Alida Monaco doesn’t spend her summers doing the usual teenage work, like working at the mall. Instead，she ‘ s studying.
It used to be that a summer job was considered a teenage thing. Today, Monaco ,who has never had a summer job, is part of growing trend (趋势)teenagers focusing on their studies, even during the summer. That’s down from 72% of Americans aged 16 to 19 who worked in July of 1978, according to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Fierce (激烈的)competition, older workers returning to the workforce and weak economic growth are all adding to the decrease of teenagers in the workforce. But as schoolwork grows increasingly heavy and homework eats up more time, data suggest the biggest reason why some teens won’t be working this summer is that they simply don’t1 have time.
For college - bound teens, some teachers even advise students not to waste time on a summer job. “ Some of my students only have about six weeks off in the summer,” said Shannon Reed, a lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh and a former high school English teacher.” I could never advise that they get jobs during that short break. ”
Young people who don’t work may miss out on valuable skills that they’11 need control and help people learn to deal with adult situations. But Monaco, who plans to attend Harvard, isn’t fazed by her lack(缺乏)of work experience. “Maybe I have missed out on a couple of life skills, “she said. “ But I don’t think it will harm me in way .”
1. What is the trend of American teenagers?| A．They are becoming lazy. |
| B．They are fond of doing holiday jobs. |
| C．They are focusing more on studies than on jobs. |
| D．They are becoming particular about (挑剔)holiday jobs |
| A．The reasons for teenagers giving up work. |
| B．The fierce competition teenagers face. |
| C．The structure (结构)of America’s workforce. |
| D．The effects of America9 s weak economy. |
| A．uncaring. | B．favorable(支持的). | C．worried. | D．doubtful. |
| A．supported. | B．helped. | C．upset. | D．confused. |
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【推荐1】We live in a world where we want everything instantly. In this instant world it is hard to succeed in anything. To achieve your goal, you first have to change your life from instantly to persistently (坚持地).
Persistence is the course you need to set. When you change your expectancy from instantly to persistently you will gain an advantage of time that many do not have. Time works against those who live instantly. Opportunities are never seen because when something doesn’t happen instantly people move on to the next thing on their list and consider the current goal a failure.
Persistent people have the advantage of time. It allows them to step back, observe and assess the progress of the goal they are pursuing. Some things take longer to develop; some just need to be left there for a while to find their own way.
When you live instantly you gain and lose instantly. Many times, you do not know how you got there or how to get back because it is not repeatable. When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a plan and how to guide it to make it successful. You do not panic because you know you have more than enough time.
Slow down and take time to enjoy the journey. If what you are doing is not fun then stop doing it and do something else.
Everything you do should be in pursuit of a better tomorrow than you had yesterday. You should take time to develop your abilities to reach your goals. Do not get discouraged just because your success is not instant.
Celebrate each step along the way. People who live instantly don’t take time to appreciate what they have accomplished. They are just looking for the next thing that they can get instantly.
You must be grateful for the time it takes to reach your goal. Persistence will get you there if you really want to get there.
1. Why will people who want things instantly fail in many things?| A．They don’t stick to their goal. |
| B．They often change their lifestyle. |
| C．They want greater efficiency. |
| D．They tend to pursue a higher target. |
| A．The willpower. | B．A plan. |
| C．A target. | D．An opportunity. |
| A．work slower than instant people |
| B．will get rewarded for their efforts |
| C．focus more on the result |
| D．don’t appreciate what they have done |
| A．To praise those who have succeeded. |
| B．To suggest learning the art of persistence. |
| C．To blame those who live instantly. |
| D．To persuade people to live happily. |
【推荐2】According to the Associated Press (AP), a Chinese scientist claims he successfully created the world’s first genetically-edited babies.
Chinese researcher He Jiankui, a research professor at China’s Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, said he had edited DNA of twin girls born a few weeks ago. ①
He’s claims were immediately criticized by some scientists as unsafe and unethical. This kind of gene editing is forbidden in the United States and many other countries. ②Such changes to a person’s DNA can pass to future generations and risk harming other genes.
