牛津译林版 2020 必修二
Unit2 Grammar and usage课中
现在完成时和现在进行时的被动语态
一、概念
(一)现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的形式 | |
肯定式 | 主语+ have/has +been + done |
否定式 | 主语+have/has + not + been done |
—般疑问式 | Have/Has+主语+been+ done |
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词+have/has+主语+been+done |
The computer has already been repaired.
机器已经修好了。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long ...?”句型中。
How long has this film been shown?
这部电影已放映多长时间了?
【知识点】 现在完成时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
【知识点】 arrive cake eat 将来完成时的被动语态解读
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
recently/lately最近
since then从那时起
ever since自那以来
by now到现在为止
for a long time很长一段时间
ever曾经
in recent years在最近几年里
yet已经
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
already已经
so far迄今为止
注意的问题
1.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建成的。
The bridge has been built.这座桥已经建好了。(现在可以使用了)
2.一些瞬间动词,如:borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改为相应的延续性动词或时态。
这本书买了多长时间了?
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/11/27/3377135595134976/STRUCT/476f9172b00a4fa6ab6db9533470c46b.png?resizew=3)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/11/27/3377135595134976/STRUCT/046227472e354259917e058c1d032cf5.png?resizew=3)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/11/27/3377135595134976/STRUCT/476f9172b00a4fa6ab6db9533470c46b.png?resizew=3)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/11/27/3377135595134976/STRUCT/046227472e354259917e058c1d032cf5.png?resizew=3)
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。
No books have been bought since last week.
自上周以来,没有人来买书。
3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
5.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。
We have given him the book.
→He has been given the book.
→The book has been given to him.
6.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
(二)现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态的形式 | |
肯定式 | am/is/are + being done |
否定式 | am/is/are + not +being done |
一般疑问式 | Am/ls/Are+主语+being done |
特殊疑问式 | 疑问词+is/are +主语+being done |
As far as I know, he is now being treated in India.
据我所知,他现在正在印度接受治疗。
A.is being carried out | B.has carried out |
C.has been carried out | D.had been carried out |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作,但该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行。
Many interesting activities are being carried out these days.
最近许多有趣的活动正在被进行着。(说话时,并不一定正在进行)
—I’m going to an exhibition of photographs which _____ these days.
A.will be held | B.is holding | C.will hold | D.is being held |
3.表示一种经常性的被动行为,常与 always, constantly, frequently等副词连用,往往带有夸奖、羡慕、埋怨、讨厌等感情色彩。
I feel very amazed that the glasses of our living room are frequently being broken.
让我感到非常吃惊的是我们起居室的玻璃杯经常被打破。
A.being introduced | B.be introduced | C.introduced | D.introducing |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读
二、单项选择
—Sorry. ______
A.It is repaired. | B.It has been repaired. |
C.It is being repaired. | D.It had been repaired. |
【知识点】 computer repair 现在进行时的被动语态解读
―It comes from the construction site. A library______.
A.is built | B.is building | C.will be built | D.is being built |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.is being built | B.is built | C.are being built | D.have been built |
【知识点】 build 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.cut | B.are cut | C.are being cut | D.had been cut |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读
A.have; is being taken | B.have; has taken |
C.has; is taken | D.has; have been taken |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.have; are being looked | B.have; are looking |
C.has; is looking | D.have; is being looked |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.kept | B.is being kept | C.is keeping | D.was kept |
【知识点】 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.have made | B.having made | C.are being made | D.will be making |
【知识点】 make(made made) 现在进行时的被动语态解读
A.is repaired | B.is repairing |
C.repairs | D.is being repaired |
【知识点】 repair 现在进行时的被动语态解读 语法一致解读
A.has devoted to;is supposed | B.is devoted to;will be supposed |
C.has been devoted to;is supposed | D.had devoted to;will be supposed |