Many parents worry that showing negative emotions in front of their children will cause them to suffer. For example, children may end up thinking it's their fault or simply "catch" the emotion. Indeed, this worry has a sound basis — the phenomenon of “emotional contagion"（情绪感染）is real, and one recent study found that parents can transfer their fear of going to the dentist, for example, to their children.
On the other hand, there is the natural idea that we should “be real" with our children, and that they will benefit from watching a parent who struggles and eventually deals with their negative emotions like any other human being.
There are three concepts to consider when it comes to emotional display in front of children: suppression （压抑），"uncontained" expression, and talking about emotions. Suppression of emotion is when you hide the outward signs of an emotion. Unfortunately, it doesn't work very well — the act of suppressing your emotion actually increases your blood pressure. Observers can pick up on your distress despite your efforts to hide it, making them feel stressed. The recent research has also found that when parents feel negative emotions and keep them from their children, they experience lower relationship quality and decreased responsiveness to their child's needs.
On the other hand, “uncontained" expression of anger and sadness by the parent is also not salutary for the child. Uncontained means high intensity emotion, with no attempts to regulate or take ownership of it. Shouting, smashing （摔）things and blaming someone else for "making you angry" are all example of this .
So, what is the middle ground? That would be talking about emotion taking ownership of them and showing your child that you are trying to deal with them. Classic research found that six-year-old kids had better emotional understanding and perspective-taking skills if their mothers had talked to them about their emotions at the age of three. In fact, the more the mothers had talked, the better the outcome would be.
So next time you feel sad, angry or frustrated and your child is watching you expressing emotion, do explain what's going on in terms they can understand.
1. The author uses the example of going to the dentist mainly to _______.| A．explain parents' common fear |
| B．introduce the topic of negative emotions |
| C．show children may catch parents' emotions |
| D．present the consequences of transferring negative emotions |
| A．she will not make her kids feel stressed |
| B．she can hide her emotions from her kids |
| C．she will often shout at her kids for no reasons |
| D．she can't respond effectively to her kids' needs |
| A．Enough. | B．Beneficial. |
| C．Necessary. | D．Reliable. |
| A．To encourage parents to "be real" with our children. |
| B．To call on parents to develop a positive attitude to life. |
| C．To inform parents of the consequences of negative emotions. |
| D．To recommend parents to talk about negative emotions with children. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】It is common for children to feel like your parents are too reserved in letting you live your own lives.
Identify controlling behaviors
Accept responsibility for your actions. Though your parents may be controlling. you are responsible for how you respond to them.
Take a break if problems continue. If things begin to go “right back to normal," you may need to cut down on your time with your parents again. This does not have to mean cutting off all ties to your parents. It often just means that things have got too close for them (or you) to follow through.
| A．Try not to get defensive |
| B．Face your parents respectfully |
| C．Some parents are demanding of their children |
| D．Spend a little more time apart. and try again later |
| E．When your parents want you to be a perfectionist |
| F．Though there are many reasons for your parents to control you |
| G．You decide whether to let them control your decisions. or stand up to them |
【推荐2】My mother was never truly happy in Connecticut finding the winter bitter cold and the culture provincial (偏狭的). Though she grew up in New Jersey, she moved to San Francisco in her early twenties, met and married my dad out there. After I was born, they decided to return east, closer to their own parents. But she never let go of her love for the Bay Area.
California was always part of the conversation when I was a kid. I ate meals off a map-of-the-world placemat (餐垫), and Mom taught me to identify San Francisco before I learned where Hartford was. She told us stories of perfection on a single city, fantasizing about retiring out west. My dad would play along, but his heart wasn’t in the same place.
While my mother’s status in the nonprofit world advanced, her desire to move back to her favorite place grew strong. She applied for jobs in the Bay, underwent bicoastal Skype screenings, even traveled out for a couple of interviews on a whim (心血来潮). Sometimes her cover letters disappeared, other times she made it down to the final two candidates. With each rejection, she promised to make her next job application even stronger.
This past May, I relocated from San Francisco to New York for a job. A few weeks later, Mom called me. Her pursuit had finally paid off. She’s been offered a vice president position at a public health nonprofit in Oakland. A few weeks later, she packed up her baggage and left Connecticut for good.
