current

D．reliable

13.

A．Likewise

B．However

C．Moreover

D．Therefore

14.

A．result in

B．remove from

C．stem from

D．bring about

15.

A．insufficient

B．adequate

C．insignificant

D．substantial

5 . ‘Small Data’ Are Also Crucial for Machine Learning

Many people relate “artificial intelligence” with “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most prominent AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. Image _________ made great progress in the 2010s thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories. More recently, GPT-3, a language model, was trained on _________ online texts to produce humanlike text in Jan, 2021. So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with “big data” in the _________ imagination. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade. The so-called transfer learning serves as an especially _________ example.

Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have _________ data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. You need to first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller one related to your _________ problem. A research team working on German-language speech recognition, _________, showed that they could improve their results by starting with an English-language speech model trained on a larger data set. Then, they used transfer learning to _________ that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.

Small data approaches such as transfer learning are more _________ than more data-intensive methods. They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively __________. In this context, small data approaches will become increasingly important as more organizations look to diversify AI application areas and invest in previously __________ fields.

Despite the progress in research, transfer learning has received relatively little __________. While many machine learning experts are likely familiar with it at this point, the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and __________.

As long as the success of small data technique like transfer learning is __________, resources can be allocated to support their widespread use. In that case, we can help correct the popular __________ regarding the role of data in AI and foster innovation in new directions.

1.

A．standard

B．classification

C．quality

D．acquisition

2.

A．written

B．limited

C．spoken

D．abundant

3.

A．moral

B．visual

C．literary

D．popular

4.

A．complicated

B．interesting

C．promising

D．distinguished

5.

A．extra

B．different

C．available

D．few

6.

A．personal

B．specific

C．technical

D．potential

7.

A．in addition

B．or rather

C．in particular

D．for example

8.

A．adjust

B．invent

C．follow

D．check

9.

A．definite

B．advantageous

C．complex

D．precise

10.

A．remotely

B．severely

C．ultimately

D．rarely

11.

A．underexplored

B．underestimated

C．underpopulated

D．underqualified

12.

A．guidance

B．respect

C．supervision

D．visibility

13.

A．publication

B．adoption

C．tracking

D．polishing

14.

A．celebrated

B．evaluated

C．recognized

D．diversified

15.

A．challenge

B．concern

C．fear

D．misunderstanding

6 . Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in _______ the simplest kind of memory a mollusk (软体动物) might form, and, with a swift injection, managed to _______ one sea snail’s memory to another.

The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the _______between brain cells, but in RNA molecules (分子), according to David Glanzman, a biologist at UCLA. To _______ the idea, Glanzman implanted wires into the tails of California sea hares and gave them a series of electric shocks. The procedure made the animals so _______ that when they were touched, they contracted parts of their bodies intensely. Glanzman compares the reaction to being nervous after an earthquake: the memory of the event causes a(n) _______ response to any loud noise. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman took RNA out from them and _______ it into new sea snails to see what would happen. He then found the new ones are _______ sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. According to Glanzman and his research team, the experiment shows that _______ parts of the memory trace are held in RNA, rather than in the connectivity of brain cells.

However, the work has not yet found widespread ________. “Further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these phenomena are obvious and what is the ________ of such phenomena,” said Prof Vann at Cardiff University. “While a sea snail is a fantastic model, we must be very ________ in drawing comparisons to human memory processes, which are much more complex.”

Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is ________. “This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have doubt about it and I don’t think they’ve transplanted a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of change in the animal.”

________, Ryan added that such creative thinking about memory was in great need: “In a field full of acceptance but lacking ________, we need as many new ideas as possible.”1.

A．deleting

B．disturbing

C．refreshing

D．understanding

2.

A．transfer

B．adjust

C．compare

D．relate

3.

A．connections

B．conflicts

C．secrets

D．distances

4.

A．promote

B．test

C．eliminate

D．impose

5.

A．sensitive

B．adaptable

C．strong

D．relaxed

6.

A．necessary

B．peaceful

C．unconscious

D．impossible

7.

A．plunged

B．invested

C．translated

D．injected

8.

A．crazily

B．dangerously

C．scarcely

D．equally

9.

A．optional

B．essential

C．memorial

D．virtual

10.

A．association

B．recognition

C．innovation

D．publication

11.

A．depth

B．application

C．basis

D．description

12.

