Before war and time destroy more of our important cultural sites, we need to save them in 3-D digital libraries. Across 163 different countries, 1,000 natural and cultural historic places make up our most precious human heritage, which UNESCO calls World Heritage Sites.
We lose a little of that heritage every day. War, climate change and pollution have a bad effect, as do wind and rain. The $4 million a year that UNESCO spends on preservation is not nearly enough to take care of even the four dozen sites considered at approaching risk of being lost forever. Now there’s a better choice. New digital-conservation technologies let us hold on to them, at least virtually(虚拟的), through 3-D scanning, modeling and digital storage. Such projects can be accomplished through cooperation between governments, universities, industry and non-profit organizations.
To make a 3-D model, a laser(激光) scanner bounces light off an object and records the results. To reproduce every corner and opening, the scanner collects overlapping(重叠的) images from all possible angles. A computer then sews them together into one large surface image and draws lines from one point to another to create a wire-frame model. High-resolution digital cameras add color and texture. When fully put together, the models can be viewed, printed or operated.
These scans do more than preserve a memory in a database. With highly accurate measurements, archaeologists(考古学家) can find hidden passages or reveal ancient engineering tricks. School kids can explore places they might otherwise never see. And when a site is destroyed, the scans can even be used to reconstruct what was there. That has already happened for one World Heritage Site, the Kasubi Tombs in Uganda. Built of wood in 1882, they were destroyed by fire in 2010 and rebuilt in 2014, based in large part on 3-D models made in 2009. More than 100 World Heritage Sites have been already preserved as 3-D models, and conservationists are racing to record as many more as possible.
1. How does the author show the necessity for 3-D digital libraries in the first two paragraphs?| A．By listing the threats to our human heritage. |
| B．By introducing some damaged historical sites. |
| C．By quoting some experts’ views on heritage protection. |
| D．By explaining UNESCO’s research on World Heritage Sites. |
| A．The function of a laser scanner. | B．The reflection of light off an object. |
| C．The process of making a 3-D model. | D．The development of 3-D digital technology. |
| A．It is metal-framed. | B．It is still in its original condition. |
| C．It was once destroyed in an earthquake. | D．It was reconstructed thanks to 3-D models. |
| A．Never ignore the destructive power of war. |
| B．Take action to reduce pollution in historic places. |
| C．Take advantage of 3-D technology to keep history. |
| D．Invest more money to preserve World Heritage Sites. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The history of the flying car is almost as old as that of powered flight itself. It started with the Curtiss Autoplane of 1917, awkward-looking equipment with separable wings. It never left the ground. Later machines made it into the skies but failed to take off commercially. Money is now pouring into flying taxis. On March 30th Lilium, a German company that develops them, announced cooperation with a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) that values it at $3.3 billion — a sign that investors think the business will fly.
Thanks to better batteries and lightweight materials the vehicles, some of them ten years in the making, are ready to carry passengers. Up to 300 firms are working on short-range battery-powered craft that take off and land vertically, estimates Natasha Santha of LEK, a consultancy.
Midway between a cab and a helicopter, flying taxis have obvious advantages over both. Quiet electric motors allow them to operate frequent services. They require only a small area to land, unlike noisy helicopters, which face severe operating restrictions in most cities. They can fly four or five times faster than a cab can drive and do not get stuck in traffic. Prices can be kept low by ride-sharing. Joby, based in California, says its five-seater machine will enter commercial service in 2024. The firm calculates the initial cost of around $4 per person per mile may soon fall by 25%. It plans to start service soon afterwards.
The real change will come when full autonomy (自动驾驶) takes out the cost of a pilot. Archer hopes to run such aircraft by 2028. They face fewer obstacles in the air than earth-bound cars do on the road; airliners mostly fly on autopilot as it is. Still, as one industry insider puts it, it is probably best to adapt passengers and regulators to airborne taxis before laying off the driver.
