【推荐1】Increasingly, over the past few decades, people, especially young people, have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, are widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic-matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use ofchemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount — but not the quality — of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and movefreely in healthy pastures (牧场). Compare this with what happens in the massproduction of poultry (家禽): there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.

There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each personconsumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.

It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthyeating.”

1. People have become more interested in natural foods because__________.

A．they are more health conscious

B．they want to taste all kinds of foods

C．natural foods are more delicious than processed foods

D．they want to return to nature

2. Soil that is rich in organic matter__________.

A．has had chemicals and fertilizer added to it

B．contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed

C．has been nourished by fertilizer

D．contains no vitamins or minerals

3. According to the passage,__________.

A．people need sugar to give them energy

B．sugar is beneficial to health

C．the habit of eating sugar has grown over the past two hundred years

D．sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful

4. The best title for this passage is “__________”.

A．Peopled Growing Interest in Natural Foods

B．Natural Foods and Health Diet

C．Harmful Effects of Sugar

D．The Importance of Fiber in Foods

【推荐3】We all love eating out. But, is it bothering you because you are on a diet and have to dine with a friend? Sure, you will be concerned about the amount of calories, fat or salt in a restaurant's menu items.     1    

Choose the right place.

Always plan ahead when you know that you have to dine out. Look for the restaurants that serve delicious meals that are low in fat.     2     You’re more likely to overeat there. Once you’ve decided the place, get familiar with their food menu. Decide what you re going to order before you go.

Start with a soup.

One easy approach to stick to your diet when eating out is starting with a soup. Order vegetable or bean-based but avoid cream-based soups. This will keep you from sitting hungry and fill you up.     3    

    4    

Salt improves food’s flavour and is often used heavily in restaurant meals. When you dine out, ask the attendant to prepare food without added salt. Ask about the ingredients to see if there are items that may be higher in salt. Moreover, it is better to limit the use of condiments (调料) such as mustard, ketchup, pickle and sauces as they may contain salt that you don' t need. Instead of salty appetisers (开胃小吃), choose fruit and vegetable salad.

Don’t eat it all.

    5     To avoid overeating, you can split a meal with a companion or put half the meal in a plate and leave the rest.

Sticking to a healthy diet doesn't mean you have to turn down everyone’s offer when asked to eat out.

A．You have to be very particular about serving sizes when dining out.

B．Just make sure you make healthier choices.

C．Avoid eating at places that offer all-you-can-eat buffets (自助餐).

D．Here are four tips for eating out while you are on a diet.

E．Cut the salt intake.

F．Avoid salt.

G．Soup is the first course that you order when eating out.

【推荐3】The United States is offering to pay private companies to mine rocks and other resources on the moon. The U.S. space agency NASA published an official government listing for the mining proposal on September 10. NASA officials are asking interested companies to collect rocks, soil and other objects from the surface of the moon. The lunar materials would then be sold to the space agency.

NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine says the project was created “for the purpose of demonstrating that mined resources can be collected”. The proposals would not involve private companies sending workers to the moon. Instead, NASA wants the businesses to provide robots to be launched into space by the space agency or private companies.

NASA has asked companies from around the world to present proposals to collect 50 to 500 grams of lunar materials from anywhere on the moon’s surface. The companies will be required to provide images showing how the material is collected. In a statement published on a NASA website, Bridenstine said the agency’s goal was to gain control of the collected materials before 2024. He added that officials would decide later how and when the materials could be transported from the moon.

Bridenstine repeated NASA’s goal of landing the first woman and next man on the moon by 2024 as part of the space agency’s Artemis program. NASA also has set a goal of setting up a long-term base on the moon by 2028. From there, it hopes to launch a series of space operations, including possible flights to Mars.

Last May, NASA released the main ideas for what is being called the Artemis Accords. It hopes the ideas can lead to an international agreement on how people will live and work on the moon in the future. Such an agreement could give companies rights to own the moon resources they mine. For example, businesses doing work for NASA could use the moon’s water ice to produce rocket fuel, or mine lunar minerals for other purposes. “NASA’s plan to send robots to mine resources is meant to fuel a new era of exploration and discovery,” Bridenstine said.

1. Why are NASA officials asking interested companies to collect lunar materials?

A．To buy rocks and other resources on the moon.

B．To see how the resources on the moon are mined.

C．To encourage more companies to explore the moon.

D．To show mined resources on the moon can be collected.

2. What can we know about the requirements for collecting lunar materials?

A．The materials should be collected by workers rather than robots.

B．The companies should collect at least 500 grams of the materials.

C．The companies should provide evidence to show the process of collecting.

D．The materials should be collected from specific areas on the moon’s surface.