Our lives are more semblable than ever these days. We’re both discovering our new homes, making friends. We’re looking for a good yoga studio to join, reading the same books and chatting about the plots by text message. I emailed her photos from my trip to Burning Man and she replied with stories about her new coworkers who go every year. There’s even time for the occasional dating disaster.
Perhaps that’s the paradox (悖论) of growing older. Things will always change, and they can change immediately—my mother is proof. But an individual’s own power to create change always stays the same. Everything can change, and therefore nothing ever really changes.
Now when I’m out west for a visit, Mom meets me at a station with her big bag. We stop by the Grand Lake farmers market, picking out the freshest seasonal ingredients, before hiking up the hill to her new apartment. One of these days, I’ll actually cook her dinner.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?| A．The author spent all her childhood in California. |
| B．The author’s father would like to play along streets. |
| C．The author’s mother liked to use plates with map designs. |
| D．In fact, the author’s father didn’t want to live in California. |
| A．She always likes to struggle on her own. | B．Nothing can stop her from reaching her goal. |
| C．She owns a public health nonprofit company. | D．She takes everything of her daughter on herself. |
| A．Changeable. | B．Comfortable. | C．Similar. | D．Creative. |
| A．The relationship between the author and her mother is very good. |
| B．The author would not like to let her mother work on. |
| C．The author and her mother live in the same city at present. |
| D．The author would not like to change her life situation. |
| A．her family’s life always change because of her mother |
| B．the mother-daughter feelings will stay the same forever |
| C．she has grown up during her family’s constant moves |
| D．her mother always wants to change her current situations |
【推荐3】On numerous drives with my mom through my childhood, she would suddenly pull over the car to examine a flower by the side of the road or rescue a beetle from danger while I, in my late teens and early twenties, sat impatiently in the car.
Though Mother's Day follows Earth Day, for me, they have always been related to each other. My mom has been ''green'' since she became concerned about the environment. Part of this habit was born of thrift(节俭). Like her mother and her grandmother before her, mom saves glass jars, empty cheese containers and reuses her plastic bags.
Mom creates a kind of harmonious relationship with wildlife in her yard. She knows to pick the apples on her trees a little early to avoid the bears and that if she leaves the bird feeders out at night, it is likely that they will be knocked down by a family of raccoons(浣熊). Spiders that make their way into the house and are caught in juice glasses will be set loose in the garden.
I try to teach my children that looking out for the environment starts with being aware of the environment. On busy streets, we look for dandelions(蒲公英)to fly in the wind; we say hello to neighborhood cats and pick up plastic cups and paper bags. This teaching comes easily, I realize, because I was taught so well by example. Mom didn’t need to lecture; she didn't need to beat a drum to change the world. She simply slowed down enough to enjoy living in it and with that joy came mercy and an instinct(直觉)for protection.
I am slowing down and it isn't because of the weight of my nearly forty years on the planet, it is just out of my concern for the planet itself. I've begun to save glass jars and reuse packing envelopes. I pause in my daily tasks to watch the squirrels race each other in the trees above my house.
Last summer, I planted tomatoes in my yard. With the heat of August around me, I enjoyed my tomatoes while sitting on my low wall. I immediately wanted to share with my mom.
1. Why does the author say Earth Day is connected with Mother's Day?| A．Because Mother's Day falls shortly after Earth Day. |
| B．To stress that all the older women are environmentalists. |
| C．To stress how much her mother cares about the environment. |
| D．Because her mother asks her to be kind to nature on Mother’s Day. |
| A．Picking dandelions on busy streets. | B．Rescuing a beetle from some danger. |
| C．Setting a caught spider free in the garden. | D．Saving glass jars and empty cheese containers. |
| A．the author's mother is very impatient with her children |
| B．The author's mother knows how to live in harmony with nature |
| C．the author's mother knows how to keep the wildlife off her yard |
| D．the author's mother used to lecture her to protect the environment |
| A．doubtful—critical—positive | B．approving—doubtful—negative |
| C．understanding—critical—approving | D．negative—understanding—approving |
【推荐1】Lots of students are too busy doing their homework to help out with housework. So, many parents want to know if they should give their children chores. Well, there’s no need to worry.
First, doing chores helps children learn to be independent. Parents can’t stay by their children’s side all the time.