1. What do investors think of the business of flying cars?| A．Unpredictable. | B．Challenging. | C．Promising. | D．Rough. |
| A．Fewer noises. | B．Faster rides. |
| C．Lower prices. | D．Smaller parking spaces. |
| A．There will be many traffic jams in the air. |
| B．Flying taxis will soon take the place of cars. |
| C．Flying taxis without drivers are not widely accepted. |
| D．The current planes are equipped with no human pilots. |
| A．Flying Taxis Take Off at Last | B．Long History of Flying Taxis |
| C．Life in the Future with Flying Taxis | D．High-tech Brings Flying Taxis into Reality |
【推荐2】Surgical students are less capable than their forebears because they spend too much time with screens and not enough with physical materials. These claims from Roger Kneebone, professor of surgical education at Imperial College London, were widely reported last week.
According to Kneebone, today’s students lack the dexterity that is important for sewing, cutting, and stitching. He argues that this is because, instead of taking part in creative subjects that involve manual work during their school education, “a lot of things are reduced to swiping on a two-dimensional flat screen”.
There hasn’t been much research into the effects of smartphones on hand skills. However, one 2012 study found no statistically significant change in digital dexterity among frequent smartphone users, and it did find a significant improvement in reaction time.
If anything, says Pete Etchells, a psychologist at Bath Spa University, UK, the use of digital technology—rather than smartphones specifically—seems to be linked with a higher level of surgical skill. One 2007 study, for example, found that young surgeons who played a lot of video games made fewer errors in surgery and worked faster than those who didn’t. A randomized, controlled trial in 2012 found that surgery simulators were less effective at training surgeons than just letting them play on games consoles. These were small studies that only found modest effects, warns Etchells, but they don’t paint a picture of digital technology damaging the core skills of surgery.
More broadly, says Andrew Przybylski of the Oxford Internet Institute, UK, Kneebone’s concerns, and the resulting coverage are part of a wider reaction to the role of technology in our lives. Around a decade ago, we hoped that digital experiences could lead to improvements in various kinds of real-world competence, such as brain-training games enhancing cognitive performance or video games boosting surgical dexterity. “As those hopes haven’t materialized, we, rightly, feel disillusioned,” says Przybylski.
There is also a society-wide fear about new technologies, which is often unfounded. Przybylski’s own work has found that, contrary to widespread concern around technology and young people, screen time seems to have a small, positive effect on teenagers in all but the most extreme of cases. “Collective anxiety about the role of smartphones, and social media companies, feed into this sort of technophobia,” he says.
Ultimately, Kneebone may turn out to be right that the decline in crafts and handiwork at school is reducing the quality of the surgical student intake. But there seems little evidence of it yet. In fact, it is probably a positive thing that our youngest surgeons are digitally literate. In the very near future, a surgeon’s ability to interact with technology—be that surgical robots or augmented reality—will become increasingly important.
1. What does the underlined word “dexterity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Skills related to hand work. | B．Experience of performing surgery. |
| C．Ability of concentration. | D．Capacity to use knowledge. |
| A．worried | B．supportive | C．surprised | D．uncertain |
| A．Surgeons will be less skillful when exposed much to digital screens. |
| B．People are confident that video games will boost cognitive performance. |
| C．Young surgeons can communicate with surgical robots in the near future. |
| D．Many people usually fail to see the positive effects of digital technology. |
【推荐3】Deep under a mountain at China Jinping Underground Laboratory in Sichuan, Chinese scientists tirelessly research dark matter. Located 2,400 meters below Jinping Mountain, their research site is the world’s deepest underground laboratory.
After reaching the foot of the mountain, it is a 10-minute drive before arriving at the lab.There are six layers of material outside the lab, including natural rock, 50-centimeter-thickconcrete and other materials to keep nearly everything out.
However, there is still something that cannot be kept out - the dark matter. According to NASA Science,only five percent of the universe is currently known. Dark energy fills 68percent of the universe, and dark matter makes up about 27 percent. Human eyes can’t see either of the elements; and no one has detected them yet.
Scientists are confident that dark matter exists. According to National Geographic,standard physics would suppose that stars orbiting at the edge of a galaxy travel slower than those near the center. However, what we see is that stars turn at nearly the same speed -no matter where they are. Scientists thus believe that stars are driven by the gravitational effect caused by dark matter.
With the first dark matter search results from the lab published in 2021, Chinese researchers have successfully narrowed down the range when detecting these “ghosts”. A question remains - why do scientists need such a pure “environment”?
