社会问题与社会现象练习题及答案-闵行高中英语-组卷网

完形填空(约450词) | 适中(0.65) |

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一次性文化从瓶盖开始，蔓延至家电，因修理成本高而成为常态，引发大众不安，探索自我修理可能性，虽挑战重重，互联网让找配件变易，改变维修困境。

1 . The disposable culture

The disposable (一次性的) culture started small. In1892 William Painter, founder of the Baltimore Bottle Seal Company, patented the bottle cap. The bottles were returned and refilled, but the bottle caps were ________. They only worked once. Painter’s chief salesman at the time was called Mr Gillette, who went on to apply the same principle to his own invention, the disposable version-cameras, contact lenses, barbecues- but the ________ has been taken a step further. For ________ reasons, most of the electrical equipment that we buy for the home is effectively disposable. This is because it is usually cheaper to ________ them than to mend them. This applies not just to radios and toasters, but also to fridges, televisions and dishwashers. We now live in a disposable culture.

Most people feel ________ this new trend. We know we should be reducing the amount of waste we produce and recycling as much as possible although despite all our efforts, landfill continues to increase. It’s hard to slip a CD player into the bottom of the rubbish these days without feeling ________ especially if you suspect that all it needs is a simple repair. But who ________ that sort of thing these days? And how much would they charge you?

With persistence, one may still ________ someone out there willing to make the necessary repairs to your broken bread-making machine, but even they will feel obliged to inform you that, given the likely price of the ________, you’ d probably be better off throwing away the old one and buying the latest model. To ________ that something should be mended even though that will cost more than a brand-new replacement is weird, to say the least.

This dilemma (困境) occasionally ________ the possibility of fixing the damaged goods yourself. If something is next to ________ anyway, why not take it apart and see if you can figure out what’s wrong? I have had particular luck with cheap, plastic, battery-operated children’s toys, where bad manufacture is usually the cause of the ________ and some strong glue or tape is usually all it needs to put it right. Small children tend to be impressed by this sort of thing, which is probably the only reason I bother. I wouldn’t suggest you attempt to repair your own microwave, although I managed it once. It was one of the most ________ experiences of my life a difficult success to mention in casual conversation, perhaps, but I’m still trying.

While some repairs are certainly beyond the ability of the ordinary consumer, many are unbelievably simple. Finding willing ________ may be almost impossible, but tracking down spare parts has never been easier now that you can look on the Internet. There are also hundreds of sites offering step-by-step instructions for making repairs.

1.

A．turned out

B．thrown away

C．held out

D．kept away

2.

A．invention

B．concept

C．version

D．equipment

3.

A．historic

B．political

C．cultural

D．economic

4.

A．replace

B．produce

C．maintain

D．launch

5.

A．motivated by

B．accustomed to

C．uncomfortable about

D．independent of

6.

A．wise

B．relieved

C．bored

D．guilty

7.

A．removes

B．discovers

C．fixes

D．adjusts

8.

A．tell

B．miss

C．find

D．affect

9.

A．service

B．machine

C．information

D．part

10.

A．doubt

B．insist

C．know

D．recall

11.

A．takes up

B．puts up

C．makes up

D．opens up

12.

A．worthless

B．familiar

C．priceless

D．unavailable

13.

A．fault

B．stage

C．mistake

D．ease

14.

A．popular

B．disappointing

C．accidental

D．satisfying

15.

A．managers

B．salesmen

C．repairmen

D．deliverers

2024-05-14更新 | 41次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题

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2024·上海闵行·二模

完形填空(约340词) | 较难(0.4) |

社会关系社会问题与社会现象说明文

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们不断地收到信息，从邮箱到收件箱再到短信提醒。读什么，略读什么，忽略什么是几乎每个人每天都要做的决定，并介绍All Readers are Busy这本书中告诉了我们如何高效的撰写信息。

2 . In Favour of Simple Writing

Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in _______ even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over _______: get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.

People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of _______, even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established _______ that have long been prized in guides to writing.

Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to _______ needless words. The authors, however, have _______ the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from127 to 49 words almost _______ the response rate.

Keeping messages to a _______ idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. _______ the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, ________, attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.

Syntax (句法) and ________ matter, too. It is more ________ to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.