A．imaginative

B．careful

C．ambitious

D．speedy

13.

A．supported

B．persuaded

C．unappreciated

D．unconvinced

14.

A．Nevertheless

B．Eventually

C．For example

D．As a result

15.

A．expression

B．likelihood

C．suspicion

D．disturbance

7 . In September 2016, six people came out from a small solar-powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They were _________ of a simulated (模拟的) mission to Mars, and they had been living in the building for nearly one year, _________ from the rest of the world.

This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing _________ to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet. Based on the _________ of the experiment so far, here are four abilities you would need to _________ on Mars.

The first is Resourcefulness (足智多谋). When the water system broke, the group had two _________. They could figure out how to fix it or they could _________ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth”—by which point they would be dead. So they _________ it themselves.

The second is Imagination. The group members have said boredom was a major _________. On Mars, you wouldn’t have Netflix or Xbox, so you’d have to __________ other forms of entertainment (娱乐活动).

The third is Tolerance (宽容). The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court. If you’re __________ annoyed by people, life on Mars might not be for you. Whether eating, working, exercising, or relaxing, you would hardly be __________.

The last is Independence. During a mission, there is no real-time __________ between the group and anyone on “Earth.” They have email, __________ messages are on a 20-minute delay (延迟), simulating how long it would take messages to __________ between Earth and Mars. So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth.

1.

A．captains

B．members

C．astronauts

D．directors

2.

A．pulled

B．kept free

C．protected

D．cut off

3.

A．explanation

B．holiday

C．experiment

D．game

4.

A．results

B．origins

C．wishes

D．requirements

5.

A．refuse

B．copy

C．argue

D．survive

6.

A．tasks

B．choices

C．dreams

D．conditions

7.

A．spread

B．prepare

C．wait

D．leave

8.

A．fixed

B．watered

C．called

D．planted

9.

A．desire

B．habit

C．ability

D．challenge

10.

A．limit

B．forget

C．find

D．leap

11.

A．hardly

B．easily

C．secretly

D．suddenly

12.

A．alone

B．polite

C．successful

D．normal

13.

A．communication

B．system

C．teaching

D．meeting

14.

A．so

B．but

C．if

D．unless

15.

A．escape

B．walk

C．travel

D．change

8 . How Exercise may tame our anxiety

To better cope with all the dispiriting news this winter about rising Covid-19 _________, you might want to get out and play in the snow, according to a new report. The large-scale study of almost 200,000 cross-country skiers found that being physically active _________ the risk of developing anxiety over time.

Science already offers plenty of encouraging evidence that exercise can lift our _________. Experiments show that when people (and lab animals) start _________ they typically grow calmer, happier and less apt to feel sad, nervous or angry than before. Studies that focus on the links between one type of activity or behavior and various aspects of health or longevity, likewise find that more exercise is linked with substantially lower chances of developing severe depression; conversely, being _________ increases the risk for depression. A remarkable neurological study from 2013 even found that exercise _________ reductions in rodent anxiety, by prompting an increase in the production of specialized neurons that release a chemical that soothes over-activity in other parts of the brain.

_________, most of these studies were small, short term or mainly relevant to mice, leaving _________ many questions about what kinds of exercise might help our mental health, how long mood enhancements might potentially last, whether men and women _________ equally and whether it is possible to work out too much and perhaps increase your likelihood of feeling emotionally worse off.

So, for the new study, which was published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, exercise scientists at Lund University in Sweden and other __________ decided it would be worthwhile to __________ the long-term mental health of the thousands upon thousands of men and women who have raced Sweden’s famous Vasaloppet cross-country skiing event over the years.

The Vasaloppet, which celebrates its 100th anniversary this winter, is the largest series of cross-country ski __________ in the world, with crowds of racers annually lining up in the woods of central Sweden to fastly move and glide through races __________ in length from 30 kilometers, or almost 19 miles, to 90K, about 56 miles. Because this kind of endurance event requires abundant health, stamina and training, researchers previously have used data about Vasaloppet racers to study how exercise influences cancer risks, heart __________, and longevity.

The skiers, the researchers found, proved to be __________ calmer over the decades after their race than the other Swedes, with more than 50 percent less risk of developing clinical anxiety. Their results indicate the link between exercise and reduced anxiety is strong.

1.

A．diseases

B．patients

C．cases

D．numbers

2.

