【推荐3】Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries.     1     Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical tourism.

Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.

What inspires your adventures?

    2     I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States.

Did you ever experience any obstacles (阻碍)?

I don’t believe in failure.     3     Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes — it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.

    4    

My mother has always said “humble (使谦逊) yourself”. I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego (自我), or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.

What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably (可持续地)?

Single-use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that.     5     If you’re in a restaurant and you don’t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate (慎重的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’m in and on the planet in general.

A．But it’s not just about the country count.

B．I believe failure is the mother of success.

C．Curiosity — that’s what’s always inspired me.

D．What did you depend on during your travel?

E．What’s the best piece of advice you’ve received?

F．And I rarely feel embarrassed even in awkward situations.

G．But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.

【推荐1】Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effected on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed taht researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的) spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired(退休) in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

A．Top managers.	B．Language learners.
C．Serious educators.	D．Science organizations.

2. The words “hooked on teaching” mean______.

A．Attracted to teaching.

B．Tired of teaching.

C．Satisfied with teaching.

D．Unhappy about teaching.

3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A．The University of Chicago.

B．Stanford University.

C．Ohio Stater University.

D．Nebraska University.

4. Why did he travel across the country in his 80s?

A．To advise teachers and management people.

B．To set objectives.

C．To develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

D．To served on a long list of educational organizations.

【推荐2】Girls should take part in competitive sport to build confidence, and the leaders of a group of girls’ schools will argue this week. Helen Fraser, director of the Girls’ Day School Trust(GDST), will tell the group that sport can help girls deal with failure.

“All girls, not just the sporty ones, should take physical exercise,” Ms. Fraser says. Research that girls are far less active than boys is worrying, she argues. Ms. Fraser will tell the group that she supports “sport for all”. “That’s why I love it when our schools have A, B, C and D teams and beyond,” she says.

The GDST draws on research from the Women’s Sport and Fitness Foundation which suggests only a quarter of girls in England meet basic levels of activity each week. One in five girls do no activity at all, twice the proportion of boys, the research suggests.

Ms. Fraser says other research suggests that more than 80% of women business leaders played sports while growing up. She uses the examples of former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who once was a skater and tennis player, and the head of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, who was in the French national swimming team. Ms. Fraser says Olympic medallists like Jessica Ennis and Katherine Grainger are excellent role models for young women but says women’s sport needs more money and more news reports.

Valerie Dunsford, head of Sheffield High School for Girls, part of GDST, said it was important to offer a large number of sports to attract different types of girls. “Not everyone wants to be out playing the hockey.” said Ms. Dunsford.

1. Which of the following ideas would Ms. Fraser agree with?

A．Boys are born to be sport lovers.	B．Girls are less confident than boys.
C．More should be done to make girls do sports.	D．Those taking part in the sport are always successes.

2. What’s the proportion of boys who never take exercise?

A．1/10.

B．1/5.

C．1/4.

D．2/5.

3. Ms. Fraser mentions those famous women to show__________.

A．hard work will pay off	B．it’s not easy to be great
C．sport can help girls to succeed	D．it’s necessary to balance work and sport

4. What’s the purpose of the text?

A．To explain the key to success.	B．To show the importance of sport.
C．To introduce more sports to girls.	D．To encourage more girls to do sports.

【推荐3】When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe “more is better.” But what they do not realize is that overtreatment—too many scans, too many blood tests, too many procedures—may bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing, some of which may be invasive, or to treatment for things that should be left alone.

Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener’s disease, an uncommon disorder of the immune system, they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a cold. She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care.

After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. “It’s a really hard thing to determine when doctors have crossed the line.” Mr. Power said. “You think she’s getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?” Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new specialist to oversee Mrs. Power’s care. Under the new doctor’s care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power’s condition stabilized. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Treatments do not always cause harmful side effects.

B．Patients tend to believe more testing is better treatment.

C．Too much medical care may not be beneficial to patients.

D．Doctors generally recommend office visits that are necessary.

2. Which of the following was a problem for Mrs. Power during her medical treatment?

A．She had to be hospitalized for three weeks whenever she had a cold.

B．When test results showed she was fine, her doctor still ordered more tests.

C．She did not have any insurance, so she became penniless because of her illness.

D．Her doctor asked her to consult other specialists due to her constant complaints.

3. What led to the Powers’ doubt about Mrs. Power’s treatment?

A．Knowing about other patients’ treatment.

B．The results of her blood tests.

C．Mrs. Power’s condition getting worse.

D．The advice from Mr. Powers doctor.

【推荐1】Paying it forward is a concept that involves doing something good for someone in response to a good deed done on your behalf or a gift you received. When you pay it forward, however，you don't repay the person who did something nice for you. Instead, you do something nice for someone else.

