1 . A nation-wide honeybee crisis is under way in the United States. Lately bees have begun to rapidly disappear in24 states across the country. For reasons unknown, bees are flying off in search of nectar and pollen and simply never returning to their colonies.
Bees are extremely social insects; they never desert their young or bee queens. Researchers argue that bees are most probably dying during their search for nectar. A range of theories is also investigated, including a virus and poor bee nutrition. Researchers are looking into a group of pesticides that were banned in European countries to find out whether the chemical preparations(still used in the U. S.) are somehow causing damage to bees' born ability to find their way back home. According to yet another theory, the losses may have resulted from a massive attack by mites, which have repeatedly damaged bee colonies in the past.
The bees disappear as pressure has been building on the U. S. bee industry. The costs to maintain hives are continuously rising. The bee business becomes less profitable as a result. According to estimates by the Agriculture Department, the number of hives has dropped by a quarter over the last twenty years, and the number of beekeepers decreased by half. Beekeepers also have to deal with the problem of suburban spread as they search for areas where bees can hunt for nectar to stay healthy and feel good during the pollination season.
A terrible epidemic breaks out in The Plague, a novel by Albert Camus, shortly after hundreds of dead rats are discovered all over the town. The recent bee mystery, already nicknamed a "colony collapse disorder" by U. S researchers, seems to somewhat resemble the situation described in the novel. We can only hope that the "bee plague" will not take shape of a problem of global proportions.
1. What does the text mainly tell us?| A．terrible epidemic breaks out in America. |
| B．The reason for honeybees' disappearance. |
| C．Measures should be taken to solve the problem. |
| D．The tragedy of mysterious disappearance of America's honeybees. |
| A．Bees are not fond of living together. |
| B．The scientists have found out the reason for bees disappearance. |
| C．Probably, the losses may result from their colonies being damaged. |
| D．It is likely that the bees die while looking for nectar. |
| A．240. | B．200. | C．120. | D．60. |
| A．Because they think the bee plague will kill them. |
| B．Because they believe man will be defeated in the end. |
| C．Because they think the US bee industry is going to come to an end. |
| D．Because they fear the coming of the disaster described in the novel. |
2 . Over the past few years I've had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been making changes to my brain. I'm not thinking the way I used to think. I can feel it most strongly when I'm reading. Involving myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. That's rarely the case anymore.
I think I know what's going on. For over a decade, I've been spending lots of time online. The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. Research that once required days in the rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes by a few Google searches. Even when I'm not working, I'm scanning headlines or just tripping from link to link.
The Net is becoming a universal medium where information flows through my eyes and ears and into mind. The perfect recall of silicon memory can be a blessing to thinking. But that comes at a price. As the media theorist Marshall Mcluhan pointed out, media are not just passive channels of information. They supply the staff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought. And what the Net seems to be doing is weakening my ability for concentration. Once I was a driver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a flying swallow.
I'm not the only one. When I mention my troubles with reading to acquaintances, Bruce Friedman, a blogger, also has described how the Internet has changed his mental habits. His thinking has taken on a “staccato” quality. “I can't read War and Peace anymore,” he admitted. “I've lost the ability to do that.”
A recently published study suggests that when reading online, we tend to become "more decoders of information. We are not only what we read; we are how we read.
1. According to the passage, the author thinks _______.| A．the Net is merely a headache |
| B．he can no longer die but swim shallowly |
| C．the deep reading in the past has become a struggle |
| D．other people around rarely have similar feelings like him |
| A．Thoroughly passive. | B．Totally puzzled. |
| C．Gladly approving. | D．Evidently worried. |
| A．the more mental habits can be improved | B．the more they have to fight to stay focused |
| C．the more they are influenced in shape | D．the more online activities they can enjoy |
| A．Is the Net gradually changing us? |
| B．Long articles are hard to read nowadays. |
| C．Do people lack concentration to cover Web pages? |
| D．More Web involvement results from attention distraction. |
| 大多数学生的观点 | 部分老师及家长的观点 |
| 1.便于和父母及朋友联系 2. 增加乐趣， 丰富学生的生活 | 1.分散注意力， 不能集中精力学习 2. 花费高 |
| 你的观点…… | |
1. in favour of
2.keep in touch
3. concentrate on
4.spend too much money on ...
注意：1.词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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4 . Although vaccines are required for entry into school in most places in the United States, the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons.
In the last few years, the rates of vaccine-preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat, some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school. Several parents thought this was unfair and filed lawsuits. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.