Third, doing chores makes it possible for children to develop good relationships with their family, friends and partners. Doing chores together with family can make children more caring for their family. And they begin to learn their responsibility in a family or a group.
| A．Should children do chores? |
| B．Chores are good for children. |
| C．What chores should children do? |
| D．That helps them build team spirit. |
| E．Children cannot do chores without their parents’ help. |
| F．Second, doing chores helps children build self-confidence. |
| G．Children need to learn the necessary life skills to be independent. |
【推荐2】Grandma was going to turn eighty-two on Friday. I heard Mom ordering a cake from the bakery over the phone. “Don’t put any icing on it,” she said, “Just a plain angel cake.” Angel cake with fresh strawberries was her favorite. So Mum was ready.
That afternoon when Dad came home, he showed me the phone he had bought for Grandma. “It has speed-dialing,” he said. “She won’t have to push so many buttons when she calls the doctor’s office or her sister.” Dad looked pleased. “Her fingers are so stiff with arthritis (关节炎) that the phone seems a good idea.”
But what about me? Here I was with only one dollar in my pocket and one night to think of a gift. Even though Mom always insisted that “it’s the thought that counts,” I had a big problem. My mind was even more empty of ideas than my wallet was empty of money.
When I have a problem, it sometimes helps to shoot a few baskets in the driveway. Dribble, shoot, rebound.
For a while I just played without even trying to think. I began to remember back before Granddad died, when we used to visit them in Kentucky, Granddad showed me how to do a jump shot. Thinking about Granddad made me sigh. Grandma’s life was a lot happier when he was alive.
Swish! I’d made two in a row.
Suddenly, I remembered a green glass dish in the shape of a leaf that Grandma used to keep on a table back in Kentucky. It was always full of those red-and-white-striped peppermint candies. I hadn’t thought of that dish for a long time. Maybe it was lost or broken when Dad rented the truck and brought Grandma and the belongings to Ohio.
Just thinking about that candy dish made me taste the peppermint slowly dissolving on my tongue. I could almost hear Grandma saying，“Help yourself to a piece of peppermint, Burt.” That voice had a smile behind it. It was a voice I hadn’t heard for a long time.
Aha! I took one last shot, then dribbled to the back door, ran up the steps two at a time, and grabbed my wallet.
1. What do you know about the author’s grandma?| A．She has difficulty moving fingers. | B．She loves high-tech products. |
| C．She doesn’t like a plain cake. | D．She has a sweet tooth. |
| A．Melting. | B．Chewing. | C．Swallowing. | D．Fading. |
| A．Something decorative for candies. | B．Something bringing good memories. |
| C．Something convenient to use. | D．Something to Grandma’s taste. |
| A．The Good Old Days | B．The Gift of Gratitude |
| C．The Thought That Counts | D．The Inspiration from Basketball |
【推荐3】In a world full of parenting advice, i’s easy to get trapped in the latest discipline strategy or the trending hot topics.
A family motto is not just pretty words on a page. It is a meaningful, value-packed statement or series of statements that set your family apart from everyone else.
Most parents have a vague (模糊的) idea of what they'd like to teach their children, and when they try to teach or discipline their kids, the messages come out ...vague! You know certain things are important, but in the moment, you forget or lose sight of the big picture.
| A．A family motto is a new trend. |
| B．It is also not some house rules or expectations. |
| C．Use this motto to stay focused on what you want to stress. |
| D．Writing a family motto helps clarify your values and goals. |
| E．Of course, a family motto won't solve all your parenting dilemmas. |
| F．Brainstorm ideas, values, goals or characteristics that are important to you. |
| G．These competing messages may cause you to forget your own parenting goals. |
【推荐1】Efforts to preserve the Amazon rain forest are growing ever more urgent as the ecosystem’s destruction accelerates. A recent study shows that a new program combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes on Amazon deforestation (毁林) —and potentially that of forests elsewhere.
The scientists cooperated with 76 local communities, 36 of which participated in using satellite-based “early deforestation alerts” —an early-alert system on a smartphone app, to watch over the forest and to inspect forests and document damage. Over the next two years the participants were paid to work as forest monitors and received monthly alerts via the app when satellite data indicated local forest losses. Monitors investigated alerts and inspected for deforestation in the areas. They reported confirmed losses back to their communities which decided whether to deal with the affairs on their own or inform state authorities.