Recently, an inspiring note found inside a random book has inspired thousands of people to pay it forward.

Ashley Jost was shopping at Target when a book caught hex eye. The 27-year-old bought the book Girl Stop Apologizing and began reading it when she got home. After a few minutes her dog started barking so she put the book aside. When she got back, she noticed something on the ground. "A five-dollar note fell out, " Jost said.

She looked through the book, and in one of the last pages, there was a note that read, “To the person who buys this book: I am having a tough day. I thought maybe I could brighten someone else’s with this little surprise. Go and buy a coffee, a hamburger or a face mask. Practice some self care today. Remember that you are loved, you are amazing, and you are strong -Lisa”

Jost decided to post a photo of the note and the money on Twitter and it went like a virus. People are promising their own random acts of kindness.

“In that moment，I didn’t necessarily need the pick-me-up，but I feel obligated(有义务的)to share it， and I’m hearing back from people who did,” Jost said. “The ripple effect is pretty unbelievable.

After seeing her Twitter post, Lisa mailed Jost a card. "She said it made her cry in a good way,” Jost said. But Lisa still didn’t give away who she was. She left no return address. Lisa wrote it had been a difficult time in her life and she just wanted "to create something positive-she never really expected this to happen the way it has.”

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．The origin of"paying it forward".	B．The effects of"paying it forward
C．The benefits of"paying it forward"	D．The definition of"paying it forward".

2. Why did Lisa put a five-dollar note in a book?

A．To go through the hardest time in her life.

B．To cheer up the person who buys the book

C．To repay the person who did something nice

D．To set off a round of paying it forward

3. What does the underlined word "ripple" in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Edge	B．Chain
C．Mass	D．Side

4. Lisa posted a card to Jost to ___________.

A．make friends with Jost	B．tell Jost about her story
C．express appreciation to Jost	D．let Jost know what made her cry

【推荐2】The Netflix series Tidying Up with Marie Kondo, which offers tips for reorganizing personal space and getting rid of untidiness, has inspired many to shrink their overstuffed closets. Charity shops have seen an increase in donations of used clothing, a phenomenon that’s been credited to the influence of the show.

But people have a popular method of dealing with unwanted clothing. They simply throw it in the trash. And that’s become a real problem.

According to Fast Company, people of New York City throw 200 million pounds of clothing into the garbage each year. The used clothing goes on to take up space in landfills for an unlimited period of time. The Environmental Protection Agency reported in 2015 that 10.5 million tons of clothing wound up in the trash that year. New York’s fashion leaders and the city’s sanitation (公共卫生) agencies have started an advertising campaign directing people to cover 1,000 drop-off points where unwanted clothes can be deposited for recycling or repurposing. But if you can’t find one of the collection points in your neighborhood, what can you do with your old clothes?

Selling is one option. Local clothes stores may offer only a modest price for your used clothing collections, but they’ll likely fall into other hands rather than a landfill. There are also online marketplaces like ThredUP and Material World that pay cash or offer store credit for designer or chain-store clothing that you mail in. To maximize their value, it’s best to present clothing folded, buttoned, and cleaned.

You can also try sites like Rehash Clothes to promote a clothing exchange with others who are looking to clear up their closet. If you want to throw clothing because it’s damaged, give some thought to repairing it instead. Things like loose or missing buttons can be simple fixes; stains can be covered by dyeing material (染料). All of these options can keep some of your clothing’s value.

Whatever you decide to do, it’s best to keep clothing on someone’s back in one form or another—not in the trash.

1. What do we know from the passage?

A．New Yorkers give away lots of clothing annually.

B．Unwanted clothing has to be donated to charity shops.

C．The advertising campaign aims to promote the sales of used clothes.

D．Tidying Up with Marie Kondo encourages more people to donate used clothes.

2. What does the underlined phrase “wound up” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．backed up	B．gave up
C．ended up	D．took up

3. Which of the following does the author suggest?

A．Throw seriously damaged clothing into the trash.

B．Fix the damaged clothing before it is donated.

C．Sell the used clothes online rather than in local stores.

D．Care about the details of used clothes when selling them online.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To offer practical tips for clothing exchanges.

B．To present the problem with unwanted clothing.

C．To advocate dealing with old clothing effectively.

D．To raise public awareness of environmental protection.

【推荐3】Helping voters out

The US 2020 presidential election has captured people’s hearts around the world. In order to allow voters to vote in person, poll (投票站) workers need to work at different vote centers. In past elections, most poll workers were elderly, but now that they are more at risk of severe symptoms from COVID-19, there was a growing need for young people to serve as poll workers.