If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as ________ as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable ________. If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not ________ it at all.

1.

A．conveying

B．understanding

C．crafting

D．sending

2.

A．care

B．quantity

C．simplicity

D．technology

3.

A．reader

B．poster

C．learner

D．writer

4.

A．structures

B．principles

C．aims

D．alternatives

5.

A．remove

B．ignore

C．reconsider

D．interpret

6.

A．conveyed

B．translated

C．tested

D．shaped

7.

A．lowered

B．affected

C．doubled

D．maintained

8.

A．basic

B．positive

C．definite

D．single

9.

A．Recording

B．Reducing

C．Counting

D．Estimating

10.

A．in comparison

B．after all

C．for instance

D．in particular

11.

A．word-choice

B．pattern-design

C．target-setting

D．platform-selection

12.

A．difficult

B．suitable

C．challenging

D．common

13.

A．carefully

B．often

C．politely

D．quickly

14.

A．outcomes

B．points

C．figures

D．benefits

15.

A．received

B．written

C．read

D．answered

2024-05-10更新 | 260次组卷 | 2卷引用：2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |

方法/策略社会问题与社会现象

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。研究表明，当我们全神贯注于一项活动时，即使是很小的分心也会产生巨大的影响，文章介绍了分心产生的危害并提出了具体的解决方案。

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. silence B. grouping C. matter D. implication E. consequences
F. mental G. solution H. immediate I. worthwhile J. regaining K. satisfy

Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions can have a huge effect. According to a study, 1 our initial drive (动力) following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.

Multitasking, as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate account of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly switching between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the 2 can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be interrupted by distractions like emails and text messages.

The trouble is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to 3 your curiosity. Who knows who send the next email or text message and what the content might be? Finding out provides 4 satisfaction. In contrast, resisting distractions and staying on task requires discipline and 5 effort. So, what are we to do?

Our strategy is to change the environment to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or 6 your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not continuously fighting off mental desires.

Another 7 method is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition time to a minimum point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try 8 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.

In some jobs, multitasking is unavoidable. Some of us truly do need to keep constant connection with our clients, colleagues and managers. So it’s worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only 9 .

Remember, the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for activities that actually 10 . Even small changes can make a big difference.

2024-05-05更新 | 21次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行第三中学2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海闵行·期中

语法填空-短文语填(约440词) | 适中(0.65) |

社会问题与社会现象电视与电台

文章大意：本文为一篇说明文，介绍了Z世代人不再看传统电视，转向观看智能电视的现象，文章介绍了智能电视可以灵活选择及要求收费、广告太长等特点。

4 . Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Smart TV channels a sense of frustration

The phenomenon of watching less or not watching TV has mirrored a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years.

“I haven’t watched TV at home for almost five years.” The same sentiment is a true portrayal of many Gen-Zers today. In the past when entertainment options 1 (limit), TV dominated. Nowadays, computers, mobile phones and tablets, all of 2 offer more content, have overtaken TV in the viewing stakes.

“Watching 3 (much) or not watching TV is the inevitable result of the diversification of entertainment for young people. The programs offered by the major TV stations is increasingly unable to meet the needs of young people, and a few minutes of advertisements are added at every turn, 4 (make) it difficult to compete with mobile phones and tablets,” says Li Dadi at Haige Business Watch, a public WeChat account 5 (dedicate) to business analysis.

The phenomenon mirrors a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years. A report by All View Cloud, a data analysis company, says that domestic TV sales in 2020 were 44.5 million units, down 9.1 percent year-on-year; and sales revenue was 120.9 billion yuan ($19.1 billion), down 11.7 percent.

However, not watching traditional TV does not mean 6 (not use) the actual set. The current development of smart TV is not just a tool for watching programs on the box. The three major video content providers, Tencent Video, iQiyi and Youku, have all launched TV applications. People 7 also cast the content of their mobile phones onto the TV at any time. Leaning on the sofa and watching a 55-inch big screen is still much more comfortable than lying on the bed with a 6.1-inch mobile phone.

However, compared with the rapid development and profit growth of internet smart TV, complaints about a decline in service experience have come to light.