The researchers analyzed the same forest-loss satellite data from the given time period in all 76 communities. They found the program reduced forest loss by 8.4 hectares (公顷) in the first year—a 52 percent reduction compared with the average loss in the control communities, says Tara Slough, an economist at New York University. “This reduction in deforestation was concentrated in communities facing the largest threat of forest loss,” she adds.
Results for the program were less striking in its second year when forest loss was reduced by only 3.3 hectares compared with that in control communities. The researchers explain that a Peruvian government campaign against coca planting that year may have discouraged deforestation in both experimental and control communities narrowing differences between the two groups in the program.
Experts say this approach to dealing with Amazonian deforestation looks promising. Local groups may continue the work they started in the program. “We want to apply this in other communities. In doing so we are making a contribution to the world,” wrote Francisco, a community member involved in the research.
1. Why did the research team conduct the program?| A．To stop carbon being locked away. | B．To tackle Amazon deforestation. |
| C．To monitor satellite movement. | D．To control illegal activities. |
| A．By analyzing the data. | B．By surveying the monitors. |
| C．By observing the area. | D．By investigating the damage. |
| A．It applies to all the forests. | B．It adopts multiple technologies. |
| C．It involves no human participation. | D．It solves the problem beforehand. |
| A．Amazon Protecting the Rainforest | B．Experts Testing Early-alert System |
| C．Communities Dealing With Deforestation | D．Smartphone Watching Over the Forest |
【推荐2】Countries are failing to take the action needed to stave off the worst effects of climate change, a UN climate report has found, and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency.
New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidizing (补贴) fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the report said.
Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the report, but they could be brought under control. There are promising signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice.
Global emissions have reached what the UN has called "historic levels" of 53.5 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of carbon dioxide equivalent, and are showing no signs of peaking, despite a leveling off in the past decade.
Joyce Msuya, deputy executive director of UN Environment, said: "The science is clear: for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to extinguish it are within reach. "
Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) warned of the dire effects of allowing global warming to reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. The world has a little over a decade to bring down greenhouse gas emissions before such dangerous levels of warming become inevitable.
Only 57 countries, representing 60%of global greenhouse gas emissions, are on track to cause their emissions to peak before 2030.If emissions are allowed to rise beyond that, the IPCC has said countries are likely to breach the 1.5℃ limit, which will trigger sea-level rises, droughts, floods and other extreme weather events.
According to the Paris agreement, the first global pact to bind both developed and developing countries to a specific temperature goal, governments must do all they can to stop warming reaching 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, with an aspiration to limit warming to no more than 1.5℃.
Jian Liu, the chief scientist at UN Environment, said some of the necessary policies were clear and available, if there was political will to implement them. "When governments embrace fiscal(财政的) policy measures to subsidize low-carbon alternatives and tax fossil fuels, they can stimulate the right investments in the energy sector and significantly reduce carbon emissions. If all fossil fuel subsidies were phased out, global carbon emissions could be reduced by up to 10% by 2030."
1. Which of the following ideas is NOT included in the UN climate report?| A．Governments should stop their subsidy to the coal and petroleum industry. |
| B．The efforts made by the government showed some promising signs. |
| C．Man has been breaking the historical records of global emissions. |
| D．There is still hope for us to control Greenhouse gas emission. |
| A．The situation is dangerous and we need to do something to bring it under control. |
| B．Immediate fire-fighting measures should be taken to keep the fire under control. |
| C．We are making climate efforts but the achieved effects can be easily reversed. |
| D．To reduce emissions, we need to close down the fossil-fuel-powered plants. |
| A．It is desirable for humanity to limit the temperature rise within 1.5℃. |
| B．Countries need to control the temperature rise within 2℃ above prehistoric level. |
| C．Developed and developing countries are bound by their own temperature goals. |
| D．Disastrous climate change will be irrecoverable if we exceed the 1.5℃ limit. |
| A．upcoming | B．hazardous |
| C．crucial | D．convincing |
| A．To show a huge gap between words and deeds in fighting global warning. |
| B．To present a clear picture of how Paris agreement is implemented. |
| C．To appeal for further global commitment to avoid disastrous climate. |
| D．To warn of worsening climate caused by lack of combined human effort. |
【推荐3】Young dolphins, within the first few months of life, display their creativity by creating a unique sound. These bleats, chirps and squeaks amount to a novel possession in the animal kingdom — a label that conveys an identity, comparable to a human name.
