Children with long-term health conditions, such as asthma (哮喘), may be at greater risk of developing a mental health disorder in early adolescence compared to healthy children, according to a new study.
The findings, published in the journal Development and Psychopathology, show that kids with chronic illness exhibit higher rates of mental problems at age 10, and these health issues continue to be associated with poor mental health at ages 13 and 15.
In the study, the research team reviewed a sample of approximately 7,000 children to investigate the occurrence of mental health disorders, including anxiety or depression, and chronic illness. They found that children with chronic health conditions were approximately twice as likely at 10 and at 13 to present with a mental health disorder than healthy children. At age 15, children with chronic health problems were 60% more likely to present with such disorders.
“Although the link between chronic health conditions and mental health problems in childhood has been made before, this study provides the strongest evidence of it to data in the years of late childhood and early adolescence," said study author Dr. Ann Marie Brady. “The difference chronic illness makes to mental health is concerning, and the first impact can be seen even before adolescence, in late childhood."
The researchers also found that bullying and health-related absence from school were two most significant additional factors for children with mental health issues. The second one was identified as the most consistent factor predicting mental health problems over time.
“If children with chronic illness are more likely to miss school, or experience bullying, that can make the situation worse. Keeping an eye on school attendance and looking out for evidence of bullying amongst those children may help to find out who are most at risk.", said Dr. Brady.
1. The underlined term “chronic illness" in Paragraph 2 refers to a kind of disease_________| A．causing a lot of deaths | B．causing absent-mindedness |
| C．lasting for a long time | D．leading to mental disorders |
| A．chronic illness leads to the mental health disorder in early adolescence |
| B．healthy young adolescents have no chance of having mental problems |
| C．adolescents with illness are more likely to develop mental health disorders |
| D．chronic illness has some relation to mental problems in early adolescence |
| A．It makes a new discovery based on the findings of previous studies |
| B．It draws a more accurate conclusion based on the previous studies |
| C．It questions the accuracy of the findings by the previous studies |
| D．It draws more attention to adolescents' health than previous studies |
| A．Their school attendance. | B．Their physical conditions. |
| C．Their tolerance of bullying. | D．Their tendency for bullying. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence and feelings.
In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States.People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.
The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 2018 report by scientists, IQs of a group of students were very high when a very strong wind came; but after the strong wind, their IQs were 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August)．
Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months.They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger.
Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on lowpressure days. There is “good weather” for work and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 ℃.
Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the problem of weather.
1. When do people in the Northeast in America have more heart trouble?| A．In February. | B．In July. |
| C．In August. | D．In November. |
| A．People’s health. |
| B．People’s appearance. |
| C．People’s intelligence. |
| D．People’s feelings. |
| A．People can feel best when air pressure is high. |
| B．People may be forgetful when air pressure is high. |
| C．People may buy more things when air pressure is low. |
| D．People can’t remember things so well when air pressure is low. |
【推荐2】My two sons are all grown up now. Yet they both still have the minds of children. Autism has limited their intellectual growth over the years, and they still need to be looked after 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. When I was a boy, the term used for people like my sons was Mentally Retarded. By the time I was an adult, the term had switched to Mentally Handicapped. Later, this was changed again to Mentally Challenged. However, none of these terms truly defined them. Their humanity is much richer than these personality labels.
These days, the newest term is people with Special Needs. My sons do have Special Needs but they also have Special Gifts. My oldest boy may only be able to talk about certain things. Autism has limited his learning and interests. But when he greets people by name. He gives out love and hugs far more freely than I do. My youngest boy doesn't speak much at all, he is lost in his own world most of the time. But he also has an ability for laughter and joy that is far beyond anything I possess. Often after he finishes crying his happiness will immediately return. In truth, my two Special Needs sons have taught me more about how to live and how to love than I could have ever learned on my own.
The fact is all of us in this life have Special Needs. All of us also have Special Gifts. It is up to us to share our Gifts. It is up to us to meet each other's Needs. It is up to us to treat each other with kindness and love. Remember, we are all one family here. We are all Children of the same mother nature.
