牛津译林版 2020 必修二

Unit2   Welcome-Reading 课中

一、重点单词讲解与练习

1. congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ n.祝贺，恭喜;贺辞;恭贺

【原句背诵】You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you!

【联想拓展】

a letter of congratulation 贺信

to offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺

congratulate vt. 祝贺;恭喜;庆贺

congratulate sb. on/upon/for (doing) sthg. 因(做某事祝贺某人)

【经典例句】Congratulations on your exam results! 祝贺你考出了好成绩!

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2. assume vt.假定，认为;承担(责任)，就(职);呈现，显露

【原句背诵】Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for your body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits?

【联想拓展】

assume (that)…假设/认为……

It is assumed that….人们认为……

assumption n. 假定;假设;担任

an assumption that…假定……(that引导同位语从句)

【经典例句】I hope to go to college next year, always assuming I pass my exams. 我希望明年上大学，当然是在我通过考试的前提下。 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. 在进行艺术批评时，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着秘密信息。

Everyone must assume his share of the responsibility to protect the environment. 每个人都必须承担起保护环境的责任。

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3. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少，缩小

【原句背诵】Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.

【联想拓展】

reduce sthg. (from sthg.) (to sthg.)

reduce sthg. (by sthg.) 减少，缩小(尺寸、数量、价格等)

be reduced to (doing) sthg. 使陷入(更坏的)境地;使沦落;使陷入窘境

reduction n. 减少;下降;缩小;还原(反应)

【经典例句】The medicine helps reduce the risks of heart disease. 这种药减小了犯心脏病的风险。

The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. 雇员人数40人减少到了25人。

Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。

Numerous people in Africa have been reduced to extreme poverty. 很多非洲人沦落到极度贫困的地步。

He was reduced to begging for a living. 他不得不以乞讨为生。

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4. range /reɪndʒ/ n.(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间;一系列

【原句背诵】Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body’s range of movement.

【拓展】

a wide range of　 一系列……

within/in the range of     在……范围内

beyond/out of one’s range 超出范围;在视觉(听觉等)范围之外;某人能力达不到的

range from ...to...     在……范围内变动

range between…and…在……到……之间

【经典例句】

The restaurant has become popular for its wide range of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 由于菜品多样，适合各种口味和消费群体，这家饭店深受大家欢迎。

The child was now out of her range of vision (= not near enough for her to see). 那个孩子已经走出了她的视线。

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5.   stick with持续，坚持

【原句背诵】Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, you’re more likely to stick with them.

【联想拓展】

stick at sth. 坚持不懈地做(某事);持之以恒;锲而不舍

stick to (to是介词)坚持;遵守;信守

stick out伸出;探出;突出

stick in your mind 经久不忘;铭记在心

get/be stuck in (=get/be caught in)陷入……;被卡在…… They decided to stick with their original plan. 他们决定继续执行原来的计划。

【经典例句】If you want to play an instrument well, you’ve got to stick at it. 要想练好一种乐器，你必须持之以恒。

The incident stuck in my mind because it was the first example I had seen of racism in that country. 那个事件令我难以忘怀，因为那是我看到的那个国家的第一例种族歧视事件。

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6. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的;典型的

【原句背诵】When to eat is also of great importance. In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.

【联想拓展】

an average of   平均是…

on (the/an) average   平均;普通，通常

above the average   在一般水平(或平均数)以上

below the average   在一般水平(或平均数)

【经典例句】I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一个普通的学生。

Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people. 对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。

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7. lack /læk/ n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺;vt. & vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺

【原句背诵】Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.

【联想拓展】

(a) lack of food/money/skills 缺乏食物╱金钱╱技能

for/from/through lack of因缺少……

lacking adj. 缺乏的，不足的;缺失的

be lacking in 缺乏;缺少某种品质

The book is completely lacking in originality. 这部书完全没有创意。

【经典例句】Tom lacked confidence in the competition. 汤姆在竞赛时缺少自信。 Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.

尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。

The trip was cancelled through lack of (= because there was not enough) interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。

Some houses still lack basic facilities such as bathrooms. 有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。

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8. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt.维持;维修，保养

【原句背诵】Habits like these put stress on the body, and if they are maintained over the long term, can become a serious health risk.

【经典例句】The two countries have always maintained close relations. 这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。

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二、单词拼写