These labels are called signature whistles(标志哨声), and they play an essential role in creating and keeping relationships among dolphins. While the development of a signature whistle is influenced by learning from other dolphins, each whistle still varies in volume, frequency, pitch(音高) and length.
The scientists found dolphins who live in regions with more seagrass have signature whistles that are higher in pitch and shorter in length when compared to those who live in areas where the seafloor is muddier. Meanwhile, dolphins in smaller groups have whistles that change pitch more often than dolphins in larger groups.
In 2013, researchers discovered that dolphins imitate another’s signature whistle to re-establish contact, at times adding parts of their signature whistle to the call. Moreover, in 2018 a study on male bottlenose dolphins(宽吻海豚) found that they keep their “names” into adulthood just like females—it was previously thought males abandoned their signature whistle to adopt the same whistle as their alliance(同盟) groups.
Dolphins can remember other dolphins after 20 or more years without contact by remembering their whistles, said Jason Bruck, an assistant professor at Stephen F. Austin State University.
Scientists analyzed 188 hours of recorded acoustic data collected by different research groups from 2006 to 2020. These sounds were recorded at six sites across the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into west and east basins. There is genetic variation(差异) between eastern and western dolphin populations. Accordingly, the eastern and western basins were used as proxies(替代指标) for genetic variation.
The team extracted 168 individual whistles from the recordings and analyzed their acoustic features in relation to a few factors: precise location where the whistle was recorded, whether or not this was in the eastern or western basin, the local ocean environment and population demographics.
Ultimately, the scientists found that location only partially affected whistle variability.
Meanwhile, the environmental conditions and demographic characteristics did appear to strongly influence signature whistles—findings that align with the “acoustic adaptation hypothesis(声学适应假说),” the idea that animals acoustically adapt their vocalizations to their local conditions to optimize the purpose of their sounds. The study claims these are the foundational influences on signature whistle variability.
1. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?| A．What determines the dolphin group size. |
| B．What influences the differences among signature whistles. |
| C．How dolphins produce the signature whistles at high rates. |
| D．How signature whistles convey information about identity. |
| A．Dolphins influence one another. |
| B．Dolphins struggle to rejoin social groups. |
| C．Male dolphins repeat whistles to attract female ones. |
| D．Signature whistles are unique to bottlenose dolphins. |
| A．They innovate their specific sounds to hunt. |
| B．They behave in the same way as humans. |
| C．They are stimulated to learn from other dolphins. |
| D．They are capable of long-term social recognition. |
| A．To explore if signature whistles can be identified. |
| B．To investigate the living environment of dolphins. |
| C．To study what factors influenced signature whistles. |
| D．To identify the relationship between regions and genes. |
【推荐1】With so many investments required of us to succeed - time, resources, talents, responsibilities, even finances for our retirement - it’s easy to lose sight of the most difficult investment of all to commit to : ourselves.
Getting to the point where you’re ready to start upgrading to you 2.0 isn’t easy. But it doesn’t mean dropping the ball everywhere else. It’s not about omissions, but admissions. Come clean with yourself to kick-start your personal growth.
Unstuck starts with “u”
No one purposely chooses to stop learning and growing again, it just kind of happens in a lot of daily responsibilities and life. And if it were easy to just kick it into gear（ 档 位 ）again, you would have already done it. But the truth is inescapable. If you want to get off that place to higher ground, it’s up to you and only you. No one will just hand you a steady stream of opportunities for growth.
You’ve been working in your life, not on it
Activity is often confused with acceleration（忙碌）. I was guilty of this for years in working place - staying always busy but not admitting I was bored. I was lost in activity and not steeping back to take time to question what I wanted my life to be. Once I began working on my life - quitting corporate, becoming an entrepreneur, restructuring to my life - I started growing once again. And I’ve never been happier.
Things aren’t happening to you, they’re happening for you
A victim mentality（心态）is the enemy of personal growth. Lamenting over everything that has gone wrong in your life only wastes energy from working to make more things go right. If you want to kick-start growth, you must view setbacks as having a purpose, and then put them in their place. The past shouldn’t run or define you - only fuel you.
The perfect time to start doesn’t exist
I had so many things that had to be just right before I could make my long-planned leap from corporate. I’d tell myself, “I’d love to go for it right now, but practically speaking.” Well, guess what? Practicality is poison. It’s the convenient excuse stopping you from what you’re meant to become.
