Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels(管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain."
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician(儿科医生), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. "Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning," says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants (婴儿), exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.
1. What is the best title of this passage?A.How to exercise |
B.How exercise helps the brain |
C.How to get good scores on a test |
D.How the brain can change |
A.Exercise makes us stupid. |
B.The brain needs special mental exercise. |
C.The more exercise, the bigger the brain. |
D.Physical exercise helps us think better. |
A.three hours per week |
B.40hours per week |
C.three hours per day |
D.40hours per month. |
A.It is easy to learn. |
B.It can be done in groups. |
C.It does not increase the heart rate. |
D.It includes learning new motions. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Alarming reports that the Antarctic ice sheet is becoming smaller misrepresent the facts. The ice sheet holds about 26.5 million gigatons(十亿吨)of water. If it were to melt(融化)completely, sea levels would rise 190 feet. Such a change is an issue for the far future, if it comes at all.
Much more modest ice loss is normal in Antarctica. Each year, some 2,200 gigatons of the ice is discharged(消融), while snowfall adds almost the same amount. The difference between the discharge and addition each year is the annual loss. That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. If it continued at that rate, the sea level would be raised by 3 inches over 100 years.
Many fear that a warming globe could increase discharge and cause more rapid sea-level rise. Two recent studies focus on this issue. Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. But the media goes with this angle: “A ‘doomsday(末日)glacier’, the size of Florida, is breaking faster than thought.”
A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers. Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely catch such nuance, and the media goes with headlines such as “a massive tsunami would drown New York City, killing millions.” A more accurate headline would read: “Ocean currents connecting Antarctic glaciers might quicken their melting.”
These two studies were conducted with clever methods to infer past conditions and advanced computer modeling to show possible situations. These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself.
1. What does the author think of the annual loss of the Antarctic ice sheet?
A.It’s a danger. | B.It’s limited. |
C.It changes significantly. | D.It decreases yearly. |
A.Both studies constructed new models. |
B.The Thwaites Glacier melts faster than expected. |
C.The complexity of the ocean speeds up the discharge of glaciers. |
D.Neither the reason nor the time of the Thwaites Glacier’s melting is known. |
A.deny the obvious facts | B.pay attention to the difference |
C.evaluate the details | D.are serious about the warning |
A.Antarctic glaciers melting makes sea level rise greatly. |
B.Recent studies on the melting ice call for people’s action. |
C.Reports of the media on Antarctic glaciers mislead the public. |
D.The researches about the glaciers melting raise public awareness. |
Good Taste of Knowledge
The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.
Nothing is more annoying than to meet a person at a party whose mind is crammed (填塞) full with historical dates and figures and who is extremely well-posted on current international affairs, but whose attitudes or points of view are all wrong. I have met such people. They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between their scholarship (学术成就), conduct and taste..
An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power.
When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.
Taste, then. is closely associated with courage. as the Chinese always associated dan (“胆”) with shi (“识”) And courage or independence of judgment, as we know, is such a rare virtue among humankind. We see this intellectual courage or independence during the childhood of all thinkers and writers who in later life amount to anything. Such a person refuses to be impressed by a philosophic vogue or a fashionable theory, even though it is backed by the greatest name. this is taste in knowledge.
No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish. nave confidence in oneself, but this self is the only thing that one can cling to. and the moment a student gives up-his right of personal judgment, he is m for accepting all the dishonest and insincere of life.
1. According to the author, what is the goal of education?2. Why is a well-read man not necessarily an educated one?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement: Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself; then underline it and explain why Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.
4. Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so. (In about 40 words)
【推荐3】Emotional intelligence is highly important in a teen’s development. There is considerable evidence pointing to its positive role in helping students deal with stress, develop relationships, and handle the transitions (过渡) facing them.
Emotional intelligence helps us manage negative emotions and our behaviors in response to them. So, does it impact on how teens and students perform academically? Some research does, in fact, suggest a relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. In one study of education students at university, self-emotion appraisal (评价) and understanding of emotion were revealed to have positive significant linkages with their academic performance on assessments.
Later studies support this finding, with Sanchez-Ruiz and colleagues finding that emotional intelligence predicted academic performance better than established personality and cognitive (认知的) ability for Cyprus university students.
But what about teens specifically? Interestingly, there is also cogent evidence to suggest that teens with EI are better able to make the transition from high school to higher education. Results of a study of 1,426 first-year students found significantly higher interpersonal, stress management, and adaptability skills among students who were academically successful in entering university. The authors’ conclusion was that emotional intelligence has a large impact on students’ ability to deal with challenges such as developing new relationships and learning to live more independently, amongst other factors.