Professor Elisabetta, a physicist, told the Science X Network website that dark matter research has to happen deep underground to “cut out the cosmic’(宇宙的) noise and radiation(辐射)”,for instance,cosmic rays(射线)which can be absorbed by rocks.If a lab is buried deep enough underground, the impact of cosmic rays may be reduced to zero.
1. What’s the conclusion about the underground laboratory according to paragraph 1?| A．It is built up for researching rocks. |
| B．It is under a mountain in Wenchuan. |
| C．It has ten layers of material outside. |
| D．It is the world’s deepest underground lab. |
| A．Tiny and beneficial. | B．Plentiful and dangerous. |
| C．Invisible and mysterious. | D．Unstable and undetectable. |
| A．How scientists study dark matter. |
| B．Where scientists can find dark matter. |
| C．Why scientists believe dark matter exists. |
| D．What role dark matter plays in the universe. |
| A．To study the gravitational effect. | B．To reduce the impact of cosmic rays. |
| C．To better make fantastic dark matter. | D．To explore unknown cosmic radiation. |
【推荐1】In an armed conflict or disaster situation, culture is particularly at risk, owing to its great symbolic value. At the same time, culture is regarded as a driver of recovery, strengthening the flexibility of a civilized society. The United Nations works with the international organizations to protect culture and promote cultural diversity in emergency situations, carrying out activities in times of civil wars and in the wake of disasters caused by natural or human-made harm.
During recent conflicts, cultural relics have not only increasingly suffered from the damage caused by war, but have also become the target of systematic and deliberate attacks, due to its high significance in the nations to which it belongs. The destruction of the cultural relics in Palmyra(Syria) and the robbery of the National Museum of Iraq are tragic examples of an intention to destroy the very cultural identity and break the bonds that bring them together as a society.
Disasters caused by natural and human-made harm including earthquakes, fires, floods and typhoons, also have caused extensive damage to many cultural and natural relics, museums, cultural institutions. The earthquakes in Nepal and Ecuador, the floods in Myanmar, Hurricane Matthew in the Western Atlantic Ocean and the heavy rainfalls following El Niño in Peru have all resulted in a mass of damage.
Culture, however, is not only a victim of emergency situations. Immediately after a disaster or an armed conflict, all nations often find cultural relics can work well as material and psychological support. The ability to access one’s cultural attractions — like a religious building, a historic city, an historical relic or a landscape — or to keep a specific cultural practice, may provide a much-needed sense of identity and dignity. Moreover after an emergency, culture can be an engine both to rebuild economies and societies and to promote tolerance, compromise and understanding, easing tensions and preventing renewed conflicts. Music, dance, theatre and cinema, for example, have been used to build deeper understanding among people who flee for safety.
This is why protecting culture in emergency situations, and building on its power to promote peace-building, recovery, as well as its potential protection from disasters, is fundamental to achieving long term development and security.
1. Why did the writer list some damaged cultural relics in Paragraphs 2 & 3?| A．To present the terrible situation of culture. |
| B．To show the intense international relationship. |
| C．To prove emergency situations caused by culture. |
| D．To unfold the disasters and conflicts in the world. |
| A．Culture suffers a lot in emergency situations. |
| B．Culture plays an important role in restoration. |
| C．Lots of cultural relics are rebuilt after a disaster. |
| D．Culture helps people better understand each other. |
| A．Most cultural relics are destroyed by war. |
| B．Natural disasters contribute to the damage of cultural relics. |
| C．Only concrete buildings can give people a sense of security. |
| D．Cultural relics can work better than psychological support. |
| A．The fast development of culture. |
| B．The analysis of the cultural emergency. |
| C．A specific case of ruined cultural relics. |
| D．Some measures taken to protect culture. |
【推荐2】Federal laws have been in place to protect archaeological (考古学的) resources for more than a century.
Yet theft, vandalism, and looting continue to pose serious threats to our cultural resources, and land managing agencies, tribal communities, and others are faced with the challenge of protecting heritage sites. A 2010 National Park Service report revealed that more than 3,000 cases of vandalism and looting on federal lands were documented within a 3-year period, and many more are likely unreported. Destructive behaviors range from the harmful act of artifact collecting to the criminal activity of looting and grave robbing.