3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．NASA’s moon base.	B．NASA’s moon project.
C．NASA’s Artemis program.	D．NASA’s flights to Mars.

4. How can private companies benefit from the Artemis Accords?

A．They will get huge profits from the agreement.

B．It allows them to become international companies.

C．It enables them to have access to their mined resources.

D．They will have the privilege of living and working on the moon.

【推荐1】One trend in app development is positivity programs designed specifically to help retrain our brain to think positively. Here are our top recommendations for apps to improve your positive mood.

Think Up

Having a 4. 7 star rating this app is a heavy hitter in the world of positivity apps.

People are finding that they can learn to be positive and save their lives from the convenience of their handheld devices（设备）. We no longer have to go to the library and check out books. Just download this free app and start thinking positively and watch how your life changes.

Shine

This app is recognized as the"best of 2018"and it helps you with daily motivation and personal care. This app’s goal is to help reduce your stress, so don’t worry about adding one more thing to your to-do list. They send motivational texts including a gratitude journal. This is an incredible way technology joins great minds so we can all improve together!

Happler

Holding a strong 3. 9 star evaluation grade, this is one we love. It can help you keep a journal, has incredible courses and lets you exchange ideas with a whole community of people working to become more positive. We love the creativity that went into making this app and think it has a lot to offer.

Motivate

This app gains a 4. 8 star rating after over 2,622 ratings, which has handpicked motivation videos and music playlists for any mood you’d like to get into. If you need to relax or get energized or inspired to grow in specific areas of your life, this unique app will help you choose your category and get you thinking positively about it through the use of images and music.

1. Which can help you with personal care?

A．Think Up.	B．Shine.
C．Happier.	D．Motivate.

2. What do the four apps have in common?

A．They offer interactive teaching.

B．They enable users to be more positive.

C．They are all star-rated.

D．They help people reach their goals.

3. What’s special about the app Motivate?

A．It gains the highest rating.

B．It helps people keep a journal.

C．It provides videos and music.

D．It sends motivational texts.

【推荐2】If you go to any college in the United States, you will find most students carrying the same items：books, laptops, cell phones and their official school identification cards, or IDs. These small plastic cards do more than showing the names and pictures of students.

In recent years, IDs in some colleges can also buy things. The schools enter into agreements with banks so students can link their cards to private financial accounts. This way, students can use their cards to pay for things like food on campus and school supplies. In other words, their IDs become debit cards(借记卡）. However, new research suggests that the way these card programs operate can harm students.

The U.S. Public Interest Research Group(U.S. PIRG) aims to use research to support and protect people's financial interests. The organization has been looking into agreements between colleges and banks for several years.This April, Kaitlyn Vitez, higher education campaign director for U.S. PIRG, released their latest findings."Students with campus debit cards paid over $ 24 million in fees during the last contract year. For example, students may be charged fees if they use another bank to withdraw money. Or, they may be charged fees if they spend more money than they have in their bank accounts , " she said . " Any large fee can create unexpected problems for students , however , banks do not make possible fees clear enough to students."

U.S.PIRG noted that some banks pay colleges for permission to advertise their debit card programs on campus. The advertising can appear to be part of official school programmes and students may feel pushed towards opening accounts.U.S.PIRG also found a connection between colleges with paid agreements and student fees. Students at colleges that received money from banks ended up paying up to 2.3 times more than students at colleges with unpaid agreements. U.S. PIRG contacted several of the colleges in their latest research, yet they seem not to give satisfying comments.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about ?

A．Potential harm of IDs.	B．Additional use of IDs.
C．Students consuming habits.	D．Students' financial condition.

2. What does the PIRG study find?

A．All banks pay for their bank card ads on campus.

B．Campus debit cards present high fees for students.

C．Many students like to use debit cards at college.

D．Colleges have signed illegal agreements with banks.

3. What do Kaitlyn Vitez's words imply?

A．Colleges benefit a lot from working with banks.

B．Most students fall into heavy debts at college.

C．Banks give away students' financial privacy somehow.

D．Students lack enough information on their campus debit cards.

4. What will the author probably talk about in the following paragraph ?

A．Solutions to the phenomenon.	B．Future of school IDs.
C．Details of debit card programs.	D．Response of some schools.

【推荐3】Across the world language and history are closely connected. Languages are borrowed and changed. and as society changes, new words or phrases are created to show the current cultural understanding. Some phrases and words simply develop accepted usage, their origin forgotten.

One such phrase grandfathered in has become common, meaning someone is free from following new rules or regulations. While it often makes us think of the image of a gray-haired, older gentleman who gets out of trouble. the intention behind the term arose from something bad. Today. the term is widely used, most notably in real estate and health insurance.