1. Which term does the author agree with most to define his sons?| A．Autism. | B．People with Special Needs. |
| C．Mentally Retarded | D．Mentally Handicapped. |
| A．The writer's oldest son taught him how to live. |
| B．The writer's oldest son taught him how to love. |
| C．The writer's youngest son taught him how to love |
| D．The writer taught his two sons how to live and love. |
| A．Comparing. | B．Listing facts. |
| C．Giving examples. | D．Expressing his mind directly. |
【推荐3】Daniel Devlin lives in the same house as his children and sees them every day — yet he is unable to recognise them at all.
Mr. Devlin, 46, from London, is living with a strange condition called prosopagnosia (脸盲症), also known as face-blindness, meaning he struggles to recognise faces — even those of his own family. He has to memorise his family’s voices and body language in order to know who they are. But reading voices and body language doesn’t always work. He has even mistaken another boy for his son when picking his children up from school before.
Mr. Devlin said, “Humans have a special ability to recognise people by seeing their faces. I really don’t have this ability.”
Maybe a good way to imagine what it’s like to have prosopagnosia is to try and recognise people by what their hands look like. Every person has different hands, but if someone showed you a photo of someone’s hands, you might struggle to recognise who the person is, even if that person turns out to be someone you know very well.
“I just thought that everyone was the same, or maybe I just wasn’t putting in as much effort as others to remember people. If I saw my wife somewhere unexpected and she pretended not to know me, then I’m not sure whether I would know it was her.”
Though Mr. Devlin now knows he has had the condition all his life, his disease was only found a few years ago by chance. He said, “I heard a programme about face-blindness on the radio and realised that was what I had.”
It is thought that the condition affects up to one in 50 people. Some people with prosopagnosia may only struggle to recognise a familiar face, but in more severe cases sufferers cannot distinguish a face as being different from an object.
1. What is the problem that Daniel Devlin has?| A．He often mistakes other boys for his son. |
| B．He has difficulty recognising people’s faces. |
| C．He can’t remember the faces of many strangers. |
| D．He can’t distinguish the voices of different people. |
| A．situation | B．feature | C．illness | D．characteristic |
| A．is always able to recognise his wife |
| B．once thought he was the same as others |
| C．had face-blindness after he was badly hurt |
| D．knew a lot about face-blindness from the very beginning |
| A．Science fiction. | B．A news report. |
| C．A medical report. | D．Popular science. |
【推荐1】We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper? Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more willing to give inventing a try.”
Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so useful.” Lee is now considering to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birminghan, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are ________.| A．beneficial, because their inventors are famous |
| B．beneficial, though their inventors are less famous |
| C．not useful, because their inventors are less famous |
| D．not useful, though their inventors are famous |
| A．add colour and variety to students' campus life |
| B．inform students of the windshield wiper's invention |
| C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University |
| D．prepare students to try their own inventions |
| A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer |
| B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper |
| C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm |
| D．not related to Professor Joan McLean's lectures |
【推荐2】The European Space Agency(ESP) wants to build a village on the moon, said Woerner, the head of the agency, in a video interview posted on its website on March 21.
“I would like to build a base station on the moon, meaning that it’s an open station...for different states around the globe,” Woerner said to Euronews. He said the village could replace the International Space Station(ISS) in the future, which will be ended in 2024. In December Nexgen Space, a consultant(咨询) company for NASA, said that a lunar refueling station could “reduce the cost to NASA of sending humans to Mars by as much as $10 billion per year.”
According to the ESA’s plan, starting from the early 2020s, robots will be sent to the moon to begin building different facilities(设备), followed a few years later by the first humans to live there. Instead of bringing expensive resources from Earth, the moon’s natural resources like metal and frozen water could be used to build the village.
Having a lunar base could be challenging because of space radiation(辐射), meteorite(陨石) and extreme temperatures from 123℃ to 153℃, according to CNN. But Woerner said these risks could be made smaller by choosing the right locations on the moon.
“If we go into the shadow on the moon, we’ll have places where we don’t have the radiation... At the South Pole, we can find water,” he said.
