1 . Twelve years ago, a young traveler named Rhett Butler from San Francisco, California, visited the Sabah rainforest on Malaysian Borneo. In one area of the rainforest, he watched a bird flying through the trees. The beautiful sight left quite an impression on him. But weeks later, back home, Rhett Butler got the news that trees had been cut down in the area he visited.

That experience led Rhett Butler begin writing a book about rainforests and threats to their existence. But he did not publish the book. Instead, in 1999, he used his research for the book to create a website. The site is Mongabay. Com. His purpose was to inform the public about tropical rainforests. But the subject quickly developed. As a former businessman, he became a respected writer of science and environmental stories.

The popularity of Mongabay. Com attracted advertisers. Small ads on the site pay for its operations. Mongabay.Com has grown and led to other sites. For example, there is a site for children which is called kids. Mongabay.Com. Another one, WildMadangascar.Org, is all about the island nation that Rhett Butler calls his favorite place.

To keep his website going, he travels around the world on several major trips each year. His working tools are a laptop computer, cameras and sometimes diving equipment. He often calls on experts for information. For example, he interviewed Alison Jolly, a top experts on lemurs(狐猴). He interviewed Rodney Jackson, a biologist who established the Snow Leopard Conservancy.

Stories like these have made Mongabay a favorite place on the Internet for researchers, students and teachers. In April, Time.Com named it one of the fifteen top climate and environment websites in the world.

1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．How Rhett Butler made his website popular.

B．Rainforest on Malaysian Borneo.

C．How Rhett Butler protected rare animals.

D．Rhett Butler and his website.

2. Rhett Butler didn’t publish his book about rainforests because _______.

A．making websites earns more money than writing books

B．he wanted to use the information to create a website

C．the book was not about rainforest protection

D．he didn’t want to become a writer

3. Which of the followings is NOT true about the Mongabay. Com?

A．Rhett Butler made a lot of money from it.

B．It attracted many advertisers.

C．At least two related websites grew from it.

D．It was set up in 1999.

4. To keep his website going, Rhett Butler ________.

A．kept visiting the rainforest

B．made a great number of advertisements

C．raised rare snow leopards

D．traveled around and interviewed experts

5. We can learn from the passage that _________.

A．Rodney Jackson was once a businessman

B．kids. Mongabay.Com. has many stories written by kids

C．WildMadagascar.org is better known than Mongabay.Com

D．Mongabay.Com was loved by researchers as well as students

2 . Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. "This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos (小葵花凤头鹦鹉),” said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.

This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate (调查) how a critically endangered species had become self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, which they hadn’t thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city.

“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade,” he told BBC News. “Poachers (偷猎者) go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it’s really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city.

The government in of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds form a major source of income.

However, there can be downsides (缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.

1. What was beyond Gibson’s expectations according to the first paragraph?

A．The high rate of wildlife trade.	B．The preciousness of the birds.
C．The fact that the birds nearly disappear.	D．The news that the birds were poached.

2. What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?

A．They formed a separate population.	B．They were kept as pet birds.
C．They were traded illegally.	D．They were killed for research.

3. Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”?

A．Peace-loving.	B．Rich.
C．Free.	D．Environment-friendly.

4. For what purpose did the author write the passage?

A．To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.

B．To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.

C．To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.

D．To raise peopled awareness of protecting endangered species.

4 . In 2016, a team of Japanese scientists found bacteria capable of breaking down and “eating” one of the world’s most popular plastics-polyethylene terephthalate(PET). It was valued as a potential breakthrough at the time. But a new discovery came as a team of British scientists examined an enzyme(酶) produced by the Japanese bacteria to find out more about its structure. While operating the structure to better understand how it worked, they accidentally created the changed enzyme that’s even more efficient at breaking down plastic bottles.

The researchers are now working to further improve the enzyme so it can be used on an industrial scale. It’s possible that within the next few years there could be an industrially possible process for turning PET into other substances so it can be recycled.