I first became aware of the opportunity to become a poll worker from a story on my Instagram feed from an account called “Poll Hero”. It mentioned a large-scale recruitment (招聘) effort for young poll workers, and I immediately became interested in participating. I signed up to be a poll worker from the website, and a few days later, I registered through the High School Student Election Worker Program with the assistance of a Poll Hero volunteer.

After registering, there were two steps I had to take in order to become certified to serve in this election. The first was an online training course. The course takes around three hours but can be completed in multiple sittings. It covers the different roles workers have, different procedures workers must follow and provides information on how to use tools such as the electronic pollbook. The session is interactive, and I often engaged in simulated (模拟的) situations and knowledge checks to ensure that I understood each lesson. After taking the online course, I had to pass an exam with an 80 percent score or higher to complete that part of my certification. On my first attempt, I passed with a score of exactly 80 percent.

After passing the online course, I attended a two-hour in-person training session where I worked with a real electronic pollbook to practice what I would do on Election Day. The instructor took us through many different scenarios where we practiced assisting different types of voters. I was pleased to see many fellow young people attend the session!

In total, I spent 37 hours helping voters vote during this election. With my mask on the entire time, I checked in voters and helped them use the ballot (投票) marking devices where they could cast their vote. I also loved meeting fellow workers who are passionate about being engaged and helping our community. Taking part in this historic election is something I will never forget.

1. Why did the author decide to serve as a poll worker?

A．He considered it his duty to help his community.

B．He was inspired by a Poll Hero volunteer.

C．Young poll workers were in huge demand.

D．It was one of his school’s volunteering programs.

2. What do we know about the online training course?

A．This course must be completed all at once.

B．It uses a lecture-style teaching method.

C．Those who pass the exam get a service certification.

D．To pass the exam, one has to score at least 80 percent.

3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．What difficulties the author ran into.

B．What the author learned from the in-person training session.

C．How the author cooperated with other young poll workers.

D．How the author assisted different types of voters on Election Day.

4. How did the author feel as a poll worker?

A．Proud.	B．Exhausted.
C．Bored.	D．Nervous.

【推荐1】Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1. What might be the best title of the passage?

A．Signals of air pollution

B．Safety limits of air pollution

C．Air pollution, cancer risk

D．Air pollution, smog risk

2. What’s the main task of IARC?

A．To focus on cancer-causing substances.

B．To evaluate the air quality.

C．To study the developing risk of cancer.

D．To send signals to the international community.

3. Why should the international community take action without further delay?

A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.

B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.

C．Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.

D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.

【推荐3】“Outer space is a frontier that inspires us and unites us more than anything else,” declared the US Assistant Secretary for Arms Control, Dr. Yleem Poblete. “And as we continue to push further into our own solar system, new businesses will be built to seize the endless possibilities before us.”

However, there are growing concerns about the possibility of intentional acts of aggression in space, warned Dr. Poblete. The United States has raised concerns for many years that Russia is seeking the development and placement of anti-satellite weapons. As recently as February 2017, a Russian Air Force Squadron Commander stated that Russia is developing new missiles with the intention of destroying satellites. Furthermore, we have read statements from the Russian Ministry of Defense that it is working on creating “a mobile attack anti-satellite system”.

Vladimir Putin (Russian President) has alluded to space weapons being more “acceptable in the political and military respect”. This behavior continues despite Russia stating many times that it places a high priority on the promotion of the draft “Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space” or PPWT.

The problem with such a treaty, said Dr. Poblete, is that it's difficult to determine an object’s true purpose simply by observing it on orbit. At this time, there are no means of distinguishing many objects' behaviors from that of a weapon, making outer space arms control measures like those in the proposed PPWT impractical.

In short, said Poblete, the proposed PPWT does not reduce the potential for conflict from extending into outer space. Plus, Russia may be engaging in the very behavior it claims to seek to prohibit.

“We must take concrete steps to strengthen the stability and sustainability of space,” declared Dr. Poblete, “The draft PPWT is not the right approach to accomplishing that. It is a questionable document, proposed by a country [Russia] that has routinely violated its international commitments.”

1. What does America suspect Russia is doing?

A．Launching satellites for spying.	B．Trading space weapons illegally.
C．Making profits from exploring space.	D．Causing threat to space stability.

2. Which is one common difficulty for controlling space weapons?

A．They are hard to be identified.	B．They are not regulated by common rules.
C．There are too many to be managed.	D．There is disagreement between nations.

3. What does Dr. Poblete think of PPWT?

A．It is not specific enough.	B．It will worsen international relationships.
C．Russia itself fails to observe it.	D．We must work together to promote it.

4. What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A．Where the key to space safety lies.	B．What alarms the US as to space safety.
C．Why space conflicts are difficult to avoid.	D．Who is to blame for the chaos in outer space.