1 . People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have _______ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been _______ at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad _______ of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _______ of too much aggression in children's sports. They believe children _______ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that _______ is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout _______ at other players or cheer when their child behaves _______. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is _______ or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured. __________, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.

As a society, we really need to __________ this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches in particular should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better __________. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to __________ themselves whether they win or not. __________, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that health is not as __________ as winning.

1.

A．restrictive

B．negative

C．active

D．instructive

2.

A．knocked

B．glanced

C．smiled

D．shouted

3.

A．impression

B．concept

C．taste

D．expectation

4.

A．resource

B．cause

C．course

D．consequence

5.

A．question

B．understand

C．copy

D．neglect

6.

A．winning

B．practicing

C．fun

D．sport

7.

A．praises

B．orders

C．remarks

D．insults

8.

A．proudly

B．ambitiously

C．aggressively

D．bravely

9.

A．acceptable

B．impolite

C．possible

D．accessible

10.

A．By contrast

B．In addition

C．As a result

D．After all

11.

A．look up to

B．face up to

C．make up for

D．come up with

12.

A．techniques

B．means

C．values

D．directions

13.

A．respect

B．relax

C．forgive

D．enjoy

14.

A．Besides

B．However

C．But

D．Therefore

15.

A．serious

B．important

C．equal

D．superior

2 . Each day, 10-year-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came home from school hungry. It turned out that Seth was handing his lunch money to fifth grader， who was threatening to beat him up if he didn't pay.

Most kids have been made fun of by a brother or a friend at some point. And it's not usually harmful when done in a playful and friendly way, and both kids find it funny. But when teasing becomes hurtful, unkind, and constant, it crosses the line into bullying and needs to be stopped.

Bullying is intentional torment(折磨)in physical or psychological ways. It can range from hitting, name-calling and threats to blackmailing(勒索)money and possessions. Some kids bully others by deliberately separating them and spreading rumours about them. Others use social media or electronic messaging to make fun of others or hurt their feelings.

It's important to take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tolerate. The effects can be serious and affect kids' sense of safety and self-worth. In severe cases, bullying has contributed to tragedies, such as suicides and school shootings.

Kids bully for a variety of reasons. Sometimes they pick on kids because they need a victim—someone who seems emotionally or physically weaker, or just acts or appears different in some way—to feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their victims, that's not always the case.

Sometimes kids bully others because that's the way they've been treated. They may think their behavior is normal because they come from families or other settings where everyone regularly gets angry and shouts or calls each other names.

Unless your child tells you about bullying—or has visible injuries—it can be difficult to figure out if its happening.

1. What is the author's purpose of telling Seth's story?

A．To introduce the topic of bullying.	B．To seek help for the victims of bullying.
C．To analyze the cause of bullying.	D．To display the effects of bullying on kid

2. What does the phrase “brush it off”（in paragraph 4）probably mean?

A．Remove bullying.	B．Ignore bullying.
C．Avoid bullying.	D．Punish bullying.

3. According to the passage, which of the following about bullying is NOT true?

A．Bullying is accidental behaviors.

B．Those who bully get emotional satisfaction.

C．The weak are easy to be bullied.

D．The experience of being bullied can lead to bullying.

4. What will the following paragraph most probably talk about?

A．Problems of bullying.	B．Cause and effect of bullying.
C．Signs of bullying.	D．Psychological reasons of bullying.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets.     1     connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.

People     2     （influence） to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people     3     （describe） their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time     4     （resist） the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.

The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people     5     （trap）in a pathological （病态的） relationship with time-consuming technology,    6     they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude（奴役）. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence     7     uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.

What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to ask     8     if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.”     9     it's time to discover today's overused technology.

Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies,” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider     10     life long ago could be fantastic without today's overused technology.

4 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point'(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

These days, its not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures，office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks, it's becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.

What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults' nostalgia（怀旧）for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.

Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity （不成熟） and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly（异常）that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers.

From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society's acccptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that then is one word more than you need.

A. potential             B. limitless        C. attached            D. initial            E. promotion          F. appeal G. expand               H. equal             I. recognition        J. threaten          K. practice

Celebrity（名人）has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity     1     to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the     2     of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market     3    , moving from advertising for others' products to developing their own.

Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today They're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy     4     fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to     5     their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.

However, for every success story, there's a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer     6    . No matter how famous the product's origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the     7     attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.

Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to     8     to reduce a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego's（自我的）potential for expansion is     9    . Having already achieved great wealth and public     10    , many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.

6 . If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.

At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn’t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.

Today’s instant electronic memos — such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages — are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the “to” and “from.” Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read — and respond to — on the go.

The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they’re suitable for smart phone typing.

Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral — you read them, then they’re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.

So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That’s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.

1. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?

A．Check bank accounts.	B．Send long messages.
C．Fill in some forms.	D．Communicate with their colleagues.

2. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?

A．The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail

B．The likes and dislikes of the young generation

C．The rapid development of e-communication channels

D．Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages

3. What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Automatically-sending.	B．Randomly-written.
C．Hardly- recognized.	D．Shortly-appearing.

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．It’s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.

B．E-mail has reasons to exist with its own advantages.

C．E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.

D．We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.

A．The U.S. is not one of the happiest countries in the world.

B．The U. S experienced a decline in happiness only from 2005 to 2007.

C．The U. S. is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.

D．The U. S. is among the 47 countries experiencing a decline in happiness.

2.

A．Greece.

B．Burundi.

C．Denmark.

D．Australia.

3.

A．Quality education.

B．Safety from crime.

C．Good health.

D．Wealth.

8 . Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they _______ positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a(n) _______ basis for older people's increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body _______ its energy.

When our _______ needed more energy than usual perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need _______ the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, _______, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors _______ a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a(n) _______ response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when _______ protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the __________of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a(n) __________ break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you’re being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow’s cold. What you need is to __________ all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.

__________, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we’re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we’re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more __________ the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the __________ things in life more easily.

1.

A．switch

B．energize

C．prioritize

D．undergo

2.

A．regular

B．evolutionary

C．solid

D．fundamental

3.

A．uses

B．squeezes

C．spreads

D．classifies

4.

A．bodies

B．generations

C．ancestors

D．seniors

5.

A．surpasses

B．meets

C．responds

D．requires

6.

A．at random

B．in principle

C．at times

D．in case

7.

A．rejected

B．neglected

C．expected

D．required

8.

A．objective

B．effective

C．emergent

D．negative

9.

A．vulnerable

B．efficient

C．defensive

D．strong

10.

A．service

B．basis

C．search

D．shift

11.

A．momentary

B．voluntary

C．energetic

D．intensive

12.

A．submit

B．activate

C．shift

D．accumulate

13.

A．In the meantime

B．On the contrary

C．In the end

D．As a result

14.

A．addicted to

B．free of

C．focused on

D．enthusiastic about

15.

A．emotional

B．crucial

C．unforgettable

D．depressing

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题
1.

A．By forcefully sending them home.

B．By automatically deleting after-work emails.

C．By banning the use of the email systems.

D．By shortening the working hours.

2.

A．Because of the low working efficiency.	B．Because of the tight break time.
C．Because of the extended working hours.	D．Because of the poor family conditions.

3.

A．Strategies to protect private life.	B．Policies to raise working efficiency.
C．Ways to use work emails effectively.	D．Measures to guarantee personal life.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art's Instagram Dilemma

A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same.

    1    . For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of baby's breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.

It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem.     2    . Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.

So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.

One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.

    3    . Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a selfie playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another.

If we removed social media and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”.     4    . On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.

A．If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won.

B．But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention.

C．In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit.

D．The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.

E．The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination.

F．But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums.