Litter is everywhere，doing great harm     1     the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner，who wants to build a litter-free world，started a global community named Litterati     2       (settle)this problem.

The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a     3     (break)plastic tub(浴盆)in a river.She said，“Daddy，that doesn’t go there.”That took Kirschner by surprise.He，like many adults，had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look.    4     his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces.

Jeff started to take       5    (act).He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is       6    (fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.

    7     (see)that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet，people worldwide started participating.Up to now，over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries     8     (find)their way to Litterati’s digital landfill.

Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly     9     (effect)solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live，whatever you do and       10     you are，join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.

Wang Tianchang and his family moved into the Gobi Desert 22 years ago. They have been fighting with the desert ever since,     1     (become) a symbol of China’s anti-desertification (防治荒漠化) campaign.

As     2     native of Gansu Province, Wang grew up with the Gobi Desert. In 1998, Wang’s family moved into the desert. They started planting bushes (灌木). To fund their efforts, they sold most of their farm animals and there were only 6 sheep left to support themselves. To make matters     3     (bad), the trees they had planted in the first two years     4     (blow) away by strong winds, because they weren't familiar with the environment. Then they learned that adaptable grasses were ideal for holding down the sand. A bush     5     (know) as the sweet-vetch has an 80 percent survival rate even in severe desert conditions,     6     has become a key part of the Wang’s efforts.

Now, although Wang is suffering from serious health     7     (problem) and is in his late 70s, he has no plans       8     (quit) his mission. His efforts have not gone unnoticed and have won several honors for his contributions     9     local greening. The Chinese government not only appointed (委任) Wang Tianchang and his sons as forest ranchers (大农场主), but also started funding their work. The family’s home is now surrounded by a     10     (beauty) vegetable garden, proving that land can in fact be transformed from the desert.

To change bad habits is never easy, even with many     1     (attempt). There is a famous saying     2     (base) on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we     3     (repeat) do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much     4     (hard) to change. The good news     5     (be) that we can change, if we understand how habits work.

Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”,     6     has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact     7     heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat,     8     (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy     9     (trap) in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature     10     (rise) quickly.

8 . My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.

We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise, landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.

Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about The British Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾). It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick upon our daily dog walks.

The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.

It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.

Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed?

Amsterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles (机动车) from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets. The Netherlands     1    （make）great efforts to protect the environment since the 90s.The Clean Air Action Plan,     2     is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is the newest measure. The new policy is important because air pollution in the Netherlands is above European standards,     3    （cause）risks for respiratory（呼吸的）illnesses. "Pollution is often a silent     4    （kill）,”said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible     5     the city's traffic.

The city will stop using gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles. Charging stations    6    （offer）to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will     7    （probable） be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars. In Netherland, 30percent of commuter（通勤者） travel by bike.     8    , cars are still major sources of particle matter pollution.

That is     9    they plan to ban all polluting cars.

Hopefully, this policy will encourage other cities to ban polluting vehicles as well. In fact, Brussels is already considering     10    （adopt）the policy.

10 . Melbourne Girls' College is getting rid of all dustbins and asking students to take their rubbish home to encourage them to move towards zero waste.

Starting next Monday, the college will gradually_______all the rubbish bins in five weeks in classrooms and the yard, _________1400 students and 140 staff to find their own home for chip packets and juice boxes. Volunteer students will _______ daily non- compulsory food inspections in which children bringing “zero waste" lunch boxes will be _______. Students using only _______ packaging will receive a token (礼券）to win prizes such as keepcups.

The rubbish that students take home may still go to landfill(废物填埋场）via their home bins, _______the new policy will help persuade_______to buy fewer packaged items and reuse containers. Most issues around carrying rubbish home, such as smell and mess, can be solved._______tuna （金枪鱼）in a tin, for example, can_______ the school's compost（堆肥）bin and the tin can be __________ before it's taken home.

The college principal Karen Money acknowledges that some parents may not have the time or means to avoid   ________ in single-use packaging, “but it's________to get as many people as we can to avoid it. We talk a lot, ________ educators, about the bad problems the world ________, and if we don't start putting some actions ________ that beautiful idea, then it's just empty."