In interviews, He Jiankui defended his work. He said he had performed the gene editing to help protect the babies from future infection of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. He said the process had “worked safely” and the twin girls were “as healthy as any other babies.” He told the AP he felt a strong responsibility “not just to make a first, but also to make an example” for future research. “Society will decide what to do next,” he said.
When He’s claims became public, the university made a statement saying his work had “seriously went against academic ethics and standards.” University officials said they had no knowledge of his research and had looked into the case. ③
China’s National Health Commission was “highly concerned” about the claims and ordered local health officials “to immediately look into” He’s activity. “We have to be responsible for the people’s health and will act on this according to the law,” the commission said.
Scientists discovered in recent years a new way to edit genes that make up a person’s DNA throughout the body. The tool, called CRISPR-cas9, makes it possible to change DNA to supply a needed gene or take one away that is causing problems. So far the tool has only been used on adults to treat deadly diseases, and the changes only affected that person.
④Kiran Musunuru, a scientist from University of Pennsylvania, told the AP that if such an experiment had been carried out on human beings, it could not be “morally or ethically reasonable.” Julian Savulescu, a medical ethics expert at Britain’s University of Oxford, agreed. “If true, this experiment may cause disasters,” he told Reuters.
However, one well-known geneticist, Harvard University’s George Church, defended the attempt to edit genes to prevent infections of HIV. He told the AP that since HIV is “a major and growing public health threat” he finds such experiments “valuable.”
1. What can we learn from this passage?| A．All scientists consider He’s experiment unsafe and unethical. |
| B．The university He works in supports his experiment. |
| C．Many countries don’t allow editing babies genetically. |
| D．China’s National Health Commission thinks highly of He’s experiment. |
| A．① | B．② |
| C．③ | D．④ |
| A．Supportive. | B．Uninterested. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Neutral. |
| A．Chinese Scientist Claims First Gene Edited Babies |
| B．Chinese Scientist Finds A New Cure For AIDS |
| C．Gene Editing Still Has A Long Way To Go |
| D．China Takes The Lead In Gene Editing |
【推荐3】With an eye on urbanization, population growth and efficiency, tiny spaces were a big theme at this summer’s Dwell on Design conference in Los Angeles. Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small – from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects.
In North America, about 82% of the total population – roughly 473.8 million people – lives in urban areas.
Micro-apartments tricked out with scaled-down, adaptable furniture and decor could make urban living more compatible (兼容的) with the way people increasingly live now – and help cities as they attempt to absorb more people in the future. The challenges include how to do so affordably, comfortably and with enough privacy to make these spaces homes as well as housing.
Re-thinking the toilet
The greater Tokyo area is the world’s most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles.
The design also carries the EPA WaterSense label, averaging a lean 1 gallon per flush. This “saves a family of four more than $90 annually on their water bill, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilet”, said TOTO USA’s Lenora Campos.
Convertible furniture re-imagined
To furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs.
| A．A sleeping layer might include a platform bed with a desk or closet space underneath, for example. |
| B．There’s a very fixed idea of what an apartment needs to be and who you expect to live in the unit will affect the design. |
| C．Often their strategies sought to reduce the human footprint on the environment and save energy. |
| D．So small sinks and showers are nothing new in compact Japanese bathrooms. |
| E．Storage space is cleverly hidden within walls and pushed up to ceilings. |
| F．The number of single-person households is rising, although housing has not kept pace with demographic change. |
【推荐1】It’s normal for teens to want to stay connected to friends and social circles, but in the middle of the night? The Journal of Youth Studies recently published new research indicating that one in five teens from 12 to 15 regularly wake during the night to have some form of social media. Not surprisingly, the research also indicated that these social night owls were three times more likely than their friends to feel tired at school and that girls were more likely than boys to be called to office.
The blue light produced by cell phones, tablets and computers signals the brain to stay awake, so it’s easy to see why a teen might be up all might. A 2016 study in Psychological Science noted the same brain circuits(脑回路)that are activated by eating chocolate and winning money are activated when teens see large numbers of “likes” on their posts or those of their peers.
