2 . The rapid increase of the oil price has brought the world to its senses. Scientists are seeking suitable alternative (替换) but so far in vain. They are considering how they can make better use of the two other major fuels, coal and natural gas, but they have found that neither can replace oil in their economics. In recent years, there has been a growing concern for the environment and coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists. Natural gas, the purest of the three fuels, is also the most limited in supply.

The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations. They need very little fuel to produce enormous amounts of power and they do not pollute the atmosphere. Their dangers, however, are so great and the costs of building them are also high. Not only could one accident in a nuclear power station spread as much radioactivity (放射物) as a thousand Hiroshima atom bombs, but the radioactive waste from these stations is extremely dangerous.

Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy: the sun, the sea, the wind and hot spring, of which the sun seems the most promising source for the future. Houses have already been built which are heated entirely by solar energy. However, solar energy can only be collected during daylight hours, and in countries where the weather is unreliable, an alternative heating system has to be included.

However, many scientists are optimistic that new ways of generating large amounts of energy will be successfully developed, but at the same time they fear the consequences. If the world population goes on increasing at its present rate, we may, in fifty years’ time, be burning up so much energy that we would damage the earth’s atmosphere. By raising the temperature of the atmosphere,we could melt the Arctic and Antarctic ice-caps and change the pattern of vegetable and animal life throughout the world——a frightening possibility.

1. What does the underlined phrase “in vain” in Paragraph1 mean?

A．without doubt

B．without results

C．in progress

D．under attack

2. The natural gas cannot take the place of oil because       .

A．it is too pure	B．the source of it is limited
C．its price is increasing	D．it may cause more pollution

3. Which of the following will cause pollution to the environment?

A．coal

B．natural gas

C．wind energy

D．solar energy

4. Nuclear power cannot take the place of the oil because       .

A．it may pollute the atmosphere

B．it cannot generate large amounts of power

C．it may use up enormous amounts of fuel

D．it may cause great danger to us if not properly handled

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet     1     the air is thin     2     (watch) them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. But the 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelopes when they were     3     (illegal) hunted for their valuable fur. Their habitats became smaller because new roads and railways     4     (build).As a result, the population of the Tibetan antelopes dropped by more than 50 percent. In order to prevent this species from extinction, the Chinese government took     5     (effect) measures to place it under national     6     (protect).Luckily, the antelope population has recovered. However, the government does not intend     7     (stop) the protection programmes, since the     8     (threat) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. Only when we learn to exist in harmony     9     nature can we stop being     10     threat to wildlife and to our planet.

6 . In the blue-green depths of the sea off the coast of Tuscany, Italy, an unusual seafloor sculpture park is defending its watery setting.

Since fisherman Paolo Fanciulli’s teens, he has been heading out daily to fish in these coastal waters along the Maremma coastline. It was in the 1980s that he began to notice the clear signs: a seabed that was becoming barren (贫瘠的), with exhausted fish stocks. Until recently, he has been forced to share catches with a threatening part: illegal “bottom trawlers (拖网捕鱼的人)”, who randomly spoil a large quantity of ocean life as they fish, dragging a weighted net along the seafloor behind their boats.

Fanciulli’s style of artisanal fishing (手工捕鱼), in contrast, needs to be friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fishermen’s income. Fanciulli understood that the success of his fishing activity was linked to the good state of the environment. The underwater “House of Fish” sculpture park, which was started in 2015 was encouraged by this fisherman. “One of the most effective solutions is to physically prevent trawling through artificial reefs…so I started working on this project, trying to combine the protection of the seabed with something that could also give an added value to our environment, something as beautiful as a sculpture,” he said.

Rocks or sculptures can break weighted trawler nets. They can also play a role as artificial reefs, giving corals and other sea life a place to live. Thanks to the underwater sculptures, some species not seen in a long while such as groupers and lobsters have returned. The sculpture park represents both an artistic statement and a physical barrier to seafloor trawling.

Today, 39 huge stone sculptures dot the seabed along an area of Tuscan coastline near the town of Talamone. In the immediate future, Fanciulli hopes to continue his great solution in coastal waters. “Man is still destroying the seas,” he says, “and my task continues.”

1. What poses a threat to Fanciulli’s work of artisanal fishing?

A．Rocks on the seafloor.	B．Frequent terrible weather.
C．A growing number of fishermen.	D．Illegal trawling industry.

2. Why was the underwater sculpture park built?

A．To show artists’ creativity.

B．To develop the local green tourism.

C．To protect the ecosystem of the sea.

D．To warn against fishing in coastal waters.

3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The results of banning seafloor trawling.

B．The process of building the sculpture park.

C．The damaging effects of trawling on sea life.

D．The roles of the sculpture park under the sea.

4. What could be the best title for this text?

A．The first underwater park in the world

B．Fanciulli’s innovation in cleaning the ocean

C．A seafloor park: Artworks for sea protection

D．Waters with sculptures: Better habitats for fish

7 . Fishing cats are a kind of cats that love water and love to fish. They are like tigers and lions, only much smaller, around twice the size of an average pet cats. They live in wetlands of south Asia and mangrove forests (红树林) of south and southeast Asia. Like many other endangered species, fishing cats are in danger of dying out more than twenty years ago, mainly because of the great international need for food fish and people’s cutting of mangroves at an extremely fast speed.