It is worth noting that while the studies above do provide evidence for some benefits of emotional intelligence skills for students, they don’t necessarily indicate an academic consensus (共识). As with most areas in the field, much room for future research remains. So interpersonal and emotional management skills may play a key part in helping students better handle the challenging aspects of academic life.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.Emotional intelligence is only helpful to negative emotions. |
B.Evidence of the function of emotional intelligence isn’t enough. |
C.Emotional intelligence is connected with academic performance. |
D.Our behaviors can’t be treated with our emotional intelligence. |
A.Insufficient. | B.Specific. | C.Usual. | D.Convincing. |
A.Emotional intelligence equals academic performance |
B.Much research is needed for emotional intelligence. |
C.Emotional intelligence doesn’t adapt to teens yet. |
D.Interpersonal management counts in learning languages. |
A.Emotional Intelligence is Important for Teens |
B.Emotional Intelligence Means a Lot to Us All |
C.We Should Develop Our Emotional Intelligence |
D.We Need Further Study on Emotional Intelligence |
【推荐1】People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.
But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger, the cunning of the fox and the obedience to the law of the jungle are, in their human applications, actually evidence of human fitness to survive. If human beings are to pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals, are there not animals other than beasts of prey from which we might learn lessons in survival?
We might, for example, look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed in running away from our enemies. We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their fitness to survive to the ability to keep out of sight and out of the way. If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. We may emulate any animal because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.
Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival. First, there is the interspecific struggle, warfare between different species of animals. Second, there is the intraspecific struggle, warfare among members of a single species. A great deal of evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed elaborate means of intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition, and that strength and fierceness in fighting and killing other animals, whether in interspecific or intraspecific competition, have never been enough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.
If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.
Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.
beaver
1. According to the passage, the “Survival of the Fittest” theory .A.shows that the tough-minded and realistic survive |
B.is often used as an excuse for one’s being selfish |
C.applies better in human society than in the wild |
D.is universally acknowledged among scientists |
A.Copy | B.Protect. | C.Trap. | D.Admire. |
A.humans have no superior force over other species |
B.humans have survived because they are the fittest |
C.humans don’t have to learn from animals to survive |
D.humans need to fight each other for their own survival |
A.Ways to make humans more competitive. |
B.Human’s cooperation via communication |
C.Differences between beavers and humans. |
D.The development of human survival skills. |
【推荐2】A three-month survey of 119 households in Seattle found about one-third of the food thrown away was edible (可以吃的).
“We think we are doing better but we can’t be, given the waste.” said Andrea Spacht, a food specialist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.
For every item thrown away, the cost is far more than just an uneaten meal. Throwing out just one hamburger, for example, wastes as much water as a 90-minute shower.
The Waste of nutrition and resources on this scale (规模) makes little sense when 15 million American households have been classified as food-insecure by the U.S. Department of Agriculture—meaning they cannot access enough food.
But food waste is not just about households. It is happening on a large scale on the farm.
Most farm food waste is due to a lack of buyers or prices that are too low. Without a guarantee of an income that will at least cover the cost of harvesting, growers have no choice but to leave food in the field—despite the huge waste that represents, said Lisa Johnson, of the Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University.
For the time being, the U.S. remains a contradiction, say food waste activists. “It’s the place in the world where the most food is wasted, but also where some of the most exciting solutions are.” said Tristram Stuart, founder of Toast Ale, which makes beer from bread that would otherwise be thrown away.
The past few years have seen an awakening awareness of the impact of the problem on our planet. An increasing number of food waste companies and charities have appeared to help people cut their own food waste and also ensure unwanted food makes its way to where it is needed.
While campaigners are celebrating the rising consumer and corporate (公司的) recognition of food waste as a major problem, they do not expect the problem to disappear overnight. Dealing with the problem requires “a transformation that will take years.” said Evan Lutz, co-founder of the food waste company Hungry Harvest.
1. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3?A.To encourage readers to save water. |
B.To prove the popularity of hamburgers. |
C.To show that people are doing better in saving food. |
D.To explain that throwing away food has hidden costs. |
A.The food goes bad. | B.The food isn’t ripe. |
C.They cannot make a profit. | D.They do not have the machine to harvest. |
A.Food waste contradicts food insecurity. |
B.Food waste contradicts exciting solutions. |
C.The lack of buyers contradicts good harvests. |
D.The high cost of harvesting contradicts low food prices. |
A.Americans waste the most food. |
B.It has been in existence for years. |
C.Solving it will take a long lime. |
D.People are becoming aware of its seriousness. |
【推荐3】You’re stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or leave your car idling(挂空挡)on the highway while you set off on foot (please don’t do this).
Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver delivery concept the company has labeled the “Traffic Jam Whooper.” Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept, said the new approach allows the burger chain to gain advantage on a time of day in which the city’s terrible traffic typically slows business. “This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers”, Lauria added.
Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7, 000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible, Burger Kings Mexico app activates the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1. 8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.
Early on, Lauria wrote, the act was met with disbelief. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time data of geographic location was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-free way to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.
Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to roll out the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.
1. What does the “Traffic Jam Whopper” (paragraph 2) refer to?A.A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours. |
B.A practice which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars. |
C.A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones. |
D.An association monitoring whether drivers are observing traffic rules strictly. |
A.promote its business culture | B.make a shift in its sales pattern |
C.achieve an increase in its profit | D.popularize its business into more cities |
A.The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of cyclists. |
B.Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams. |
C.Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process. |
D.Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger Kings app at will. |
【推荐1】Speaking in an interview, Naveen Jain, founder of a space exploration company called Moon Express, said that he believes moon travel is just a decade away. And his company, which is the first private firm to get approval from the U.S. government to carry out the project of moon travel, wants to play a role in helping people get to the moon surface.
''I believe in the next ten years, there is going to be gentlemen on their knees asking their sweethearts, honey, will you go to the moon with me for honey moon?'' Jain said in the interview.
Many people in the technology and scientific communities are crazy about space exploration. Space presents an unprecedented(史无前例的)number of chances for scientific and human advancement. Companies, big and small, are determining how they can create technologies that would allow people to explore space, the moon, and even Mars. Other companies are eyeing ways to play a role in space travel.
The key of that gold rush has been the declining cost of actually getting to space. Jain said that while it once cost billions of dollars to go to the moon, his company's unmanned space flight next year will cost just 7 million. As costs continue to decline(减少),he believes that within the next decade, getting to the moon will cost just $10,000.Better yet, it'll take just four hours to get there.
Still, Mars is the final prize. And even Jain, whose company will focus on moon travel, said that ''Mars is certainly the right place to be finally. '' When asked if he'd like to stage space fights to Mars, Jain said ''of course'', adding that he believes Moon Express could partner with Elon Musk's SpaceX to make that happen.
''Elon will build the rocket and we do the travelers,'' Jain said of a theoretical partnership. ''Generally, he lays the cables and we do the last mile.''
SpaceX and Musk have not said whether they would work alongside Jain and Moon Express. Either way, it looks like hopping from the moon to Mars (and back) might be just a part of our lives.
1. We can learn about moon travel from the passage thatA.it will take less time and money |
B.it is already available for all |
C.few people are interested in it |
D.its future is not bright at all |
A.Mars is the final destination difficult but valuable to reach. |
B.Mars is the final destination expensive but easy to reach. |
C.Mars is the first destination to choose for space travelers. |
D.Mars is the last destination to choose for space travelers. |
A.Moon Express is certainly an ideal partner for SpaceX. |
B.SpaceX hasn't decided to cooperate with Moon Express. |
C.Moon Express and SpaceX used to be close partners. |
D.SpaceX has been successful in moon travel exploration. |
A.entertainment | B.education | C.technology | D.literature |
【推荐2】Imagine this: you walk into work and the camera above the doors scans your face, opening them automatically without you lifting a finger. Oh, but you need to run to the chemist's at lunch. You walk up to a camera, and your prescription(药方)is deposited in front of you. After work, you look at your face in the mirror, and it reminds you to wear sun-cream the next day. Sounds pretty good, right?
Now imagine this: when you are walking down the street, a pair of policemen pull their guns and tell you to drop to the ground. After several days in jail, they let you know you were misidentified as a violent criminal on the loose. Regardless of your innocence, you're in the system. Now wherever you go, cameras that capture you will alert police to watch out for you. Even worse, as you enter stores, the facial recognition system lets the staff know a recently arrested individual has entered the building. Doesn't sound so good?
As fantastical as either of those pictures might seem, it's quite possible that this will be the future we're headed towards. The "benefits" of the technology are already being implemented by airlines, as seen by JetBlue Airways. Rather than scanning a boarding pass or handing over a passport, you simply stare into a camera and you're identified. This does save time and make processes the best possible, but it raises the question: do you have the right to your own face? Who is responsible for the protection of this information? Can I even remove my face from this database and just go the old-fashioned way?