Besides not catching enough snaps, by interrupting their sleep cycle, teens may never fully engage in REM sleep(快速动眼睡眠), the deepest stage of sleep that may be responsible for brain development and learning.
Considering about 72 percent of children from 6 to 17 sleep with some electronic media in their bedrooms, parents need to set boundaries sooner rather than later.
“Providing access to devices and thus to social media is a privilege that children can earn and also lose, ” Janie Feldman, a psychologist who treats sleep disorders, reminds parents that, “temporarily removing privileges can have important impact so long as the means of earning back the privileges is clear. Teens and parents should discuss and agree upon terms of use, timing, and access. Teenagers are most cooperative when they agree to the rules, so including them in defining rules makes for very effective parenting.
1. What does the new research indicate about teens from 12 to 15?| A．Some of them rely on social media for homework. |
| B．Some of them share their sleep experience online. |
| C．Some of them often use cell phones or tablets at midnight. |
| D．Some of them surf online for ways to protect animals. |
| A．It will become too active for the teens to go to sleep. |
| B．It will inspire the teens to post something more online. |
| C．It will promote the teens for some restful time. |
| D．It will promote the teens to earn money with their posts. |
| A．Forbid their children from using social media at night. |
| B．Get the children to have the right to social media with housework. |
| C．Never give the children access to social media if they break a rule. |
| D．Give back children’s media access when they correct their errors. |
| A．How to Win Back the Trust of Parents |
| B．Sleep Disorders and Social Media |
| C．REM Sleep and Brain Development |
| D．The Harm of Social Media on Teens |
【推荐2】It is inevitable (不可避免的) that students will make mistakes. Some teachers think punishing students is the most effective way for them to learn their lessons. Others choose a more moderate (温和的) way, like a face-to-face talk. I support the second.
In my opinion, punishment, especially physical punishment, will harm the students mentally. The students are likely to feel very ashamed. Their confidence may get lost as a result. They may end up locking themselves up and refusing to communicate with even their best friends. In such a situation, it will be very difficult to encourage them to open up again.
Furthermore, punishment is likely to cause additional misunderstandings between the teacher and the student. For example, my cousin once disturbed his teacher in class by talking to another student. The teacher only punished him instead of both of them. He believed the teacher to be partial towards students with better grades. Little by little, he started to dislike this teacher.
To help students learn lessons from their mistakes, there are many better methods for teachers to use than punishment. Here are some suggestions:
① Both the student and the teacher should calm down and then discuss the problem together.
② The teacher should give the student a chance to express his or her thoughts on the problem. In this way, the student may also be more willing to follow the teacher’s advice.
③ The teacher and the student can reach an agreement. For example, if the student promises not to make the same mistake again, the teacher can promise him or her a reward (奖励).
1. According to the writer, if a student gets physical punishment, he or she may ________.| A．understand the teacher | B．lose the confidence |
| C．follow the teacher’s advice | D．learn some lessons |
| A．部分的 | B．热情的 |
| C．偏袒的 | D．聚会的 |
| A．Para.1 and Para. 2 | B．Para. 2 and Para. 3 |
| C．Para. 2, Para. 3 and Para. 4 | D．Para. 3 and Para. 4 |
| A．To call on students not to make mistakes |
| B．To ask both teachers and students to calm down. |
| C．To advise teachers to use a better way instead of punishment |
| D．To advise teachers to use physical punishment |
| A．a nurse | B．not a good student |
| C．a strict teacher | D．a worrying parent |
【推荐3】For a land where snow is hardly a winter rarity, it will come as little surprise that Scotland has several words for the cold white thing that falls from skies.
But few might expect the list to amount to a grand total of 421 separate terms designed to describe everything from small flakes(雪片)of wind-driven snow (“spitters”) to a figure in a snowstorm(“snaw-ghast”)
The list, which shows that the Scottish comfortably out-compete the 100 or so words used by the Inuits for snow, is part of a project to bring together the roots of every Scots word into a thesaurus (a book that contains lists of words that have similar meanings).