Right now, the moon village is just an idea. But as the BBC said, there is a growing interest in returning to the moon and the idea will be taken seriously.
“Inside all of us there is something that goes beyond being practical,” Woerner said. “We like to discover. This is humankind and this is what brings us into the future.”
1. What is most likely to happen after robots finish building different facilities?| A．Humans will be sent to Mars. |
| B．Humans will be sent to live on the Moon. |
| C．Expensive resources will be sent to the moon. |
| D．International Space Station(ISS) will be ended. |
| A．It is too hot to live there. |
| B．There is too much radiation. |
| C．It’s too far away from the earth. |
| D．There may be rocks landing from outer space. |
| A．Humans are very practical. |
| B．Humans want to experience the future. |
| C．Humans don’t like to stay in the same place. |
| D．Humans are nature-born to explore the unknown. |
| A．To inform. | B．To analyze. | C．To persuade. | D．To criticize. |
【推荐3】Classroom rules are important for all students—even middle school and high school students. Start your school year or even your lessons with a discussion on the rules. Students are more likely to follow the rules when they understand the reasons for them. For this reason, it is important to explain why you have made certain rules.
Two helpful teaching ways—when setting rules for middle school and high school students are:
◆Make rules that say what to do instead of saying what not to do.
◆Start every rule with an action word (verb).
Perhaps a better way to go about writing classroom rules is to do it democratically (民主地). Get your class together and ask them what rules they want to see in their classroom. I have found that young people are surprisingly conservative (保守的) about the rules. They’ll offer some tough and powerful rules that they all must follow.
By getting students to come up with the rules together, they are setting their own personal rules. It makes them more accountable (有责任的) not only to yourself as the teacher, but also to themselves.
Classroom rules are necessary for learning. When students misbehave, they are disrespecting (不尊重) other students. Everyone in the class has the right to learn. If a student influences other students who are trying to learn, that needs to be stopped.
1. It is more possible for students to follow the rules when ________.| A．the rules are made by the teacher |
| B．their teachers force them to do so |
| C．they know they will be punished if they break the rules |
| D．they understand why the rules are made |
| A．It is polite to keep quiet when others answer a question. |
| B．Be quiet when others answer a question. |
| C．You must be quiet when others answer a question. |
| D．Don’t make a noise when others answer a question. |
| A．Correcting the students’ mistakes in class. |
| B．Having a discussion on students’ opinions. |
| C．Asking students to join in the rule-making process. |
| D．Requiring students to make their own personal rules first. |
| A．students | B．teachers | C．parents | D．headmasters |
【推荐1】It is a question people have been asking for ages—is there a way to turn back the aging process?
For centuries, people have been looking for a “fountain of youth.” The idea is that if you find a magical fountain, and drink from its waters, you will not become old. Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León searched for waters with magical powers in the early 1500s. But what he found instead is the American State of Florida.
Researchers in New York did not find a fountain of youth in fact, but they may have found a way to turn back the aging process. It appears the answer may be hidden right between your eyes, in an area called the hypothalamus (丘脑下部).The hypothalamus is part of your brain. It controls important activities within the body, including growth, reproduction and the way we process food.
Researchers at New York’s Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that hypothalamus stem cells also influence how fast aging takes place in the body. What are stem cells? They are simple cells that can develop into specialized cells, like blood or skin cells. Stem cells can also repair damaged parts in the body.
Professor Dongsheng Cai was the lead researcher in a study on aging in mice. Cai explains in the Journal Nature what they found. “Aging speed can be controlled by a particular place in the body, which is the hypothalamus. And it can be controlled by a particular type of cells, which are hypothalamus stem cells. I think these findings are quite interesting.”
He adds that when the hypothalamus starts aging, so does the body. “So when hypothalamus function is decreasing, particularly the loss of hypothalamus stem cells, this protection against the aging development is lost. It finally leads to aging.”
Using this information, the researchers began trying to activate (激活) the hypothalamus in mice. They did this by putting stem cells from younger mice into middle-aged animals. Later, the researchers examined mice and tested for changes in behavior. They also looked for changes in the strength of the animals’ muscles and the way they worked. The researchers say the results show that the treatment slowed aging in the animals.
