1 . With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded, in large part due to the efforts of jays(松鸦), which actually “engineered” these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations.

The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.

Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.

“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades,” the researchers explained in the study.

How did this happen? Animals-Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting. Jays are scatter-hoarders, meaning they like to store food for the winter, which they then subsequently retrieve. Or not. And when they do forget something, a seedling has a chance to grow. These flying ecosystem engineers could be a big help for reforestation.

1. What does the underlined word “shed” mean in paragraph 1?

A．bring in

B．shake off

C．make up

D．take pride in

2. What does the author want to show by providing some data in paragraph 3?

A．To help the researchers monitor the two sites.

B．To show the difference between the two sites.

C．To inform us how big the two sites are.

D．To show the rapid change of the two sites.

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．Jays aid reforestation.	B．Jays aid protection of wildlife.
C．Researchers make home for species.	D．Researchers make efforts for woodlands.

4. In which section of a website can we probably find the text?

A．Mind & Brain	B．Agriculture & Technology
C．Business & Industry	D．Biology & Ecology

2 . New Zealand’s government recently announced it will help pay for poorer families to replace their old cars with cleaner hybrid(混合动力的)or electric vehicles. The government said it plans to spend $357 million on the test program.

The move is part of a wider plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases are believed to cause warming temperatures in the Earth’s atmosphere. New Zealand plans to provide aid for businesses to reduce emissions and have buses that run on environmentally safe fuel by 2035. The government also plans to provide food-waste collection for most homes by 2030.

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardem said in a statement, “We’ve all seen the recent reports on sea level rise and its influence right here in New Zealand. We cannot leave the issue of climate change until it’s too late to fix.” The plan is a step toward New Zealand’s stated goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

Reaching net-zero emissions means not creating more carbon in the atmosphere than oceans and forests can remove. Ardern said that reducing dependence on traditional fuels would help protect families from extreme price increases. The plan also sets a goal of reducing total car travel by 20 percent over the next 13 years. The programs will be paid for from a $2.8 billion climate emergency response fund.

Officials said that over time, money collected from polluters would pay for the programs rather than taxes from families. Some critics of the plan say it continued to be less restrictive on New Zealand’s huge agriculture industry. Agriculture creates more than half of the nation’s total greenhouse gas emissions. But the industry is also important to the economy as the nation’s biggest export earner.

David Seymour is the leader of New Zealand’s ACT political party. He said that some of the announced programs are proven to be ineffective and have been tried and failed overseas. Seymour added that people should be able to choose how they reduce emissions through the market-basedd emissions trading plan.

1. Which of the following is NOT New Zealand planning to do?

A．Buy cars for poor families.	B．Offer assistance to business.
C．Use environmentally safe fuels.	D．Spend money on the test program.

2. What does Jacinda Ardem suggest doing about the climate change?

A．Setting aside the problem.	B．Realizing the stated goal.
C．Addressing the issue early.	D．Decreasing dependence on traditional fuels.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．New Zealand aims to control carbon emissions.

B．The move has a goal of reducing the use of buses.

C．Achieving net-zero emissions means creating no carbon.

D．Agriculture makes less importance in the nation’s economy.

4. What is David Seymour’s attitude towards the program?

A．Negative.

B．Objective.

C．Favorable

D．Unconcerned.

4 . 假定你是校英文报的记者李华，请写一篇新闻稿，报道你校上周末组织的以“保护湖泊”为主题的志愿活动，内容包括：
1.活动时间、地点、过程；
2.活动意义。
注意:
1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Lake Protection

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5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Water shortage is knocking at the door. It is one of the     1     (great) crises facing us today, with two thirds of the global population     2     (live) in areas where water is short for a month or more every year. There are two main factors (因素) leading     3     this problem: increasing global demand for water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Though global water usage     4     (increase) a lot over the last fifty years, it is predicted that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.

This is not just     5     matter of turning the tap off when you brush your     6    (tooth), cutting your showers down to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing-load with your roommates. In fact, daily activities of human make up less than 4% of our total water usage, with 92% falling into two groups,     7     are the industrial production of household items and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water usage comes from the     8     (grow) and production of food alone.

    9     (unfortunate), there is no reference book for the exact number of liters (升) used in the production of any individual food item. This is a hard thing to do, for we have other factors     10     (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience.

6 . Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen. People have been trying to protect them for years. But another type of forest, the cloud forest, is just as important to humans.

These forests are at the tops of mountains, generally near the equator (赤道). These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries. They are called “cloud forests” because their height allows for the formation of clouds among the trees. The trees in these forests pull water out of the clouds. The water gathers on the leaves and falls into small rivers below, which flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. The yearly rainfall in these areas is about 180 centimetres. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. The water is important to the plants and the people in the area. It helps them survive.

Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. In fact, there are so many that scientists haven’t made a complete list of them yet.

These forests are being destroyed at an increasing speed. Trees are being cut down, and roads are being built in their place. Some people have a goal to get government money to protect the forests. But they have had little success so far. Another way is to take the place of the destroyed plants with new ones. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so special. There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still possible with creative solutions.

1. Where can you probably find cloud forests?

A．In North America.	B．Far from the equator.
C．In some African countries.	D．At the foot of mountains.

2. How much rainfall is pulled in by the cloud forests in those areas every year?

A．About 60 cm.

B．About 108 cm.

C．About 180 cm.

D．About 300 cm.

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A．Europe is short of plant types.	B．Scientists are working on a list.
C．Cloud forests are getting smaller.	D．Cloud forests house many plants.

4. Where can we probably find the text?

A．In a storybook.	B．In a travel guide.
C．In a chemistry textbook.	D．In a geography magazine.

7 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下而写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉\。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Our school held an activity on last Sunday because it was “Earth Day”. Hundred of students took part in it. I am one of them. First, the headmaster gave us a speech about how to protect earth—our home. Then we went hiking, this was about 15km. Although the hiking was very tired, none were left behind. It is no doubt that all of us like the activity. In the future, they will try hardly to protect the environment. We hope we will take part in more activity about caring about the globe.

8 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am Liu Ying, a high school student. Our school is built 50 years ago. It is very beautifully as you can find many of tall trees, flowers and green grass here. I am very proud of learn in such a school. However, it’s a pity that there is a lot of rubbishes at some corners. I think we can do anything. First, we must know the important of keeping the school clean. Beside, we should spend some time clean up every corner of the school every day. Last, we must remember that no matter where we find rubbish, it is our duty pick it up and put it into rubbish cans.

9 . Garbage sorting (分类) has become a hot topic around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation (规章) on July 1.

Beijing has been expected to do the same. At present the regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, explaining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Citizens are free of responsibilities for the moment.

The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators (违背者) are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations. “The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that,” he said.

The Beijing city government first promoted garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types—recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others , and leave it in a colored dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins are for recyclable items, green for kitchen trash, red for dangerous materials and grey for other waste.

To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help citizens. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given places will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclable or kitchen waste.

Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.

1. Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?

A．Coke cans.	B．Thrown-away batteries.
C．Used books.	D．Broken iron pots.

2. We can learn from the passage that __________.

A．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now

B．recyclable waste like newspapers should be thrown in green dustbins.

C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded in Beijing

D．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing

3. What is the best title for the text?

A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai

B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai

C．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing

D．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing

4. Where can you read the article?

A．A fashion magazine.	B．A science book.
C．A newspaper.	D．A government report.