We humans have the never-ending need to make things smoother, better and faster. This desire has helped drive the remarkable progress we have achieved as a society. However, it's time to take a step back and ask some necessary questions. We need to discuss whether we actually need the extensive use of facial recognition technology and how to ensure law enforcement (执行) doesn't abuse this technology. If we act now, I believe we can succeed in preventing technology companies from infiltrating(潜入)every aspect of our lives. If we don't, though, I fear the worst.
1. What does the underlined word "fantastical" probably mean?A.Unreal. | B.Optimistic. | C.Reasonable. | D.Unbearable. |
A.Inequality of rights. | B.Disorder of society. |
C.Violation of privacy. | D.Denial of responsibility. |
A.Improper enforcement of laws. | B.People's lack of awareness. |
C.Ignorance of the technology. | D.Companies' pursuit of profit. |
A.How do we live safely with facial recognition technology? |
B.Are we prepared for the use of facial recognition technology? |
C.What will the future be like without facial recognition technology? |
D.Can we prevent the development of facial recognition technology? |
【推荐3】Kangaroos have long been a nuisance to many Australian farmers. Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight. A traditional way has been a series of the huge screaming (尖叫)from loudspeakers. Researchers have found that kangaroos often become used to these man-made sounds and take little notice of them.
Australian farmers could be about to get an unusual new weapon(武器)to protect their crops from kangaroos. Researchers in Melbourne have found that kangaroos can be frightened away by the loud sound of their own large feet. It appears to be quite a breakthrough. This is the noise these animals make when they feel danger before running away quickly. Using the animals’ own alarm system could be what angry farmers have been looking for.
Animal rights protectors are happy about this new finding. When people complain that the number of' kangaroos has risen quickly, they say that a large number of kangaroos have been killed or injured on Australian roads by cars and trucks. Also, they don't want several million to be shot dead every year by human beings. Researchers, who are hoping to develop their footstep sound technology, believe it could also be used to lead kangaroos away from busy highways. The protectors are in favor of this solution which can prevent kangaroos from being harmed and also please the farmers.
1. What problem do kangaroos bring to Australian farmers?A.Breaking into houses. | B.Making noises. |
C.Frightening farmers. | D.Destroying crops. |
A.Cutting off water suplies. |
B.Killing them with guns. |
C.Using the sound of their own footstep. |
D.Sending man-made sound through loudspeakers. |
A.Because it costs less. |
B.Because they prefer new technology. |
C.Because it's a prevention — and — protection way. |
D.Because it can help reduce the traffic accidents. |
【推荐1】Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordability— as well as consumers’ dietary behaviour and nutritional status—vary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system.
Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen. dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food.
Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for then- livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will hamper food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money. On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products which may disturb the production.
1. The passage is mainly about ________.A.why the food system is easily affected by COVID-19 |
B.how the world may be affected by COVID-19 outbreak |
C.what effect COVID-19 may have on the food system |
D.what contexts affect food production |
A.They are eating more fresh food. |
B.Energy-dense food is not popular with them. |
C.They buy more less nutritious food. |
D.A balanced diet provides adequate nutrition for them. |
A.gathering | B.trade | C.market | D.processing |
A.Growing concern for food security. |
B.Inadequate ingredients. |
C.Increased processed food. |
D.Limited transport and supply. |
【推荐2】Since App Store was set up, it has been selling consumers one simple thing — choice. Whether you wanted to play games, read the news, or do a thousand other things, there was something for whatever you desired.
Then something funny happened. Logging into the App Store today is like going into a shopping mall with only a coupon (优惠券) for one thing: There's so much choice; it might be easier to give up than to choose.
It isn't consumers who are burdened, though. Too much content of all kinds also has economic effects. When countless choices are available, it causes pressure, pushing prices down and driving us a bit crazy.
So what is the way forward? It may well be to turn less choice itself to the marketing strategy. There are already signs that this is happening. Firstly content companies are looking to prevent their offerings from getting lost in the tons of stuff. Most obvious is Disney, which is planning to open its own streaming service next year. The point is to narrow the focus so that those seeking Disney cartoons will have one place to go, rather than being around various services.
Yet if that represents a careful first step, there are more extreme options too. Consider the idea of a wine club: from tens of thousands of bottles each year, subscribers (用户) pay someone to select the most interesting ones. Perhaps what comes next for digital content is similar — carefully selected offerings from trusted sources that put choices in the hands of someone else in order to get rid of the anxiety of choosing.
