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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:398 题号:12088490

Global warming does more than just kill plant species — it also changes the way plants grow. Researchers at Martin Luther University Halle — Wittenberg(MLU) joined forces with the Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry(IPB) to discover the molecular (分子) process of plant growth. In Current Biology, a scientific journal, they presented their findings on high-temperature plant growth. This could lead to developing plants that can survive global warming.

Plants react to even small temperature changes, but they are unable to move to new locations. “When temperatures rise, plants grow taller ... to cool themselves off. Their stems become taller, and their leaves become narrower and grow farther apart. Yet, this makes the plant more unstable overall,” explains Professor Marcel Quint, an agricultural scientist at MLU. Unstable plants bend faster in the rain and produce less food that’s also less nutritious.

There’s still lots to learn about plant reactions to temperatures. “We are just starting to understand how plants feel the changes in temperature ...,” Quint says. Earlier studies have shown that the protein (蛋白质) PIF4 directly controls plant growth and is also dependent on temperature. When it’s cold, PIF4 is less active, meaning the plant doesn’t grow. At higher temperatures, PIF4 activates growth-promoting genes, and the plant grows taller. This is new information, says Quint.

To understand it, they studied the growth of thale cress (拟南芥) seedlings. Normally, its seedlings form short stems at 20℃. These stems become much longer at 28℃. They discovered a hormone (荷尔蒙) that activates the PIF4 at high temperatures, thus producing the protein.

The findings may help to develop plants that remain stable even at high temperatures and produce many crops.

1. Why did the researchers at MLU and IPB conduct their research?
A.To study the negative effects of global warming.
B.To find out how plants help reduce global warming.
C.To observe how global warming affects plant growth.
D.To understand the ways that plants cause global warming.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Low temperatures have little impact on plants.
B.Plants prefer dry weather to rainy weather.
C.Plants are very sensitive to change in soil.
D.High temperatures reduce crop production.
3. What do we know about PIF4?
A.It mainly exists in thale cress seedlings.
B.It works differently at different temperatures.
C.It is a kind of gene that controls plant growth.
D.It is a plant hormone that works at high temperatures.
4. Who will probably benefit most from the findings?
A.Farmers.B.Teachers.
C.Researchers.          D.Environmentalists.

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【推荐1】What do you do when you are cold? Your may wrap yourself in a warm blanket and sip a cup of steaming cocoa. All animals have different ways of responding to the cold. Some animals, such as Canada geese, move to warmer climates. Others sleep for the whole winter. But the wood frog does something unusual. It freezes.

The wood frog’s ability to freeze its body is vital to its survival. The wood frog can live in extreme climates from the Appalachian Mountains, across much of Canada, and into Alaska. When temperatures are cold, a wood frog digs down a few inches beneath the leaves on the forest floor. As the outdoor temperature decreases, the frog’s skin freezes. For a human this would result in cold injury, or the freezing of body tissues. But the wood frog has a natural defense against the cold that is remarkable.

Special proteins inside the frog’s body freeze the water in the frog’s blood. Water forced out of the frog’s other cells freezes as well. But a special solution produced inside the frog acts like antifreeze in a car, protecting the cells.

In cold temperatures the frog’s heartbeat, breathing, and brain activity stop. Because the organs are surrounded by ice, they do not rot away (腐烂) and do not require oxygen or nutrients. In fact, about 65% of the frog freezes. The frog, however, is still alive.

The wood frog can freeze for a few days or several months at a time. It can survive temperatures as low as 18°F without damage to its body. When the temperature outside increases, the frog thaws (变暖) along with its surroundings. Water and blood begin circulating in its body again. Within a few hours its heart starts beating again. Over the next several hours, the frog slowly regains use of its legs―and hops away.

Scientists are extremely interested in the wood frog’s ability to freeze. For years they have sought ways to freeze body tissue without damaging it. They hope that in studying wood frogs they may learn better ways of preserving human organs for transplants and other medical procedures. Whether these frogs can be used to help humans or not, they certainly are amazing.

1. To survive under severe conditions, wood frogs mainly benefit from__________.
A.fallen leaves.
B.their ability to freeze.
C.the other animals in the area.
D.the temperature of their environment.
2. What can we learn about wood frogs in winter months?
A.They are not truly frozen during winter months.
B.They have a special process for storing energy.
C.They are not harmed by the body-freezing process.
D.They have a unique ability to know the temperature.
3. It can be learnt from paragraph 5 that a wood frog _________.
A.hops away before being frozen.
B.thaws faster than its surroundings.
C.uses the same amount of time to thaw as to freeze.
D.adjusts the body temperature with its surroundings.
4. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to explain _________.
A.the scientific studies that involve wood frogs.
B.how wood frogs migrate to warmer climates.
C.how wood frogs survive in unfavorable conditions.
D.the reasons scientists have been unsuccessful at freezing organs.
2021-05-28更新 | 84次组卷
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【推荐2】Though pigs may never fly, a two-year-old pig in Franschhoek, South Africa is proving they sure can paint! Meet Pigcasso, the world's first known pig artist whose masterpieces are selling for thousands of dollars to benefit Farm Sanctuary S. A. , Africa's only registered shelter for rescued farm animals.