The ability to scale up the process will be important. Plastic pollution is fast becoming one of the biggest environmental issues of our time. More than 1 million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute. Most of these bottles are made from PET，which can take up to1000 years to biodegrade(生物降解), and many are left in the oceans. Over half of global PET waste is not collected for recycling and only 7 percent of bottles are recycled into new bottles.

Some scientists say the breakthrough, though promising, is nowhere near enough to solve our pollution crisis. These enzymes are not abundantly present in nature. So you would need to produce the enzyme first, then add it to the PET plastic to degrade it.”This is likely to be a slow process. If you have gone through the trouble of collecting the PET waste, then there are clearly far better ways to recycle it or burn it for energy,” said Wim, head of the Industrial Biotechnology Center. He suggested the use of commercially available biodegradable bioplastics would still be a better bet.

1. What unexpected discovery did the British scientists make?

A．An effective way to deal with plastic waste.

B．A potential solution in collecting PET waste.

C．The way to understand the structure of enzyme better.

D．The real value of the discovery by Japanese scientists.

2. What does the underlined phrase “the process” in Paragraph 3 actually refer to?

A．The process to find the enzyme.

B．The process to make more plastics.

C．The process to reduce the PET waste.

D．The process to produce kind of new PET.

3. What is the problem about recycling the PET waste?

A．Large quantities of plastic bottles are used.

B．Ocean plastic waste is harder to biodegrade

C．Most of the PET waste is left without treatment.

D．Most of the plastic products are made from PET.

4. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A．The enzyme does not exist in nature.

B．The enzyme has helped to solve the plastic problems.

C．Burning plastic waste for energy is now the best way to rid it.

D．We have a long way to go to use the enzyme to recycle PET waste.

5 . When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow, which is considered to be the last really clean place     1    (leave) on Earth. Yet plastic trash has now reached the remote regions of the Arctic and the Alps. A team of     2    (scientist) has discovered large quantities of microplastics(微塑料) — very small pieces of plastic waste — in the Arctic snow. While microplastics have been found in sea-water, drinking water, and even in animals over     3     past several years, this is the first study to show microplastics in snow,     4     indicates it is an airborne pollutant that must be paid attention to. 

The researchers state that microplastics in snow suggest that microplastics may be in the air that we     5    (breath). Therefore, it is really important     6    (assess) if microplastics also reach lung tissues.

Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans,     7    (damage) ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, when we wash clothes     8     plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they     9    (eat) by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re     10    (probable) eating the plastic as well.

6 . Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678,000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3,500, 000 tons. The waste includes bags, bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about 1,600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert, with light winds and slow moving water currents (流, 流动). The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste, resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full, diminishing their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection (感染) of disease from polluted waste, and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

Its existence first gained public attention in 1997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier, another oceanographer learnt of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

1. The first paragraph is written to       .

A．lead in the topic of the text

B．inspire readers’ imagination

C．develop readers’ interest in Texas

D．talk about reasons for water pollution

2. What does the underlined word “diminishing” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Increasing.	B．Determining.
C．Weakening.	D．Reserving.

3. What can we infer about the floating garbage according to the text?

A．It gives rise to various diseases.

B．It does great harm to sea animals.

C．Causes of it still remain unknown.

D．Efforts to clear it have been made.

4. What is the author s purpose in writing the text?

A．To warn people about dangers of diving in the ocean.

B．To explore the future of the North Pacific Ocean.

C．To call on people to protect ocean environment.

D．To display some facts about floating waste.

7 . 海洋与我们的生活密切相关，没有海洋就没有人类。那么，我们应该如何保护海洋呢？请你根据以下要点，给你校的英语刊物写一篇短文，引起同学们对保护海洋的重视。
1．减少塑料的使用；       2．保持海滩和水路干净；     3．向更多人宣传海洋保护   
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：水路waterway
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8 . In the United States，a company is working on a project that could change the way we think about public transportation.Its planned system would move people around in steel tubes.Those passengers would be traveling at speeds of up to 1,200 kilometers per hour.