A woman’s complaint over her newly bought TV set has echoed across Chinese social media recently. In her video, posted on Douyin, she says most people watching TV now are elders, and a TV cannot be turned on 8 two remote controls at least. After she finally turned it on, advertisements popped up and lasted for more than 10 seconds. The various charging apps, all required to be purchased to allow for viewing, 9 (make) the experience worse. Without a VIP membership, there came another 70-second advertisement 10 she could finally watch a proper TV series. “I miss the simple TV set of my childhood,” she said.

2024-05-05更新 | 23次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行第三中学2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海闵行·阶段练习

阅读理解-阅读单选(约470词) | 适中(0.65) |

社会问题与社会现象历史知识说明文

文章大意：本文是说明文。文章主要讲述妇女争取投票权的斗争。

5 . The battle for women’s right to vote

One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about?

The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all-they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural position” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t want the vote. This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wicked folly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant to back the cause.

It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women(married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands— both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.

However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutally force-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant— smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.

With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home— in munitions(军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.

1. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote?

A．Women had already enjoyed many political rights.

B．Women were too weak to fight against enemies.

C．Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands.

D．Women were not as intelligent as men.

2. According to the passage, why did women’s campaigning arouse debate?

A．Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices.

B．Because women were put in prison and abused during the protest.

C．Because all the emotional behaviors were regarded as improper.

D．Because most women didn’t want the vote.

3. The word “militant”(in Line 5, Para.4) probably refers to ______.

A．extreme

B．splendid

C．compassionate

D．noble

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights.

B．The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.

C．Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.

D．All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act.

2024-04-17更新 | 29次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行区教育学院附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷

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2024·上海闵行·二模

阅读理解-六选四(约250词) | 较易(0.85) |

信息技术社会问题与社会现象

文章大意：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍童年时期接触的媒体在塑造孩子的未来方面的影响。

6 . Childhood Media Shaping Futures

Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house. 1 It shapes our dreams and fears and even drives us to future careers.

2 Older children may have had a lot more restrictions, like TV shows, movies, and social media access. And because of these, they were able to be a child for longer compared to their siblings (兄弟姐妹). Children who have older siblings tend to show more mature tendencies and can appear to “grow up quicker” than other children their age.

While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages. 3

Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature?” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences?

In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives. 4 Striking a balance between media exposure and mental well-being is essential for our growth in today’s media-rich world.

A．Such media doesn’t just entertain.

B．You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings.

C．As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact.

D．Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways.

E．Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals.

F．However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it.

2024-04-16更新 | 61次组卷 | 2卷引用：2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海闵行·阶段练习

听力选择题-短文 | 适中(0.65) |

社会问题与社会现象

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．To save time for laws to take effect.

B．To weaken the government’s check.

C．To give himself more power.

D．To change the country’s political system.

2.

A．A category.

B．A measurement.

C．An activity.

D．An airport.

3.

A．The major industrial growth.

B．The number of people at the airport.

C．The side effect of an emergency.

D．The unhealthy level of pollution.

2024-03-31更新 | 22次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行第三中学2023-2024学年高一下学期3月月考英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海闵行·阶段练习

完形填空(约370词) | 适中(0.65) |

阅读社会问题与社会现象说明文

文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了比起电子书，纸质书仍然是最佳的阅读方式。文章介绍了纸质书优于电子书的方面。

8 . We all wish we had our very own libraries at home. They’re a great way to keep what you love reading best organized in one place. Technology has taken over our lives and everything seems to be accessible _______. The sad part about online books is that the realness of holding one in your hands is lost. It may be _______ to those who often travel, but there’s nothing like printed books in libraries that you can leaf through, as opposed to clicking through.

Unlike the Internet, printed books are much more _______ than any other sources. Rarely will you find a list of references mentioned at the end of the article section on the web. Printed books are _______ carefully before they’re published so that the facts mentioned in non-fiction books are all true and necessary. Reference pages at the end of these books are also mentioned in some works that require such a section.

Unlike electronic devices that can have problems such as the loss of _______ it stores, printed books have a way of lasting for years to come if _______ with care. They can be collected as valuable books that you’d like to have in their _______ form, as well as be passed on to others who’d like to read them as well. It’s great when you have something like a book to hold on to (留存) and read, while an online book _______ that close and constant companionship.