Joanne Lefson, who saved Pigcasso from a slaughterhouse(屠宰场) two years ago, discovered the animal's artistic talent accidentally. The South African activist says, of the numerous toys presented to keep the then four-week-old piglet entertained, it was the paintbrushes that seemed to attract her the most. "They were the only thing she didn't eat," Lefson quips.

The rescuer decided to present the pig with canvas and paint and see what happened. To her delight, Pigcasso began creating works of art that can best be described as "abstract expressionism". Now weighing a hefty(重量)450 pounds, the celebrated pig, who loves to paint the area's scenic landscapes, has a dedicated "studio" at Farm Sanctuary S.A. where she resides. Lefson says, "I do not force her to paint. She paints when she wants to. "

Pigcasso's artwork, which has thus far been sold online, is currently on display at Cape Town's picturesque Victoria ~ Alfred Waterfront. Dubbed "Oink", the pop-up exhibition will run through March 5before heading to London-Paris-Berlin, and Amsterdam. Lefson says its main aim is to highlight the effect of animal agriculture on the planet and inspire change.

While Pigcasso is the first pig and first nonhuman to headline an exhibition, she is not the first animal to create masterpieces. Elephants, sea lions, and even penguins have shown similar artistic talent--in exchange for some treats, of course!

1. Which of the following shows Pigcasso is good at painting?
A.She can fly everywhere.
B.She likes all kinds of toys.
C.She is interested in the paintbrushes.
D.She enjoys eating the paintbrushes.
2. How did Lefson feel when she saw Pigcasso creating works?
A.Pleased.B.Puzzled.
C.Worried.D.Frightened.
3. What can we know from Paragraph 4?
A.Animal agriculture is important.
B.Pigcasso can make a lot of money.
C.Pigcasso will be sold online soon.
D.Pigcasso's artwork will be shown in a few cities.
4. The author mentions elephants, sea lions and penguins in Paragraph 5 to tell us that _____ .
A.they are very naughty.
B.they have artistic skills.
C.they are as strong as Pigcasso.
D.their appearances are similar to each other.
2019-04-27更新 | 69次组卷
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了槲鸫鸟,它以槲寄生和冬青树为食,是唯一一种在冬季继续歌唱的鸟类。然而,这种鸟的数量一直在下降。为了帮助它们,人们可以采取一些简单的措施,例如在花园里种植浆果灌木和树木,保持宠物猫在室内,或通过支持组织来保护它们的自然栖息地。

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Meet the Mistle Thrush

When it comes to birds associated with Christmas, the mistle thrush may not immediately spring to mind. But, with a preference for mistletoe and holly berries, as well as being one of the only birds that continues to sing throughout winter, it deserves a second look.

The mistle thrush measures 28cm in length, making it both the UK’s largest thrush species and songbird. With a long tail, yellow legs and a fat white body that’s covered with brown spots, this bird certainly has a distinctive appearance.

Sadly, your chances of spotting one in the wild are slim as its population has been in decline since the 1970s -between 1995 and 2010, England lost a third of its native mistle thrushes, and numbers are still plummeting. It’s thought that a high infant death rate could be to blame, as well as other factors such as loss of habitat.

The Woodland Trust is working hard to save the mistle thrush, but if it is to truly flourish in this country again, the charity needs your help.

THE MISTLE THRUSH FACT FILE


Common Name: Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus)
Family: Turdidae (thrushes)
Habitat: woodland, parks and gardens
Diet: berries, earthworms, slugs and insects
Predators: cats, foxes and birds of pray
Not to be confused with: the song thrush, which is much smaller

HOW TO HELP

There are a few simple steps you can take to make your garden a safe space for these endangered birds, such as planting berry bushes and only trimming (修剪) them every few years so that they produce a lot of fruit. You could also plant holly, yew, ivy and crab apple trees, all of which provide food and shelter for the mistle thrush. These birds are extremely territorial when it comes to food, and they often work together to protect their food from competitors, so where there’s one, others are likely to follow.

If you have mistle thrushes visiting your outdoor space, another way you can help is by keeping pet cats indoors, as they are predators of many garden birds.

What’s more, by supporting the Woodland Trust, you’ll be helping the organization to raise awareness about the threats facing the mistle thrush and continue its efforts to protect and restore its natural habitat, as well as creating new spaces for it to live.

1. Which of the following statements is true of the mistle thrush?
A.It arrives in England around Christmas.B.It is much smaller than the song thrush.
C.It feeds mainly on plants and vegetables.D.It looks quite different from other birds.
2. What can people do to protect the mistle thrush?
A.Follow one of the birds at a time.B.Keep cats away from the garden.
C.Donate money to the Woodland Trust.D.Trim berry bushes as often as possible.
3. You can probably find this article_____________.
A.on a Wildlife and Conservation websiteB.in a BBC Gardeners’ World magazine
C.in a Nature Photography magazineD.in a traveler’s birdwatching blog
2023-11-25更新 | 52次组卷
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