A．halves

B．divides

C．takes

D．increases

3.

A．abilities

B．moods

C．feelings

D．attitudes

4.

A．working out

B．getting along

C．hanging out

D．carrying on

5.

A．inactive

B．mobile

C．lively

D．lazy

6.

A．brings in

B．reacts to

C．results from

D．leads to

7.

A．However

B．Furthermore

C．Similarly

D．Otherwise

8.

A．open

B．close

C．back

D．clear

9.

A．transform

B．benefit

C．risk

D．enhance

10.

A．companies

B．institutes

C．foundations

D．jounals

11.

A．look into

B．get into

C．look up

D．keep up

12.

A．resorts

B．destinations

C．races

D．vacations

13.

A．ranging

B．changing

C．extending

D．stretching

14.

A．rate

B．operation

C．health

D．muscle

15.

A．frequently

B．effectively

C．considerably

D．slowly

9 . Being alone in outer space can be frightening—that is one reason why astronauts on solo space flight were given plenty of work to keep them_________. They were also in constant communication with people on the earth._________, being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇)voyages. It will also happen on_________space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of_________is. When men are_________together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very_________.

Apparently, although no one wants to be_________all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of _________or stress.

People who are well-adjusted are able to_________stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in__________our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.

1.

A．tired

B．asleep

C．conscious

D．busy

2.

A．So far

B．After all

C．However

D．Therefore

3.

A．long

B．fast

C．dangerous

D．direct

4.

A．fuel

B．entertainment

C．adjustment

D．health

5.

A．shut up

B．held up

C．brought up

D．picked up

6.

A．pleasing

B．annoying

C．common

D．valuable

7.

A．noisy

B．alone

C．personal

D．sociable

8.

A．emphasis

B．conflict

C．power

D．pressure

9.

A．handle

B．create

C．affect

D．investigate

10.

A．becoming

B．choosing

C．ordering

D．promoting

10 . Winning personality

The modern manager has to play the role of team coach, i.e. be good at asking questions. What _________ the individual players? What is the role of a manager's personality in inspiring team performance? Since every corporation is a potential minefield (雷区) of personality traits, he or she had better also have _________ skills.

Karl Moore, an associate professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common _________ is between introverts (内向者) and extroverts (外向者). Mr. Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are "ambiverts" who can _________ both characteristics.

Extroverts are most likely to go far in business. They are, after all, good at _________ themselves. While an academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to _________ a high-earning job. It may also be said a high-earning job would make anyone more confident and outgoing. Yet, personality traits tend to develop early in life.

The study also found that the children of _________ families were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that _________ self-confidence. People with higher self-confidence may apply for more prestigious jobs and may be more likely to believe that their efforts will be rewarded; those with a negative self-image may feel it is not worth trying too hard.

But introverts are also _________ climbing the greasy pole. A study in 2017 found that introvert executives were more likely to __________ the expectations of the Board than their bragging, uber-confident colleagues.

Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts in order to succeed. Introverts must show __________ or make an occasional stirring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the manager speaks first, the team members will be __________ to disagree.

__________, managers also need to think about the different personality types when conducting meetings. It is easy for meetings to be __________ by extroverts, who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often. Introverts may never __________ the discussion.

Managers have to spend time chatting to, and observing their team members before deciding how best to get them motivated. Managers need to be less like Henry Ford, and more like Sigmund Freud.

1.

A．helps

B．satisfies

C．drives

D．requires

2.

A．educational

B．interpersonal

C．navigational

D．vocational

3.

A．approaches

B．divides

C．figures

D．symbols

4.

A．illustrate

B．predict

C．explain

D．display

5.

A．selling

B．reaching

C．wrapping

D．representing

6.

A．beat

B．choose

C．spot

D．land

7.

A．well-off

B．positive

C．needy

D．harmonious

8.

A．confirm

B．strengthen

C．weaken

D．train

9.

A．expert in

B．afraid of

C．concerned about

D．free from

10.

A．get rid of

B．hold firm to

C．live up to

D．fall short of

11.

A．enthusiasm

B．determination

C．innovation

D．perseverance

12.

A．ready

B．reasonable

C．reluctant

D．responsible

13.

A．Briefly

B．However

C．Similarly

D．Instead

14.

A．engaged

B．occupied

C．spoiled

D．dominated

15.

A．dedicate to

B．contribute to

C．account for

D．answer for