It’s time to unplug others’ opinions
Grow where you want to grow. Learn what you want to learn. Wherever you are on the scale of hat you want to learn next - be it beginner or near - expert own it, be proud of it. Pretenses are for pretenders. You’re just trying to become a better version of your genuine self.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．If you want to succeed, you have to invest yourself first. |
| B．Upgrading yourself is hard, but you still need to continue. |
| C．Giving up upgrading yourself is just like dropping the ball. |
| D．It’s a kind of responsibility to go on learning though it’s hard. |
| A．to express sadness and feeling sorry about something |
| B．to repeat what happens to you in the past of your life |
| C．to show some regretful feeling or thought for our past |
| D．to recognize something that has gone wrong in the past |
| A．the busier you are, the happier and better you will be |
| B．what happened shouldn’t prevent you, but protect you |
| C．whoever you are, just grow where you want to grow |
| D．how well you grow is actually decided by yourself |
| A．3 | B．7 | C．5 | D．6 |
【推荐2】The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans,Junk Raft(筏子），based on facts,is an exciting,thought-provoking book.Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's navigational feat(航海壮举）is holding readers' attention and interest--88 days crossing some 4,000 kilometers of open ocean,on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing nets.But it is more. Two equally fascinating storylines are made up through the written records of a series of events: Eriksen's evolution from soldier to research director of the environmental non-profit 5 Gyres Institute, and the journey we all need to take towards a more sustainable use of plastics.
Around 15%of all the litter in our oceans in plastic,and a calculated 5 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the seas annually.Unavoidably,it is now present at the sea surface and on shorelines,in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500 metres.Around 700 sea species are known to come into contact with pieces of waste plastic material-and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and caught in it.There are also concerns about plastics accumulating in commercially important species of fish and shellfish.The waters and shores of Hawaii are particularly heavily pottuted, giving a rationale(理由）for Eriksen's destination.
This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific,media and societal attention in recent years. yet few accounts have conveyed the\wider picture accessibly Junk Raft does just this---while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on a issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and,finally,the health of the world's oceans.
Eriksen lists the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic:the causes,consequences and potential solutions.Our single-use culture is the main offender.For more than 60 years,society and industry have been producing more and more throwaway items particularly packaging.Some solutions lie in better acquisition of materials at the end of their lives,in a circular economy.
Eriksen takes the crisis into consideration together with a timeline of scientific discovery and advancement since the 1970s.Alongside this he gives a very personal,somewhat North American,view the troubles of industry and policy involvement the side plots and blind alleys,and the tactics(战术） of avoidance and disturbance he has so often experienced.There are parallels,he shows,with the troubles that faced those who fought to raise awareness around the health impacts of smoking.
Throughout,we are regularly brought back to the realities of life aboard the raft,with Eriksen's fellow sailor Joel Paschal.This is both fascinating and eventful,from their slow,occasionally very dangerous progress to the moments when it seems the raft will break up into pieces,littering the ocean with the waste material Eriksen is trying so hard to fight against.Eriksen's wider journey also takes him onto dry land,where he touches on the accumulation of land plastic.He learns about the consumption of plastic bags by camels-a serious issue in some desert countries.
It can be difficult to judge the direct impacts of projects such as Eriksen's,but he rightly notes the Importance of raising awareness of the risks of disposable plastic.Eriksen has also done much to emphasize the environmental consequences of polymer microbeads(聚合物微粒）in the US Great Lakes, providing key evidence that led to the introduction of a law.
Junk Raft is filled with adventure,romance,a sense of optimism and important truths that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the future of human life.
1. What makes the book Junk Raft attractive to readers?| A．The appeal for global environmental protection. |
| B．Efforts made to put an end to the use of plastics. |
| C．Erisken's adventures on the plastic ocean on a raft. |
| D．Eriksen's soldierly service and environmental study. |
| A．More rubbish being poured into the oceans. |
| B．Plastics accumulating in rare species of fish. |
| C．Many species in the oceans suffering fro shock. |
| D．The waters of the oceans being polluted by plastics. |
| A．Making accounts accessible. |
| B．Listing the environmental issues. |
| C．Taking the pollution into account. |
| D．Facing the environmental challenge. |
| A．The overuse of household items. |
| B．The wasteful throwaway culture. |
| C．The production of more materials. |
| D．The failure to find potential solutions. |
| A．the current policy is yet to be further perfected |
| B．people turn a blind eye to the plastics industry |
| C．people lack correct awareness of the problem |
| D．the market need for plastics is enlarging on land |
| A．Cautious. | B．Ambiguous. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Appreciative. |
【推荐3】Light and bright, cheap and cheerful: IKEA's 400-plus outlets （专营店）in 49 countries all run on the same central principle. Customers do as much of the work as possible, in the belief they are having fun and saving money. You drive to a distant warehouse built on cheap out-of-town land. Inside, you enter a maze （迷宫）---no shortcuts allowed—where every twist reveals new furniture.