Up to now, too much choice in digital media has only one solution: the algorithm (运算法则). But we've seen the trouble with algorithms on You Tube. They feed you only what you've already said you like, not things you may not know you're into. Worse, they have a tendency to serve up disturbing content. The way forward can't simply be more or better algorithms.
Instead, it's time for digital companies to start thinking about how to put limits on things: on how much we can use a device, or what we are available to choose from.
As we move further into the digital revolution, what people ask for is clear: Less.
1. What will too much choice of content on the market result in?A.The shutdown of companies. | B.Anxiety of consumers. |
C.Poor quality of products. | D.Negative influence on economy. |
A.To improve its marketing strategy. |
B.To help people focus on less choice. |
C.To encourage more people to visit Disney. |
D.To provide consumers with various services |
A.Someone else will be employed to make a choice for consumers. |
B.Both of them will offer only a few options. |
C.Consumers will refuse to choose from too many options. |
D.Both of them will make a change about their products. |
A.It manages to offer what consumers will possibly like. |
B.It helps to remove disturbing content from digital media. |
C.it offers consumers things based on what they've said they like. |
D.It'll solve the problem of having too much choice. |
【推荐3】Chinese restaurants began to open in America in the mid-19th century, mainly on the west coast where the first immigrants landed. They mostly served an Americanized version of Cantonese cuisine, chop suey, egg fu yung and the like. In that century and much of the 20th,the immigrants largely came from China's south-east, mainly Guangdong province.
After the immigration reforms of 1965, Chinese migrants from other regions started to arrive. Restaurants began calling their food "Hunan” and “Sichuan". Though their food rarely resembled what was actually eaten in those regions, it was more diverse and boldly spiced than the sweet, fried stuff that defined the earliest Chinese menus. By the 1990s adventurous diners in cities with sizeable Chinese populations could choose from a variety of regional cuisines. A particular favorite was Sichuan food, with its addictively numbing fire due to peppercorn.
Yet over the decades, as Chinese food became universal, it also came to be standardized. There are almost three times as many Chinese restaurants in America (41,000)as McDonald's. Virtually every small town has one. And generally the menus are consistent: pork dumplings (steamed or fried);the same two soups(hot and sour, wonton);stir-fries listed by main ingredient, with a pepper icon or star indicating a slight trace of chilli-flakes. Dishes over$10 are grouped under "chef's specials".
Until recently, the prices varied as little as the menus and they were low. Eddie Huang, a Taiwanese-American restaurateur, recalls how his newly-arrived father kept his prices down because" immigrants can't sell anything full-price in America."
Americans have traditionally been willing to pay through the nose at French or Italian joints (where, in fact, Latinos often do most of the cooking).And every city has its pricey sushi bars and expensive tapas restaurants(tapas, as one joke goes, is Spanish for"$96 and still hungry").
Mr. Huang is right that Americans have long expected Chinese food to be cheap and filling. One step up from the urban takeaway, with its fluorescent lighting, is the Chinese restaurant with its red doors and fake lions standing guard, exotic enough to be special, but still affordable enough for a family to visit once a week when nobody feels like cooking. Even the superior outlets were cheap for what they served.
But now things are changing. Mr. Huang sells delicious stuffed buns in New York and Los Angeles for$5.50 each and encourages other immigrants not to undervalue their work.
Meanwhile, although racism persists, the previous discrimination of earlier ages has been fading. Since the Chinese-American population is six times what was 40 years ago, Americans overall are much more familiar with Chinese people and their cooking, all of which means that the new fancy breed of Chinese restaurants draws a heartening mix of Chinese and non-Chinese diners.
1. We can learn from the first three paragraphs that_A.Cantonese cuisine was well received by Americans in the 19th century |
B.Those so-called Hunan or Sichuan food in America tasted just as what was actually eaten in those regions |
C.Nowadays Chinese restaurants are almost twice more than McDonald's in America |
D.Americans prefer Hunan food because they have been addicted to peppercorn |
A.Americans have long expected Chinese food to be cheap and filling. |
B.Earlier immigrants couldn't sell anything full-price in America. |
C.Americans prefer French and Italian food. |
D.Chinese restaurants face fierce price competition from other restaurants. |
A.In order of importance. |
B.In order of place. |
C.In order of time. |
D.In order of position. |
A.Immigration on a plate. |
B.Americans' favourite cuisine. |
C.Prejudice against Chinese immigrants. |
D.Route to success. |