_______, you can’t expect kids to hold up an iPad under the sheets late at night. Reading ________ books ensures that kids have access to reading without being spoiled into buying a(n) ________ product that can distract (分心) them from actual reading. Kids love picture books and the images that come with them, which is great for present authors who still ________books that are intended for kids.

Libraries are a great place that dates back to a time when ________ was non-existent and was an unbelievable idea to men back in that period. Today the ________ of libraries still exists, with many people going to them for the love of books. It is important for children to start off by reading the real thing before ________ what other media can offer. Anyway, never forget what first got you started.

1.

A．finally

B．digitally

C．carefully

D．equally

2.

A．harmful

B．unnecessary

C．impossible

D．convenient

3.

A．reliable

B．expensive

C．natural

D．important

4.

A．printed

B．checked

C．kept

D．decorated

5.

A．data

B．story

C．picture

D．cover

6.

A．spread

B．published

C．read

D．stored

7.

A．colorful

B．physical

C．unreal

D．imaginary

8.

A．applies

B．reminds

C．lacks

D．ensures

9.

A．Above all

B．In addition

C．In a word

D．On the contrary

10.

A．helpful

B．recommended

C．attractive

D．printed

11.

A．electronic

B．expensive

C．harmful

D．valuable

12.

A．sell

B．read

C．design

D．recall

13.

A．knowledge

B．technology

C．information

D．printing

14.

A．function

B．appearance

C．location

D．building

15.

A．getting rid of

B．turning down

C．accounting for

D．getting involved in

2024-03-31更新 | 78次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行第三中学2023-2024学年高一下学期3月月考英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海闵行·阶段练习

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |

社会问题与社会现象意外事故

文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道2月23日南京一居民楼因电动自行车充电引发火灾，造成15人死亡、44人受伤，文章介绍了近年来电动自行车引发火灾事故的现状以及各地针对此次事故采取的消除火灾隐患的活动。

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A .address B. launched C. charge D. highlights E. mentioned F. blocking G. involving H. potential I. previously J. fortunately K. authorities

A fire that broke out in an apartment building in Nanjing on February 23 left 15 people dead and another 44 injured. Local 1 said the fire started on the ground floor of the building where several electric bikes were parked.

In China, it is forbidden (禁止) to park or 2 electric bikes in public areas of high-rise buildings. However, violations (违规行为) are common. The management of such electric vehicles has remained a challenge.

The recent tragedy (悲剧) further 3 the safety risks posed by electric bikes in densely populated communities. Data showed that, by the end of 2022, there were 350million electric bikes in China. This means, on average, one out of every four Chinese people has an electric bike. Meanwhile, the number of fire accidents 4 electric bikes has also increased. In 2023, there were 21,000 cases in total, a year-on-year (同比) increase of 17.4%. Some 80% of those fires occurred during charging, with over half taking place at night. About 90% of the deadly fires began in lobbies (大厅), corridors and stairwells (楼梯井).

“For many communities, builders didn’t take into consideration the infrastructure (基础施) for parking and charging electric bikes. Therefore, they often lack a corresponding (相应的) safety plan,” said Yang Zhimin, a Shenzhen official.

The latest incident in Nanjing isn’t the first electric bike fire that has happened in the community involved. Residents 5 a similar one in 2019. That fire, luckily, did not result in any injuries. In 2022, it was reported that over 180 electric bikes were parked overnight in one building. Many residents have 6 voiced concerns over the safety risks posed by these electric bikes.

Following the tragedy, Nanjing authorities announced a thorough (面) review of safety risks. This covers high-rise buildings, commercial spaces (商业区) and other densely populated areas. They aim to 7 high-risk activities, especially those related to electric bikes. Among them are 8 fire evacuation routes, charging electric bikes indoors, and using unsafe wiring (线路系统) for charging.

Other cities across China have also taken action to remove 9 fire hazards. Shanghai has 10 citywide safety inspections of electric bikes in residential areas. On February 25, Huainan in Anhui province issued a notice stressing stricter electric bike management.

“We will work to ensure that all electric bikes in China are parked outdoors,” said the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM, 应急管理部) on February 26.