Mangroves of southeast Asia are home to a great many fantastic species like fishing cats, turtles, shorebirds and others. Mangroves can protect soil and they can be the first line of protection between storms, tsunamis and millions of people who live next to them. The fact is that mangroves can store almost five to ten times more Carbon dioxide than other forests. So protecting mangroves may well be like protecting five and ten times more of other forests.

Ten years ago, in south India, many people came together to change the future of their home. In less than ten years, with international support, the state forest departments and the local people work together to restore over 20,000 acres of unproductive fish and shrimp farms back into mangroves. Now experts are working with them in helping study protect the mangroves as well as species living in them. Fish and shrimp farmers are now willing to work with the experts to test the harvest of nature protection like fishes, turtles and other species in mangroves. The local farmers are encouraged to protect the plant mangroves where they have been lost. A win-win-win situation for fishing cats, local people and the global ecosystem is being built.

1. What made the fishing cats endangered?

A．Natural enemies and environmental pollution.

B．Cutting off mangroves and lack of water.

C．Less fish and overcutting of mangroves.

D．Being too large and need for good fish.

2. What does the underlined word “home” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．the shelter.	B．the jungle.
C．the gathering.	D．the habitat.

3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Ways of turning farms into forests.	B．Changes of South India in ten years.
C．Efforts to protect the mangroves.	D．Work in protecting shrimps.

4. What’s the best title for text?

A．Fishing Cats and Mangroves Protection	B．The importance of mangroves
C．Approaches to Protecting Fishing Cats	D．Man and Nature

9 . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report. It stated that the world is quickly running out of time to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, the level widely agreed to be the conservative, safety-first goal to prevent serious climate harm. To get there, the world would have to cut current emissions (排放物) by 45 percent by 2030. That sounds absurdly unlikely.

But before we give in to despair, we should remember that the technology to address climate change is going along at high speed. The largest source of US carbon emissions is transportation, and a Green New Deal program for motor vehicles would be quite straightforward.

The reason is simple: With some subsidies (补贴), electric cars and buses are cost- competitive with fossil-fuel vehicles. Electric buses have gone into the market at the greatest speed, because they are a logical choice for electrification. At the end of 2018, electric vehicles were displacing about 280,000 barrels of oil demand per day. That’s more than the whole consumption of Greece.

And the electric car market is also reaching maturity, with appealing designs, longer range, and a quickly-expanding rapid charging network in many countries. It’s worth emphasizing that most of the basic systems necessary to recharge electric vehicles already exist. People often tend to assume that we would need to replace every gas station, but virtually all homes and businesses already have an electrical connection which can be easily improved for fast charging. All that is needed to go fully electric is enough battery capacity and fast charging stations to deal with long trips.

Now America would have to repair its electricity production, rails, shipping, and so on to fully decarbonize (脱碳) the transportation sector. It will be considerably more difficult than simply rooting out fossil fuel vehicles from the market.

But greening America’s vehicles would be straightforward, relatively cheap, and a huge step forward on climate. The politics of climate change are so fearful that despair can seem logical, but the first step in achieving a tough goal is the firm belief that it can be done. And this particular step wouldn’t even be that tough.

1. What can we infer from the IPCC’s report?

A．The world is suffering serious climate harm.

B．Global warming is growing out of our control.

C．We are too conservative to deal with global warming.

D．Cutting emissions is the easiest way to stop climate change.

2. How can electric vehicles compete with fossil-fuel ones?

A．By running at the greatest speed.

B．By changing the way of transportation.

C．By making consumers have logical choices.

D．By getting financial support from governments.

3. What is people’s common misunderstanding about electric cars?

A．They aren’t so efficient in reducing emissions.

B．There’s still much room for designing new ones.

C．There aren’t enough fast charging stations for them.

D．Home electrical connection can be used for charging them.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards greening America’s vehicles?

A．Doubtful.

B．Critical.

C．Positive.

D．Uncaring.

10 . I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan,a ________ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew________ I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion ever since -________ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my________

About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of________ like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes,around the area. It’s________ me why visitors started respecting the place________ and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.

I tried________ trash myself, but the job was too big. I would________ an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so________ it that I decided something had to change.

As a rock-climbing guide, I knew________ about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a________. On that day, more than 300 people________. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to________ I couldn’t believe the________ we made — the park looked clean!

Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and ________ 132 miles of roadway.

I often hear people________ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by________ rather than complaining. We need to teach by________. You can’t blame others ________ you start with yourself.

1.

A．distant

B．huge

C．narrow

D．loose

2.

A．recently

B．finally

C．gradually

D．immediately

3.

A．climbing

B．painting

C．describing

D．imagining

4.

A．garden

B．lab

C．home

D．palace

5.

A．material

B．waste

C．resources

D．goods

6.

A．over.

B．against

C．beyond

D．within

7.

A．less

B．most

C．more

D．least

8.

A．throwing away

B．picking up

C．breaking down

D．digging out

9.

A．kill

B．save

C．spend

D．wait

10.

A．satisfied with

B．delighted in

C．used to

D．tired of

11.

A．something

B．anything

C．everything

D．nothing

12.

A．cleanup

B．party

C．picnic

D．concert

13.

A．dropped out

B．looked around

C．showed up

D．called back

14.

A．demand

B．accomplish

C．receive

D．overcome

15.

A．plan

B．visit

C．contact

D．difference

16.

A．crossed

B．covered

C．measured

D．designed

17.

A．talk

B．argue

C．complain

D．quarrel

18.

A．watching

B．thinking

C．questioning

D．doing

19.

A．example

B．explanation

C．method

D．research

20.

A．unless

B．if

C．although

D．when