The online Scots Historical Thesaurus draws on forgotten words from outdated dialects (方言)to terms still used across Scotland today to attempt to record the full range of language used to describe daily life.
Initial research at the University of Glasgow has focused on two areas close to Scottish hearts-----the weather and sport.
Dr Susan Rennie, a Scots specialist at the university, said: “Weather has been a vital part of people’s lives in Scotland for centuries. The number and variety of words in the language show how important it was for our ancestors to communicate about the weather, which could so easily affect their lives.”
Researchers found that alongside many words for cloud and mist, Scots have excelled down the ages at dreaming up ways to describe the details of types of snow and the way in which it falls.
Someone interested in the weather would mix up “flindrikin” (a slight snow shower with a “bin-drift”, used to describe thick drifting(堆积)snow. The white thing can also “frog” (start to fall), “feefle” (twist around a corner)or “feuchter” (fall in sight flakes).
1. Which of the following comes as a surprise?| A．There’s a lot of snow in Scotland |
| B．There’re many dialects in Scotland |
| C．Scotland has several words for snow |
| D．There’re over 400 Scottish words for snow |
| A．To record the daily language used by Scots |
| B．To protect endangered languages in Scotland |
| C．To carry out research into the climate in Scotland |
| D．To let foreigners have a better idea of Scots culture |
| A．how they made the world list |
| B．how Scots communicate with each other |
| C．why Scots like talking about the weather and sport |
| D．why they did research on the vocabulary of the weather |
| A．Feefle | B．Frog |
| C．Blin-drift | D．Snaw-ghast |
【推荐1】In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular (分子运动) theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles (微粒) that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated (制定). These possible solutions are called hypotheses (假设).
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated (合并) into theories.
1. According to paragraph 2, a useful theory is one that helps scientists to ________.| A．observe events. | B．make predictions. |
| C．publicize new findings. | D．find errors in past experiments. |
| A．Science is more than a collection of facts. |
| B．Hypotheses are made before an observed event. |
| C．Hypotheses are facts that are not proven to be true. |
| D．A scientist’s most difficult task is collecting information. |
| A．confirming known facts. |
| B．linking together different theories. |
| C．providing direction for scientific research. |
| D．communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others. |
| A．Hypotheses | B．Observations |
| C．Scientific Theories | D．Creative Thinking |
【推荐2】Lao-tzu and Confucius were China’s most famous philosophers.
According to Taoism, the entire universe flows with a mysterious force called the Tao, which means “The Way”.
Born in 551 BC, Confucius wandered throughout China as a government employee and a political adviser to the ruling Chou family.
Taoism and Confucianism have differences and similarities. Confucianism tells people how to act toward each other. Taoism tells people how to find meaning in life. They both share ideas about man, society, and the universe. Both Taoism and Confucianism have served as guides.
| A．Good thinking lasts a long time! |
| B．Their sayings are still used today. |
| C．Lao-tzu may not even have existed. |
| D．He was also a musician, thinker, and teacher. |
| E．The name Lao-tzu means “Old Master” or “Old Boy”. |
| F．They have led China through the peaks and valleys of its long history. |
| G．Taoists believe that everything might seem separate, but is actually one. |
【推荐3】The year 2018 will mark the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record—keeping, we may never know the exact number.
The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.” The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.
Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines (疫苗) which offer immunity (免疫) from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.
Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.
To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the U. S. announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018. the Human Vaccines Project, a public—private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today’s seasonal flu vaccine remains important.
1. What do we know about the influenza in 1918?| A．It swept across the whole Europe. |
| B．No one survived the first few days. |
| C．It killed the largest number of people. |
| D．It struck only young and healthy people. |
| A．It spreads too rapidly. |
| B．It is quite easy to catch. |
| C．No vaccine is available. |
| D．It’s hard to judge the form of virus. |
| A．New forms of flu virus keeps appearing. |
| B．It was the most serious in recent years. |
| C．It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918. |
| D．The H1N1 virus was deadly as well. |
| A．The development is quite costly. |
| B．It will be used all over the world. |
| C．It can protect against all forms of flu. |
| D．It will soon come into use in 2019. |
There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, golden Delicious, and McIntosh.
