On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, Abraham Lincoln mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was there in memory of the    1    (die)soldiers. The place was the site of a recent battle     2    thousands of soldiers had died.

At that time, America was    3     (bitter) divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war. The Union side won but    4    a great cost. Over 50,000 soldiers    5     (kill)or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose.

Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason     6     (look) to the future. He gave them    7    new vision of what the United States of America should be     8     (base)on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the    9     (live) to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the    10     (equal)of humankind.

March 27,1964 was a holiday in Alaska,so most people were at home,but everything was going on as usually.Suddenly,there were a sound like thunder.Next,people’s houses began to shake.Buildings crack and water pipes burst.In the town of a city,the main street went up into the air and buildings fell down.People were shocked by this unexpected disasters.Some ran up and down the street while others who were trapped at the buildings were looking for help.

The earthquake from which hit Alaska was one of the strong quakes in North America.It destroyed much towns and a great number of people were killed.It seemed as the world was at an end.

At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres     1    (direct) below the city, the    2    (great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing,     3    is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut       4       houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes   in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city       5     (lie) in ruins. The       6     (suffer) of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of       7     (they) died   or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many   children were         8     (leave) without parents.

    9     number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard     10    (get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.

6 . Dancing until you drop is a well­known saying, but would you really be able to dance until you dropped dead? In 1374, in some European towns, people did exactly that. They were struck by a dancing plague (瘟疫) that forced them to dance.

This phenomenon (现象) was reported to have happened throughout parts of Western Europe, affecting people from the 14th to the 17th century. Hardly stopping to eat or even sleep, they would dance, sometimes for days on end, making this one of the strangest sicknesses in Western history.

Over the next century, there were only a few outbreaks. However, in the summer of 1518, it reappeared in the city of Strasbourg, France. It all began with a woman called Mrs. Troffea, who started to dance crazily in the street.

She was soon joined by 34 people within a week; by the end of the month, the crowd had increased to 400, most of whom were women. Again, people were dancing until they could no longer continue, with some finally dying from heart attacks or exhaustion. One report shows that the plague was killing around 15 people per day.

As the plague worsened, concerned nobles (贵族) turned to the advice of local doctors, who said that the plague was a “natural disease” caused by “hot blood”. So the nobles encouraged more dancing.

The reason behind their actions was they believed the dancers could only recover if they danced continuously night and day. The nobles even paid for musicians to keep the moving.

Then, as before, it disappeared almost as suddenly as it had come.

While these events may sound highly unbelievable, there is clear written evidence that it did happen.

Now, historians and scientists are still trying to find out the true cause of this phenomenon.

At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols    1    ( carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.

By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols    2    (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically,    3    (lead) to many varieties of dialects characters. This,    4    , changed under the rule of Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.

Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one    5    ( unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was    6    great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or    7    dialect they speak, they can all still communicate    8    (easy) in writing.

Written Chinese has also become an important means by    9    China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic    10    (work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.

8 . When the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) was on fire, it seemed as if the nation had lost a piece of its soul. A similar tragedy took place in 19th century Russia. And the rebuilding effort of the Russians might offer some inspiration for the French.

Standing in the heart of the Russian capital, with 60,000 square meters of floor space and 1,500 rooms, the Winter Palace was among the world’s grandest building. On Dec. 17, 1837, a fire broke out at the Winter Palace. By the morning of Dec.19, only the structure’s framework remained.

For the czar (沙皇) , the fire presented a political challenge. Fearing that Russia's enemies would cast the fire as a blow to the czarist orders, the czar’s supporters quickly worked together to shape the description of the fire in Russia and abroad. They wanted the country to appear united. And they certainly didn't want despair to become the story.

The first full account of the fire was written in French by the poet Petr Viazemskii. A Russian translation appeared two months later. That text and others painted a highly idealized picture of the response to the tragedy. The accounts noted that the czar forcefully directed the fire’s containment. Soldiers were selfless to save the palace. The Russian people felt the loss just as deeply as the czar.

To erase the shame of the fire, the czar set a nearly impossible goal: rebuild the palace within 15 months, and he ordered that rebuilt palace look exactly as it had before.Thousands of workers labored on the construction site. They made rapid progress. On Match 25, 1839, the czar celebrated the rebirth of the Winter Palace.

Outwardly identical to the old version, the new palace featured more iron and brick in its structures---and less wood. It was far less fire-prone than the original.

Notre Dame hasn’t experienced the same level of destruction as the Winter Palace, if the Russian phoenix of 1839 is any indication, there is hope that a renewed Notre Dame will once again grace the banks of the Seine.

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

At 3:42 one of the greatest earthquake of the 20th century shook Tangshan. It seemed as if the world was at the end. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wider cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam bursts from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin. The suffering of the people was extremely. Two-thirds of them died and injured during the earthquake. The number of people killing or injured reached more than 400,000. After the earthquake, everywhere the survivors looked nearly everything was destroyed. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves and sand was now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocking and they felt hopeless.

John Snow was a famous doctor in London —so    1    , indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal     2    . But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people     3    to cholera.

First there was England. Wales was    4     to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales    5    as well.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without    6     when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.

At first my new surroundings were difficult to    7    . The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen     8    . Hit by a    9     of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary    10    to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.