Compared with the prices of other outlets, IKEA's are much lower. You load up your trolley （手 推车）with impulse buys—a clock, storage boxes, tools and more chairs than you will ever use. You drag cardboard boxes, cupboards and tables into your car and reward yourself for your economy and good taste. Then you drive home and put your prizes together. You are satisfied with the bargains. IKEA is satisfied with your money.
The company's name was a do-it-yourself job, too. IKEA stands for Ingvar Kamprad, from Elmtaryd―his family's farm—in Agunnaryd. That village is in the Smaland region of southern Sweden. Mr Kamprad founded IKEA aged 17. Well before that, he spotted a principle which would make him one of the richest men in the world that customers like buying goods at wholesale prices （批发价）.First he bought matches in large quantities and sold them by the box. Aged ten, he sold pens in the similar way.
Setbacks inspired him. Facing a price war against his low-cost mail-order furniture business, he defeated competitors by opening a showroom. Dealers tried to crush Mr Kamprad and banned him from their trade fairs. He slipped in, hiding in a friend's car. When they tried to threaten his suppliers, he relied on his own workers, and secretly sold his production to communist Poland. Decades later, east Europeans freed from the planned economy drove hundreds of miles to newly opened outlets in Moscow and Warsaw.
His self-discipline was world-famous. As a child, he removed the "off' button from his alarm clock to stop himself oversleeping. He rarely took a first-class seat. The wine didn't get you there any earlier, he sniffed; having lots of money was no reason to waste it. He bought his clothes in second-hand markets, and for years drove an elderly Volvo until he had to sell it on safety grounds. He had his hair cut in poor countries to save money. Visitors admired the views, but were surprised that his house was so shabby. He worked well into his eighties.
His diligence and simple way of life set a good example to his 194,000 "co-workers". But he was not mean. The point of cutting costs was to make goods affordable, not to compromise quality. He urged his staff to reflect constantly on ways of saving money, time and space. An improved design that allows easier piling means shipping less air—and more profit.
Culture was more important than strategy. He disliked ''exaggerated （夸张的）planning", along with financial markets and banks. Better to make mistakes and learn from them. And use time wisely: "You can do so much in ten minutes. But ten minutes once gone are gone for good." This did not apply to customers. The longer they stayed, the better.
Mr Kamprad's impact on modern life can be compared with that of Henry Ford and the mass-produced motor car. Furniture used to be expensive, dark and heavy. For many people, decorating a home could cost many months' salary. IKEA made furniture not just affordable and functional, but fun. The mission was civilizational, he felt, changing how people lived and thought.
His approach drew some fire. The company values struck some as unpleasant. At IKEA's Corporate Culture Centre, lots of pictures of Mr Kamprad with his mottos can be seen everywhere. What's worse, some parts of the supply chain seemed to have serious problems to overcome.
1. What can we learn about IKEA in Paragraph 1?| A．IKEA prefers rural areas for its location. |
| B．IKEA has 400 outlets throughout the world. |
| C．IKEA likes to store new furniture in a maze. |
| D．IKEA provides a lot of work for its customers. |
| A．IKEA tricks you into spending more money |
| B．you may buy bargains with impulse in IKEA |
| C．both you and IKEA are pleased with the deal |
| D．both you and IKEA are happy with the bargain |
| A．He never overslept due to his alarm clock being set. |
| B．He was against drinking but for sniffing at the wine. |
| C．He sold the old Volvo with the purpose of saving money. |
| D．He didn't give up the quality of furniture for more profit. |
| A．The pictures and mottos of Mr. Kamprad. |
| B．The setbacks Mr. Kamprad experienced. |
| C．Mr. Kamprad's principles of management. |
| D．Mr. Kamprad's self-discipline and diligence. |