Ancestral sites and surface artifacts are abundant in the Southwest. These material remains maintain connections to ancient traditions and cultural identity.
| A．It is of primary importance to work with local police. |
| B．Signs of these activities are found across the landscape. |
| C．Therefore, they are of cultural and spiritual importance. |
| D．There is no single or easy solution to this serious problem. |
| E．They serve as significant contributors to local and national economies. |
| F．The Antiquities Act, passed in 1906, was the first measure taken to preserve sites. |
| G．It forbids the damage to archaeological resources on public lands without a permit. |
【推荐3】What’s the better way to experience the history of a site than to have a hand in actually preserving it? This was the thought behind the founding of Adventures in Preservation (AiP) in 2001.The nonprofit’s founders, Judith Broeker and Jamie Donahoe, were both longtime preservationists and world travelers. They had seen a great many buildings in poor condition, as well as buildings that had been “restored” without the benefit of conservation expertise.
Twelve years on, they are still involved in the daytoday management of the organisation, supported by a volunteer staff. Located around the world, Judith’s favourite projects have long been the ones in Eastern Europe, and she enjoys the opportunity to travel there each year. She, along with anyone else who’s joined the adventure, always quotes their fellow jammers, as they’re called, as the highlight of each project. The groups are made up of people from all different ages, occupations, and cultures. Yet each time, they form a strong bond and work so well together that the work becomes fun.
Raising people’s awareness of their own heritage is another part of AiP project. In many places, there is so much focus on the news that not only are heritage buildings being lost but also are the traditional building skills needed to keep them. By providing training and raising awareness of the importance of their heritage, AiP is helping keep both alive.
Next year, AiP has projects in Europe and the US. There will be even more projects the following year as projects currently under development in Ghana, Armenia, Ukraine and the US come on line. Each project is also an opportunity for travel adventure, and personal growth, and AiP welcomes people from around the world to join a project and “jam” with them.
1. For what major purpose was AiP set up?| A．To gain wonderful benefits. | B．To protect old buildings. |
| C．To hunt for experts. | D．To train new members. |
| A．Machines. | B．Projects. | C．Colleagues. | D．Organisations. |
| A．Ambitions. | B．Education. | C．Wealth. | D．Efforts. |
| A．AiP’s popularity. | B．AiP’s eagerness. | C．AiP’s goal. | D．AiP’s function. |
【推荐1】For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smart phones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report from the Pew Research Center, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 13 connect the Internet using a mobile device (移动设备) from time to time. Many younger kids are online, too.
Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor (监视) his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. “I ask my parents if something is wrong,” Julian says.
Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands. A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.
Have you ever had to enter a parent’s email address when signing up for a website? That safety net is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent’s permission (允许).
This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update (更新) COPPA for the first time since the law was created, in 1198—when there were no smart phones. “The nature of the way kids get online has changed,” FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said.
When the changes take effect, COPPA will apply to mobile device (移动设备) and newer forms of adverising. “There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe,” says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs kidSAFE, which checks whether a site meets kidSAFE standards and is safe. “It is important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that is also can be dangerous if you are not careful.” he adds.
1. Julian’s parents check his web use to make sure ________.| A．he doesn’t watch too many videos. |
| B．he doesn’t play computer games. |
| C．he stays safe on the Internet. |
| D．he controls his online time. |
| A．By describing his own experiences. |
| B．By presenting scientific research. |
| C．By showing differences. |
| D．By using examples. |
| A．normal websites are always safe. |
| B．the Internet is becoming safer and safer. |
| C．COPPA can ensure their complete safety. |
| D．daily checks prevent future online problems. |
【推荐2】The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common houseplant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily(百合花)and asparagus fern(芦笋蕨)is an economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So, it's been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty potted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home?
That's the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span(范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk through the park can clear one's head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants?
To test their theory, the study's authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a room with no plants and put others in a room with four plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests. First was a Reading Span Test, which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from reading and memorizing at one moment, to writing and recalling at the next. Next came a proof-reading task followed by another Reading Span Test.