The court made the right decision. Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots, but also on the decreased likelihood that anyone will come into contact with the disease. This is known as community immunity. It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized, then there really can’t be an outbreak. And if there can’t be an outbreak, then everyone is protected.
This is important, because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons. For example, small babies can’t be given all vaccines.
In 1995, the chicken pox vaccine was introduced in the United States. Over time, more and more children received it. In 2011, a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease.
The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chicken pox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced. From 2001 through 2007, the rates of death remained much lower, with just a few children dying from chicken pox nationally each year.
What’s more from 2004 through 2007, not one child less than 1 year of age died in the United States from chicken pox. This is important, because we cannot give the chicken pox vaccine to babies. In other words, all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness, but because older children were.
Therefore, people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren’t just putting themselves at risk — they’re putting everyone else in danger, too.
1. Whose interest did the judges take into consideration?| A．Students’. | B．School leaders’. | C．Several parents’. | D．Unvaccinated kids’. |
| A．Requiring everyone to be immune. |
| B．Vaccinating babies as early as possible. |
| C．Making sure enough people get vaccinated. |
| D．Separating unvaccinated people from vaccinated. |
| A．The vaccine is safe for every kid. | B．No deaths have been seen since 2004. |
| C．The vaccine has lowered the death rate. | D．The vaccine is more effective among babies. |
| A．No vaccine, no risk. | B．No vaccine, no school. |
| C．Vaccination is a personal choice. | D．Vaccine-preventable illness is dropping. |
Every day people throw away a lot of household garbage – paper, cans, kitchen waste, used batteries and glass
People in cities, like Beijing and Shanghai, are required to sort garbage into four categories— kitchen waste,
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Nowadays more and more students attend different kind of training classes or hire tutors to improve their grades at weekends.
Some of the students think that necessary to do so. Firstly, it's more effective to study under a teacher's help than by themselves. Secondly, students can make up for that they miss or fail to understand in class on weekdays. Besides, they can have more chances and time communicate with teachers.
Therefore, others don't think so. For one thing, the students can easily develop the habit of dependence, causing some students not to listen attentive in their regular classes. For another, students needed time for rest and recreation at weekends. What's worse, attend training classes means costing them much money.
7 . Artificial Intelligence (AI) advice is as influential as human’s, but positive crowd views still overpower.
In a study, researchers found that machines that make recommendations—or AI experts—were as influential as human experts when the AI experts recommended which photo users should add to their online business profiles. However, both AI and human experts failed to budge them if their feedback was negative and went against popular views among other users, said S. Shyam Sundar, a professor of Media Effects.
Because people are increasingly using social media to look for feedback, studies suggest that expert opinions and the bandwagon（从众效应）effect may be important factors in influencing decisions, according to Jinping Wang, a doctoral candidate in mass communication and first author of the study. “Nowadays, we often turn to online platforms for opinions from other people—like our peers and experts—before making a decision,” said Wang. AI experts are often less expensive than human experts and they can also work 24 hours a day, which, Wang suggests, might make them appealing to online business.
The researchers also found that the AI’s group status—in this case, national origin was pointed out—did not seem to affect a person’s acceptance of its recommendation. Among human experts, however, an expert from a similar national origin who offered a negative opinion of a photograph tended to be more influential than a human expert from an unknown country who offered a similar negative rating of a photograph.
While findings that suggest group status may not affect whether a person values the view of AI experts sound like good news, Sundar suggests that the same cultural prejudice might still be at work in AI experts for they could be hidden in the programming and training data.
“It can be both good—and bad—because it all depends on what you feed the AI,” said Sundar. “While it is good to believe in AI’s ability to transcend（超越）cultural prejudice, we have to keep in mind that if you train the AI on pictures from one culture, they could give misleading recommendations on pictures meant for use in other cultural contexts.”