Cai says when hypothalamus stem cells, which were derived from young mice was put into middle-aged mice, the mice aged slowly and they also have increased the length of their lives.
But these results were just from studying mice in a lab. If the mice can live longer, does that mean people could have longer lives? The next step is to see if the anti-aging effects also work in human beings.
1. Juan Ponce de León’s story was mentioned in order to show ________.| A．the efforts he made to discover Florida |
| B．the fruitless work to find the magical fountain |
| C．the non-stop search for the way to stay young |
| D．the impossible existence of “fountain of youth” |
| A．growth | B．reproduction |
| C．aging process | D．food production |
| A．Stem cells are specialized cells which can repair damaged parts. |
| B．Aging is the result of function loss of hypothalamus stem cells. |
| C．The strength of the animals’ muscles slows the process of aging. |
| D．Aging speed is controlled by stem cells instead of hypothalamus. |
| A．came from | B．changed from |
| C．resulted from | D．developed from |
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1. The Smiths，a retired couple，would probably call ________ for several quiet starry nights.
| A．7623473 | B．18773447117 |
| C．(866) 3882877 | D．18007606934 |
information.
| A．www.minnewankaboattours.com |
| B．www.rockiesairtours.com |
| C．www.brewster.ca |
| D．www.insideoutexperience.com |
| A．Outdoor activities. |
| B．Adventurous activities. |
| C．Educational activities. |
| D．Free activities. |
| A．In a tour brochure. | B．In science fiction. |
| C．In a textbook. | D．In a TV guide. |
【推荐3】A calorie deficit is a state in which you burn more calories than you consume. As one of the most popular approaches of losing weight, how does it work? For example, if you burn 2,500 calories per day but only eat 2,000，you have created a deficit of 500 calories per day. There is mathematical certainty. But, this by no means tells the whole story about how calories deficit affects our lives.
Before wondering what a calorie deficit is, it’s probably best to learn what a calorie is. A calorie is a unit that we use to track our body’s energy expenditure (消耗) and storage. In order to just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calories. This means, even before we perform any activity, our bodies are already using energy (measured in calories) to keep us alive. Around 70% of the calories we consume are spent on just keeping our vital organs running. Thus, if a person consumes calories far more less than needed to look thin，it may have negative effects on the body.
When people pick up a calorie deficit, they often merely note that the calorie math is irrefutable (无可辩驳的). The question here is that not all calories are the same. If you eat a few bags of potato chip worth of calories to support the calorie intake needed to maintain or cut down on your weight, it will work. But, this doesn’t have the same effect on your body and overall health as a balanced nutritional meal containing the same amount of calories.
It seems like a simple unit of energy has become an object of our society’s obsession. It needn't be that way. Remember, calorie deficits are just a tool, which serves a purpose in losing some weight and keeping track of your calorie intake seems simple enough.
1. What do we know about the calorie deficit?| A．It helps people lose weight. |
| B．It is a way of doing exercises. |
| C．It affects people's lives positively. |
| D．It means the calories people consume. |
| A．A calorie is a unit to store daily energy. |
| B．People need to burn calories to be alive. |
| C．Calorie intake is to keep our organs operating. |
| D．Living animals only burn calories after activities. |
| A．Focusing on the calorie math when eating. |
| B．Focusing on different calories when eating. |
| C．Having bags of potato chips containing enough calories. |
| D．Having balanced nutritional diets containing proper calories. |
| A．Influences of calorie deficits. | B．Approaches to lose weight. |
| C．Distinctions between calories. | D．Ways to track calorie intake. |
【推荐1】During his school's “College Colours Day”, a fourth-grade boy in Florida, who dreams to become a student of the University of Tennessee, wanted to wear a shirt of the university, but he didn't have one. His teacher, Laura Snyder, suggested that he should wear an orange shirt to show his spirit.