The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.
1. What do we know from the first paragraph?| A．Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors. |
| B．Houseplants can function as beautiful cheap air purifiers. |
| C．Planting potted flowers as decorations is very interesting. |
| D．Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home. |
| A．Focus one's attention. | B．Disturb one's attention. |
| C．Weaken one's attention. | D．Turn one's attention away. |
| A．Working in nature helps increase productivity. |
| B．Houseplants will be in great demand in our life. |
| C．Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors. |
| D．Working among houseplants improves mental functioning. |
| A．Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes | B．Greenery: Effective Air-purifier |
| C．Houseplants: Visual Brain Food | D．Potted Plants: Great House-beautifier |
【推荐3】Since the COVID-19 outbreak, many people have been forced to stay at home for long periods of time to protect themselves from the virus. This has given people more free time to learn new skills and find different ways to entertain themselves.
Some of these activities include things like singing, learning to cook and ordering fresh food online. All of these things can be done in the palm of your hand with mobile apps.
Before, young people would go outside and meet friends at karaoke bars. Now, friends can meet and sing on the mobile karaoke app Changba, which translates to Singing Bar. “The Changba app not only gives me the chance to sing whatever I like at home, but also lets me keep in touch with friends by sharing our songs,” said an app user.
Some people have also taken up cooking as a new hobby to pass the time. You don’t need to attend culinary school, thanks to apps like Xiachufang and Ecook, which make it easier for those who want to learn how to cook. These apps provide a platform for users to look up different recipes and to share their own recipes with others. “Using this app, I have learned many new and healthy dishes which help me eat better,” an app user commented on the app’s website.
To help people avoid crowded places like grocery stores, apps that deliver goods right to your door have also become very popular. “It is noteworthy that the epidemic has attracted new groups of consumers, such as elderly people, who originally didn’t belong to our target user group,” Zhang Yi, an analyst from the market research company iiMedia Research, said.
Indeed, during this special time, these apps have opened up a whole new world of opportunities for people of all ages and backgrounds.
1. What did the author tell us about Changba in Paragraph 3?| A．It is more user-friendly than karaoke bars. |
| B．It helps users to discover their singing talent. |
| C．It provides opportunities to communicate with friends. |
| D．It allows users to improve their singing skills fast. |
| A．They have lost many young customers. |
| B．They have opened culinary classes for their users. |
| C．They have more elderly users than before. |
| D．They have caused many grocery stores to close. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．To tell people how to make full use of mobile apps. |
| B．To advertise mobile apps used for different purposes. |
| C．To show how people kill time during self-isolation. |
| D．To introduce the mobile apps people use during self-isolation. |
【推荐1】Wait for it...that sigh of relief you are hearing is wives, girlfriends and partners across London celebrating the end of Movember.
This year’s annual moustache-growing campaign in London will surpass (超过) 2014 fundraising numbers.
Last year London men grew enough facial hair to raise $ 200, 000. As of Thursday 2015 fundraising sat at $250,000 with additional money still expected to roll in.
“Well I think London is a pretty charitable community” said Lincoln McCardle president of the London chapter. “Whether it is a food drive or Movember we always step up and either meet or surpass the goal.”
As a result of last year’s success London was awarded a wrap-up gala (演出) which took place Thursday night at Jim Bob Ray’s on Richmond Street.
“Up until now the galas have been happening in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary” said McCandle. “We wanted to have a gala. I told the guys in head office in Toronto to pick a number - not to tell me - but if we hit it I want a gala in London. And we did. It is a chance to thank the people who registered, hand out a few awards and have some fun.”
This year 60 percent of the money collected in Canada will still go to cancer research with the remaining 40 percent being directed towards men’s mental health.
For men looking for a professional to take off their month-long growth there are a number of “shave-off” events around the city Friday. One will be at David E. White at the corner of Richmond Street and Queens Avenue. For a $20 donation your prized moustache will be professionally removed. Organizers are hoping to set a Guinness World Record for the most number of shaves given in a day.