Apples are different in colour, size, and taste. The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart (酸的). Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce (苹果酱).
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
1. It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are _______________
| A．grown in France. | B．sold everywhere. | C．very big. | D．quite sweet. |
| A．the growth of apple trees. | B．producing large apples. |
| C．improving the taste of apples. | D．the increase of water in apples. |
| A．be large producers of apples. |
| B．be large producers of applesauce. |
| C．have the longest history in apple production. |
| D．have the coldest winter among apple producing countries. |
| A．improved. | B．increased. | C．produced. | D．sold. |
【推荐2】Mythology(神话) is rich with tales of dragons and the magical characteristics of their blood. It was supposed to be capable of curing certain diseases and was widely sought after.
A new study at George Mason University in Virginia suggests that the blood of the Komodo dragon, the largest living lizard on the planet, is loaded with chemicals that could be used as antibiotics(抗生素).
Komodo dragons, which are native to parts of Indonesia, attack large animals like water buffalo and deer with a bite to the throat. If their prey (猎物) does not fall immediately, the dragons rarely continue the fight. Instead, they back away and let the mix of mild poison and dozens of disease-causing bacteria found in their saliva(唾液) finish the job. They track their prey until it falls, victim to the poison and the bacteria, and then they can feast without a struggle. The strange thing is Komodo dragons are not affected by the bites of other dragons.
This fact interested the researchers who then examined the blood of Komodo dragons and discovered that it possessed qualities that are likely to have important medicinal uses. They recognized 48 elements that had previously been unknown to science and decided to test them in their laboratory. They exposed two types of disease-causing bacteria to eight of the most promising elements found in dragon blood. They found that the growth of both bacteria were strongly affected by seven of the dragon blood elements.
These results are important because antibiotic-proof bacteria are an increasing problem in hospitals. Such bacteria are thought to cause 700,000 deaths in hospitals each year around the world. It could be that the work of scientists with Komodo dragon blood could solve this increasingly common problem and their work may prove that dragon’s blood is just as magical as myths suggest.
1. From Komodo dragons’ way of hunting prey, we can learn that ________.| A．Komodo dragons feast on their prey after a fierce fight |
| B．Komodo dragons in Indonesia tend to hunt big prey in groups |
| C．a bite to the throat is adequate to kill large beasts immediately |
| D．the poison and the bacteria in Komodo dragons’ saliva are deadly |
| A．the blood of Komodo dragons contains 48 elements |
| B．their poisonous saliva has killed many human beings |
| C．urgent research action has to be taken in search of antibiotic-proof bacteria |
| D．Komodo dragons are unaffected by the bacteria in the saliva of other dragons |
| A．many hidden blood types | B．many unknown blood elements |
| C．many unknown blood drugs | D．two types of disease-causing bacteria |
【推荐3】Most online fraud （诈骗）involves identity theft. Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics （生物统计学），is gaining ground.
It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today's devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored to show the distinctive ways in which someone's fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a transaction （交易）is likely to be the device's habitual user.
Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual's unique motion fingerprint"，says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user's finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device's regular places of use—as revealed by its GPS unit一that user's identity can be pretty well determined.
Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognised. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people's privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night.
1. What is behavioural biometrics for?| A．To ensure network security. | B．To identify network crime. |
| C．To track online fraud. | D．To gather online data. |
| A．By restricting and detecting the access to an account of users. |
| B．By spotting and revealing a device's regular places of use. |
| C．By monitoring and comparing the ways users interact with devices. |
| D．By offering and analyzing the operating system of devices. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Concerned. | C．Objective. | D．Favorable. |
| A．Health and wealth. | B．Science and technology. |
| C．Finance and economics. | D．Books and arts. |