1. What do the underlined words “budge them” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Change users’ ideas. | B．Satisfy users’ needs. |
| C．Raise users’ spirits. | D．Fire users’ imagination. |
| A．Because AI experts are more knowledgeable. |
| B．Because AI experts are less influenced by feelings. |
| C．Because AI experts are always available and cost less. |
| D．Because AI experts are so new as to be more attractive. |
| A．An expert who has great achievements in arts. |
| B．An expert from countries with similar cultures. |
| C．An expert with better personality and attitude. |
| D．A foreign expert who is very popular worldwide. |
| A．People should have a mind of their own. |
| B．People should be able to tell good from bad. |
| C．People should be trained how to use AI properly. |
| D．People should know AI’s hidden cultural prejudice. |
8 . In general, elderly people, after retirement, can spend time in
The majority would prefer home-based care,
The government is encouraging home-based care for the aged not only because it is the top choice of the elderly
To help the elderly people, the government is sponsoring day-care centers in local communities in many cities, where the government
For those who prefer to stay
| A．celebrations | B．meetings | C．activities | D．movements |
| A．or | B．but | C．yet | D．and |
| A．spending | B．to spend | C．costing. | D．to cost |
| A．which | B．that | C．it | D．where |
| A．as | B．so | C．therefore | D．however |
| A．optional | B．national | C．additional | D．traditional |
| A．below | B．under | C．over | D．above |
| A．making | B．considering | C．supposing | D．believing |
| A．As if | B．Only if | C．Even if | D．If only |
| A．merely | B．only | C．mostly | D．nearly |
| A．but for | B．but also | C．and then | D．and yet |
| A．of | B．on | C．off | D．with |
| A．handling | B．to handle | C．handled | D．being handled |
| A．requires | B．recommends | C．guides | D．provides |
| A．are advised | B．is advised | C．are operated | D．is operated |
| A．taste | B．turn | C．take | D．touch |
| A．at home | B．at abroad | C．at dinner | D．at ease |
| A．immediately | B．lately | C．justly | D．necessary |
| A．but | B．yet | C．and | D．thus |
| A．so that | B．however | C．although | D．now that |
9 . Pengci (碰瓷) has been a disgusting matter for a long time. When driving on a road, if you see an old man or woman walking by the road, you may be afraid that he or she will hit your car on purpose, and then ask you for much money. Even worse, it has been reported that a pupil saw an old woman fall onto the ground, so he walked over to help her. But she grabbed him and said she was pushed down by him. Then she tried to extort much money from the pupil’s parents.
What a shame! How to deal with it? Our authorities have taken aim at pengci.
On October 14, three top judicial (司法的) organs issued a guideline to clarify the application of the law in extortion cases involving deliberately fabricated (捏造的) accidents or similar happenings. The guideline was issued by the Ministry of Public Security, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. For the first time, authorities have defined the pengci trick, in which people pretend they have been harmed by another party and then ask that party for money or property as compensation.
The guideline stipulates (规定) punishment for the two main types of pengci-fraud and extortion. Criminals who intentionally or negligently cause harm to others while carrying out pengci tricks may be charged with the crimes of intentional homicide, intentional injury, negligently (疏忽地) causing others’ death or causing serious injury to others, the guideline said.
The guideline also stipulates that whoever deliberately causes a traffic accident and blackmails the victim, which meets the relating provisions (条款) of the Criminal Law, shall be punished as the crime of extortion by blackmail.
According to this guideline, we can avoid being extorted by ill persons and warm-hearted persons can help those who really need help.
1. What does the underlined word“extort”in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Threaten to get something illegally. | B．Earn something by working. |
| C．Ask somebody for something. | D．Give something for free |
| A．To protect old men and women. |
| B．To punish criminals seriously. |
| C．To help students do good deeds. |
| D．To clarify the application of the law in extortion cases. |
| A．All the criminals referred to in this passage shall be charged. |
| B．The guideline stipulates one who causes a traffic accident by chance shall be punished. |
| C．Those who play pengci tricks usually pretend to have been harmed. |
| D．If a man plays pengci tricks, he may be very poor. |
| A．Help cautiously when necessary. | B．Help without hesitation. |
| C．Look on nearby. | D．Call the police quickly. |
10 . Using Social Media and Email Safely
The Internet is a huge part of many people's everyday lives.
Never give personal information to someone you met online.
Use caution when meeting in-person with someone you met online. It's best not to meet people in-person who you've only talked to online, but some situations might require it-if you sold something on Craigslist, for example, or are using an online dating site.
Don't open emails or files from people you don't know. Phishing scammers(网络钓鱼骗子)are people who use fake emails or messages to make you share personal information. If you see an email from an unfamiliar address, or from an address you know but with a doubtful message, move it to your spam folder(垃圾邮件夹).
| A．Make your profiles private |
| B．Avoid making your profiles invisible to all |
| C．The email could also include links that might look legal |
| D．It's fun, useful, and informative, but can also be dangerous |
| E．It attracts people's attention, but it's also unsafe to search for |
| F．This might seem obvious, but it's still important to remember |
| G．In these cases, meet in a public place and bring a friend with you |