Started in Australia in 2003 the craze (热潮) found its way to Canadian men by 2007 and in the last couple of years Canada has collected more setting the pace in terms of fundraising. Money raised has traditionally gone toward prostate-cancer research which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men according to Health Canada.
1. What can we learn about the people in London?| A．They are wealthy. | B．They are creative. |
| C．They are indifferent. | D．They are warm-hearted. |
| A．To have a wrap-up gala. | B．To raise money for men’s health. |
| C．To set a Guinness World Record. | D．To remove the moustache professionally. |
| A．The length of a moustache a man grows. | B．The amount of money collected in a day. |
| C．The number of moustaches removed in a day. | D．The number of people participating in the campaign. |
| A．Taking the lead. | B．Achieving the goal. |
| C．Falling behind. | D．Reaching the speed. |
【推荐2】It s good to share, right? Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new fashion trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
What is oversharing? The term has become related to social media，but it doesn’t only belong to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have told details about their personal life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in internet psychology, says the more details people share, the less sympathy (同情)we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However, Dr. Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become—if the posts are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also control clear of showing off or bragging (吹嘘), as it’s now known—especially about our love lives. It makes sense—if your date is going "that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your gripes about your lack of money really are too much.
1. The phrases ''dance challenges" and -pillow dresses" in paragraph 1 are used to prove_____________.| A．a dislike of oversharing | B．an enthusiastic interest in oversharing |
| C．social media becoming free | D．oversharing being forbidden |
| A．Need to connect with people. | B．Curiosity to know others. |
| C．Desire to help others. | D．Ambition to succeed. |
| A．Sadfishing is generally considered as positive. |
| B．We might be in danger when bad things happen. |
| C．People don't feel sorry as much when things are wrong. |
| D．become more socially attractive no matter what happens. |
| A．Negative. | B．Neutral. | C．Positive | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Future. | B．Dates. | C．Desire. | D．Complaints. |
【推荐3】Almost all researches in sleep explain that nightmares are a reaction to negative experiences that happen during waking hours. However, some of them believe that nightmares do have some real benefits. One 2017 study, for example, found that frequent nightmare sufferers considered themselves as more empathetic (共鸣的). They also showed more of a tendency to unconsciously mirror other people through things like yawning. People who have constant nightmares also tend to think further outside the box on psychoanalysis tasks. Some other researches have found support for the idea that nightmares might be linked to creativity.
People seeking cure for nightmares were not necessarily more fearful or anxious, but rather had a general sensitivity (敏感) to all emotional experiences. Sensitivity is the driving force behind Intense (强烈的) dreams. Heightened sensitivity to threats or fear during the day results in bad dreams and nightmares, while heightened passion or excitement may result in more intense positive dream. And both these forms of dreams may feed back into waking life, perhaps increasing suffering after nightmares, or promoting (促进) social bonds and empathy (共鸣) after positive dreams.
The effects go further still. This sensitivity overflows over into perceptions and thoughts: people who have a lot of nightmares experience a dreamlike quality to their waking thoughts. And this kind of thinking seems to give them a creative advantage. For example, studies show that such people tend to have greater creative talent and artistic expression. And people who often have nightmares also tend to have more positive dreams than the average person.
The evidence points towards the idea that, rather than disturbing normal activity, people who are unfortunate in having a lot of nightmares also have a dreaming life that is at least as creative, positive and vivid as it can be distressing and frightening. What’s more, this imaginative richness is unlikely to be limited to sleep, but also is filled with waking thought and daydreams. Even after people wake up and shake off the nightmare, in other words, a mark of it stays behind, occupying them throughout the day.
1. What do most sleep researchers think of nightmares?| A．They have no advantages at all. |
| B．They make people more empathetic. |
| C．They can contribute to humans’ creativity. |
| D．They are a reflection of waking behavior. |
| A．Be more fearful to anxious to nightmares. |
| B．Try to reduce sensitivity to threats or fear. |
| C．Avoid excitement as much as possible. |
| D．Promote social bonds and empathy. |
| A．Awareness. | B．Content. |
| C．Relief. | D．Determination. |
| A．The Solution of Nightmares | B．The Empathy of Nightmares |
| C．The Benefits of Nightmares | D．The Tendency of Nightmares |