But when the term was first coined in the 1890s, it referred to only one thing: voting rights. After the 15th Amendment (修正案) was carried by the US Constitution in 1870 banning taking way people's right to vote on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude(奴役)，some southern states did not readily accept the ruling. Instead, they carefully made amendments at the state level that avoided the federal law to try to keep African Americans from accessing polling stations. Since the basis of race could no longer be used, the state amendments introduced poll taxes as well as literacy tests. These limits were powerful; close to 30 percent of all voting-age males couldn’t read or write, most of whom were poor black men. But those taxes and tests would also affect poor unlearned white voters. Thus, a grandfather clause was added to allow an unlearned man to vote as long as he or his lineal ancestor (i.e., grandfather) had been a registered voter before 1867---three years before the passage of the 15th Amendment.

The clauses no doubt influenced the vote along racial lines, but party lines were at play too. At the time, most African Americans were Republicans (the party of Abraham Lincoln) and most whites were Democrats. The influence served to keep power in the hands of the Democrats.

The phrase “grandfathered in" is of course still widely used today without the meaning of taking away one's voting rights. But even as culture develops, whether we're aware of it or not, language has the power to hold our history.

1. In which condition is someone considered to be “grandfathered in"?

A．When he looks like an old man.

B．When he disagrees with new rules.

C．When he is not limited by new rules.

D．When he succeeds in making big money.

2. What was some southern states' purpose in making state amendments?

A．To stop black people from voting.

B．To make black people work for them.

C．To save face before the northern states.

D．To reduce the number of polling stations.

3. Why was the grandfather clause added to the state amendments?

A．To cut poll taxes for poor white men.

B．To make sure uneducated whites could vote.

C．To allow more white men to be educated.

D．To fee old white men tom taking literacy tests.

4. What does paragraph 5 focus on?

A．The fights caused by the clauses.

B．The composition of the two parties.

C．The effects the clauses brought about.

D．The protest African America staged.

【推荐2】What better way to experience the history of a site than to have a hand in actually preserving it? This was the thought behind the founding of Adventures in Preservation(AIP) in 2001. The nonprofit's founders.Judith Broeker and Jamie Donahoe, were both long time preservationists and world travelers. They had seen a great many buildings in poor condition, as well as buildings that had been“restored" without the benefit of conservation expertise.

Twelve years on, they are still involved in the day-to-day management of the organization, supported by a volunteer staff located around the world, Judith' s favorite projects have long been the ones in Eastern Europe, and she enjoys opportunity to travel there each year. She, along with anyone else who's joined an adventure, always quotes their fellow jammers, as they' re called, as the highlight of each project. The groups are made up of people from all different ages, occupations, and cultures.Yet each time, they form a strong bond and work so well together that the work becomes fun. Which,after all, is the point of a working vacation, no?

Raising understanding of people's own heritage(遗迹) is another part of AIP projects. In many places, there is so much focus on the news that not only are heritage buildings being lost but so are the traditional building skills needed to keep them. By providing training and raising awareness of the importance of their heritage, AIP is helping keep both alive.

Next year, AIP has projects in Europe and the US. There will be even more projects the following year as projects currently under development in Ghana, Armenia, Ukraine and the US come on line. Each project is also an opportunity for travel, adventure, and personal growth, and AIP welcomes people from around the world to join a project and“"jam" with them.

1. For what major purpose was AIP set up?

A．To gain wonderful benefits.	B．To protect old buildings.
C．To hunt for experts.	D．To train fresh hands.

2. What does the underlined word“jammers" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Machines.

B．Projects.

C．Colleagues.

D．Organizations.

3. Which is the most suitable word to summarize the third paragraph?

A．Ambition.

B．Education.

C．Wealth.

D．Effort.

4. What can be concluded from the list of countries in the last paragraph?

A．AIP' s boom(繁荣).	B．AIP' s eagerness.
C．AIP' goal.	D．AIP' function.

【推荐3】While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus.

It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?

Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.

"We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are way ahead of us," Hacker says. "I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. Not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."

Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College: Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.

Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.

Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.

"Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says. "Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences."

Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of "fake math"—an emphasis on rote memorization of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.

Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.

"I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hacker says. "All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus."

1. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?

A．America is not doing as well as China.	B．Math professors are not doing a good job.
C．It doesn't help students develop their literacy.	D．There has hardly been any innovation for years.

2. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?

A．Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.

B．Enable students to make practical use of basic math.

C．Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.

D．Help students to develop their analytical abilities.

3. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?

A．Make complex concepts easy to understand.	B．Start teaching children math at an early age.
C．Help children work wonders with calculus.	D．Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.

4. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?

A．To enable learners to understand the world better.	B．To help learners to tell fake math from real math.
C．To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.	D．To exert influence on world development.