When the day finally arrived, the boy was so excited to show his shirt-an orange one with a piece of paper attached to it, on which was his homemade design of the UT logo.
But by lunch time, the spirited fan was in tears. Some girls bullied (霸凌) him and made fun of his design that he had pinned to his shirt. Back to Snyder 's room, he put his head on desk and was crying, devastated.
In hopes of raising the boy's spirits, Snyder planned on buying him an official University of Tennessee T-shirt, and asked friends online if they had contacts with the university who could “make it a little extra special for him.”
The post immediately went viral and Snyder was contacted by the University of Tennessee informing her that they wanted to send the boy a care package of swag and apparel(服装) in support of him.
The story, however, didn't end here. The University of Tennessee said it was turning his “U.T.” design into an official T-shirt and had pre-sold more than 50,000 shirts online. The university won't profit from the shirts: It is donating the money to a charity dedicated to (致力于) getting rid of bullying of all forms.
“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw dropped," said Snyder. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his confidence grew!”
In recognition of the fourth-grader's spirit, the university has also extended an offer of honorary admission for him to join the Class of 2032. In addition, he has been awarded a four-year scholarship if he decides to attend UT in 2028 and meets admission requirements.
1. How did the boy react to his school's “College Colours Day”?| A．He prepared for it with a creative design. |
| B．He dreamed of winning a prize on the day. |
| C．He was afraid of being laughed at on the day. |
| D．He was shy of joining it without a university shirt. |
| A．Excited and thankful. | B．Confident and happy. |
| C．Shocked and sad. | D．Nervous and worried. |
| A．a strong will is vital to success |
| B．a promise will change one's life |
| C．the youth should be treated equally |
| D．caring love can make a big difference |
【推荐2】There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today—the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800’s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much anymore. They began to work instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies with sound in 1926. The computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960’s most people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life.
Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning, though.
New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.
1. Why did the world start to change in the early 1800’s?| A．Because there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel for hundreds of years. |
| B．Because people began to work to make life better instead of exploring unknown world. |
| C．Because there was little unknown land left in the world. |
| D．Because people did not have to explore much anymore. |
| A．helicopters, computers, jet planes, nylon | B．new materials |
| C．new ways to help people get over disease | D．people |
| A．Going into space is a dream for man to realize. |
| B．Man wanted to move to other stars. |
| C．Other countries wanted to follow Russia. |
| D．Other countries wanted to catch up with America. |
【推荐3】The term“smiling depression”—appearing happy to others while actually suffering depressive symptoms—has become increasingly popular. In fact, many people who experience a low mood and a loss of pleasure in activities manage to hide their condition in this way. And these people might be particularly easy to suicide.
While smiling depression is not a technical term that psychologists use，it is certain to be depressed and manage to successfully mask the symptoms. The closest technical term for this condition is “atypical depression”. It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don’t have a reason to be sad — they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner. They smile when you greet them and can carry pleasant conversations. In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.
People with smiling depression put on a happy face to the outside world, but they can experience a lift in their mood as a result of positive occurrences in their lives. Other symptoms of this condition include overeating, feeling a sense of heaviness in the arms and legs and being easily hurt by criticism or rejection. They are also more likely to feel depressed in the evening and feel the need to sleep longer than usual. With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.
So how can they break this circle? A starting point needs to be known that this condition actually exists and that it’s serious. Only when we stop ignoring our problems because we think they’re not serious enough can we start making an actual difference. Then we can find purpose by taking the attention away from ourselves and placing it onto something else. Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning — and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.
1. What do we know about people suffering smiling depression?| A．They are wearing masks all day. | B．They are difficult to get along with. |
| C．They lead an abnormal life actually. | D．Most of them commit suicide. |
| A．representative | B．common | C．hidden | D．formal |
| A．may feel sleepless | B．feel more depressed in the evening |
| C．are tired of heaviness in the arms | D．may eat more food |
| A．Never talk about smiling depression and ignore its existence. |
| B．Admit the condition and pay attention to ourselves. |
| C．Value the importance of our life and enjoy it. |
| D．Find out the problem and place it onto somebody else. |