The futuristic steel tube transportation system is called Hyper1oop.Workers plan to test the system next year in a specially built community called Quay Valley.The town will be powered entirely by energy from the sun.

The Hyperloop transport system is the idea of businessman Elon Musk.Dirk Ahlborn is head of Hyperloop Transportation Technologies.He says his company has taken Mr.Musk’s idea and is developing a system that will be safe，environmentally friendly and fast.

“It’s 100 percent solar powered…we’re not going to get up to 760 miles per hour，but we believe we can actually break the records that are existing right now.”

This means that a four-hour drive from Los Angeles，California to Las Vegas，Nevada，could someday take only 30 minutes by Hyperloop.The system involves a series of capsules that float inside a long tube.These containers would not need to travel along a pathway or track.The system has been designed to operate above or below ground.

“Inside the tube you create a low pressure environment very similar to an airplane that’s at high altitudes.So now the capsule travelling inside the tube doesn’t come up against as much resistance，and therefore can travel really fast with very little energy.”

Dick Ahlborn and his company will use an eight—kilometer track in Quay Valley to find the best way to set up passenger traffic and repair capsules.A larger system will cost an estimated six to $10 billion to build.If Mr.Ahlborn and his company succeed，we may one day see these very fast Hyperloop capsules speeding through tubes around the world.

1. Which of the following is true of Hyperloop?

A．It will travel along a pathway or track.

B．It will use more energy than current trains.

C．There is a high pressure inside the tube of it.

D．A series of experiments on it will be carried on.

2. We may learn from the text that

A．Dirk is worried about the speed of Hyperloop

B．Hyperloop has been built in the United States

C．Hyperloop will be powered by energy from the sun

D．Hyperloop has reached to 760 miles per hour

3. What does the underlined word“containers”in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Systems.

B．Capsules.

C．Tubes.

D．Airplanes.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Hyperloop Is Closer To Reality	B．Hyperloop Will Test At Quay Valley
C．Elon Musk’s Idea Is Under Discussion	D．Hyperloop Travels Around The World

9 . “Plogging” is a new fitness trend (趋势). It is a combination of “jogging” and the Swedish phrase “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”. It encourages people to stop while out on jogs to pick up litter.     1    .

Started in Sweden around 2016, plogging is now going global.     2    To advocate plogging, Swedish fitness app Lifesum allows people to record their plogging lime and track their plogging activity as part of the workout choices. According to the app, a typical user will bum 288 calories in 30 minutes of plogging, which is more or less the same as what’s burned off while jogging.

Like other fitness trends, there are plenty of plogging pictures and videos online.     3     Ploggers take plastic bags along with them so they can store the collected litter they find along their route (路线). Many ploggers are surprised to see just how much trash is in parks and along running trails. They even show off their bags of trash online.

Plogging is a great way to encourage people to make a difference in their local environment.     4    All you need for it is a bag for trash and it empowers everyone to help create cleaner, greener and more beautiful communities.

    5     Anyone can do it. You can do it by yourself, with n friend or even in a large group. And it is a challenge you can truly feel good about. Why not give it a go?

A．They clearly show what this trend looks like.

B．Plogging is suitable for all ages and fitness levels.

C．If you’re not a runner, biking or walking works too.

D．It is appealing because it is simple and meaningful.

E．More and more runners are turning their jogs into plogs.

F．So it adds the idea of environmental protection to the sport.

G．Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to connect sports with a good cause.

10 . 语法填词

Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean     1     (explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien follows in his family's footstep to protect the planet's     2    (danger) ocean life and tries     3    (strike) a balance between environmental problems and market economies.

Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000﹣2002, he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that     4    (occur) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003﹣2006,     5     the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled     6    (he) to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.

For the next four years, Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures,     7     offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species and environments.

In 2010, Fabien started a nonprofit project to help restore water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. From June 1to July 2,2014, Fabien and his team spent 31days underwater to discover     8     climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31broke new ground by going deeper, longer and farther.

Fabine is     9    ( current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as     10    (build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans.