Why do people lie? Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood. There are various reasons why children make false statements. They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past. Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents. If parents fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories, then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.
Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends. This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become attractive and acceptable to other people. In some cases, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.
As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits. Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed. People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines（截止日期） and if they fail to achieve and do their tasks efficiently. Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home. The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character. Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological（病态的） lying.
Pathological lying is a mental health condition, which is linked with individuals who have the strong wish to tell untruthful statements. Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything. These individuals lie to meet the standards of other people who they want to please.
These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure. One of the best ways of treating pathological liars（撒谎者） is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times. This may be hard for them, but as they are used to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.
1. The underlined word "reprimand" in Paragraph 1 means "_____".| A．satisfy | B．criticize | C．discourage | D．praise |
| A．avoid being punished | B．fool other people |
| C．attract others' attention | D．satisfy others |
| A．mental health problems | B．the habit of telling lies |
| C．the desires to become acceptable | D．the wish to please others |
| A．To show some typical examples of pathological lying. |
| B．To predict the future consequences of pathological lying. |
| C．To analyze the causes and development of pathological lying. |
| D．To list a group of phenomena of pathological lying. |
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【推荐1】Humans spend about one third of their lives sleeping. But some mammals (哺乳动物), like the northern elephant seal, survive with much less sleep.
Researchers in a new study described the unusual sleep pattern of these ocean animals. They found that when these mammals go to feed on trips that can last seven months, they sleep just two hours each day. Those two hours of sleep are made up of short moments of rest lasting only 10 minutes each as they dive deep to avoid predators (捕食者). The only other mammals known to get so little sleep are African elephants.
The researchers placed a head covered with sensors on the heads of the seals that they studied. The sensors recorded sleep signals created by the seals’ brains and heart rate. The sensors also recorded the animals’ location and depth beneath the sea.
The researchers studied female seals because they go out on long open-ocean trips while males feed in coastal waters.
During dives lasting about 30 minutes, the seals went into a deep sleep called slow-wave sleep while keeping a controlled downward movement. When they then experienced rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, the seals fell into a turning pattern. Then, at the deepest point of their sleeping dive — up to 377 meters deep — they wake up and swim back to the surface.
Terrie Williams is a scientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz who helped write the study. She said, “It is remarkable that a wild animal will fall into deep, paralytic REM sleep when there are predators on the hunt.” She added that the seals solve this problem by going into deep sleep in the deep parts of the oceans where predators usually do not hunt them.
Williams said the brain’s ability to control awakening the sleeping seals at a depth before they drown is also a discovery about how mammalian brains work. She commented on this saying that it shows the survival control of the seals’ brains.
1. Why did researchers study female elephant seals?| A．They are easier to fix with sensors. | B．They are more friendly to humans. |
| C．They are more convenient to follow. | D．They have a wider range of activities. |
| A．Falling into deep sea. | B．Swimming fast in the sea. |
| C．Rushing back to the surface. | D．Escaping from their hunters. |
| A．They hunt more foods. | B．They avoid being hunted. |
| C．They get completely relaxed. | D．They control their sleep patterns. |
| A．Different Animals Need Different Sleep |
| B．Elephant Seals’ Short Sleep Makes Them Survive |
| C．Elephant Seals Sleep Only Two Hours a Day |
| D．Male and Female Elephant Seals Feed in Different Areas |
【推荐2】Some games fade into near irrelevance, while others pass the test of time and continue to be enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. Bingo is a hugely entertaining game played all over the world and it has been around for roughly five centuries. It’s impossible to tell the exact time the game was invented, but rough estimations place its birth around 1530. The first players to enjoy this game were those who often went to the II Gioco del Lotto d’ Italia(意大利彩票)and it quickly became available in France.
Bingo is now available at online bingo sites listed at bingosites, net and people enjoy it on virtual and real currency. Back in the day, it wasn’t necessarily a game played for profit, but rather a pleasant pastime with multiple uses. Few people know that bingo was used as an educational tool in Germany at the turn of the 18th century. Children had more fun playing this game while learning about multiplication tables and spelling, and in this country, the name was called Tombola,
Bingo was one of the last games to be added to the portfolios of online casinos (赌场), well after slots, table games, and video pokers. Players were reluctant to switch from brick — and — mortar locations to online bingo rooms. Bingo is a game that fosters social interactions and in the absence of this key ingredient, it is far less exciting to play on real or virtual currency. Internet bingo rooms were able to address this concern by developing chat features allowing gamers to talk to each other while playing. Online bingo rooms are now licensed and regulated, so players can sign up for an account, make a deposit and gamble securely. The license gives them peace of mind, as they know that they don’t break any laws by playing the game on real money. Another reason online bingo is so popular is that you can try the game for free using the virtual currency which is replenished indefinitely. Mobile devices are also ideal for playing the game, with all that is needed being an Internet connection.
1. What is intended to be stressed in the first paragraph?| A．Bingo’s popularity. | B．Bingo’s development. |
| C．Bingo’s mystery. | D．Bingo’s invention. |
| A．Critical. | B．Skeptical. |
| C．Positive. | D．Unclear. |
| A．Boring online rooms. | B．Lack of communication. |
| C．Absence of real money. | D．Popularity of physical bingo locations. |
| A．Bingo — An educational tool |
| B．Online bingo — A hit around the world |
| C．Bingo — An everlasting game |
| D．Online Bingo — A game of mobile devices |
【推荐3】Electric Shock
Injuries caused by electric shock are fairly common. When a person has received an electric shock，no one should go near him/her until the current has been turned off.
If a shock occurring at work or at home causes someone to lose consciousness（知觉）, electrical connection must be broken before anyone tries to give assistance. You should either turn off the switch at the mains or，if that is not possible，push the person away with a dry piece of wood.
Treatment of Shock
Look out for signs of shock. People who have been injured or who may have lost a lot of blood, or those who have had heart attacks, may be in deep shock. The signs to look for are faintness, paleness, a moist，sticky skin, shallow, rapid breathing and a fast but weak heartbeat.
Shock can prove fatal, and it is essential to do something to prevent its developing. The best way to treat or prevent shock is to keep the patient lying down , better with the legs higher than the head；if possible，raise the lower part of the body on a rolled-up packet or similar object. Make the patient as comfortable as possible，loosening any tight clothing，and comfort him/her because fright increases the effects of shock.
1. What would happen if you didn’t turn off the current when you had to treat an unconscious person who had just received an electric shock?| A．He would regain his consciousness soon. |
| B．He would die soon. |
| C．Electrical connection would be broken. |
| D．You would be in danger of getting the shock yourself. |
| A．Picture 2. Electric Shock; Picture 3. Treatment of Shock |
| B．Picture 1. Electric Shock; Picture 4. Treatment of Shock |
| C．Picture 4. Electric Shock; Picture 2. Treatment of Shock |
| D．Picture 3. Electric Shock; Picture 1. Treatment of Shock |
【推荐1】When I was seven my father gave me a Timex ,my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（装置）tell the time—which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, others-apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to £250,000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions-but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 meters into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains: a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family: a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments”（投资）. A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350,000,while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15.000 to £30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood times.
1. The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they ______.| A．have other devices to tell the time | B．think watches too expensive |
| C．prefer to wear an iPod | D．have no sense of time |
| A．people dive 300 meters into the sea |
| B．expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones |
| C．cheap cars don’t run as fast ns expensive ones |
| D．expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell |
| A．Timex or Rolex? | B．My Childhood Timex |
| C．Watches? Not for Me! | D．Watches—a Valuable Collection |
【推荐2】What prevents certain individuals from acknowledging their mistakes, regardless of the situation? Why do they struggle to apologize, even when it’s clear they’re at fault? For them, the act of admitting wrongdoing and apologizing poses a significant psychological threat.
People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of. low self-worth. When their delicate ego (自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong,
Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people's defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.
The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them.
| A．their defense mechanisms kick in |
| B．But the sad reality is that we can never win |
| C．There can be various obstacles in our way of doing what is right |
| D．taking responsibility for their mistakes can actually be seen as a sign of strength |
| E．That's because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down |
| F．Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self |
| G．It means acknowledging they've hurt someone, potentially triggering feelings of shame after all |
The next time you find yourself negotiating a promotion or job offer, it might pay to look past the job title and explore the specific responsibilities that will be yours alone.
That's the conclusion of a new research paper from a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor, Nathan Wilmers, who examined the question of why salaries often differ between people with the same job titles in the same organization.
Wilmers found that even within roles with the same job title, employees who managed to claim specific job tasks unique to the organization typically had an advantage in pay. Workers who possessed these specific skills and responsibilities, which Wilmers referred to as “job turf”, typically earned 5% more than colleagues with the same job description, even when controlling for past experience, education and gender.
Wilmer findings on job turf echo a conclusion.
| A．This poses a challenge to typical ideas of solidarity. |
| B．It often comes up in academic research on social networks in organizations. |
| C．Perhaps the most effective way to gain job turf is to stay in a job. |
| D．The results suggest that workers who are able (and willing) to identify and claim specific skills within their job description end up with a slight pay advantage over their peers. |
| E．What you actually do at work has some relationship with your earnings, even if your job title isn't changing. |
| F．Claiming job turf gives an employee an advantage when it comes to job security, because they become harder to replace with a colleague or new hire. |
【推荐1】As the politicians made clear at last month’s COP26 (United Nations Climate Change
Conference), in Glasgow, now is the time to act on climate change. We need to cut carbon emissions, and knowing this, it is easy to be bleak: Can we really remake society to be much greener than it is now?
Strangely, I’m feeling optimistic. Especially compared to if you’d asked me a few years ago. And that’s mostly because of one factor: Batteries. It isn’t obvious but over the last decade or so, just as we’ve watched our computers get faster and screens get thinner, batteries have dramatically improved too.
According to the European Patent Office, the number of battery patents filed grew by an average of 14 per cent every year between 2005 and 2018, which means battery innovation is exploding. Energy storage is getting better, as more companies are discovering new chemistry and process to make them work more efficiently.
And the results of their work are astonishing. According to Bloomberg, energy density—the amount of power that can be stored in the same sized battery—has tripled in the last decade. And the cost of batteries has dramatically fallen too.
Today, battery power per kilowatt hour costs around only 10 per cent of what it did a decade ago. And the expectation is that the costs will continue to fall, both as battery chemistry improves and because manufacturing on a massive scale makes the production of individual batteries cheaper.
Given how much technology has improved batteries over the last decade, I can’t help but be strangely optimistic about the future. Batteries may not be as flashy as phones, rockets or other new technologies. But when it comes to technology to fight climate change, they’re definitely leading the charge.
1. Which is closest in meaning to “bleak ”in Paragraph 1?| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Neutral. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Because the storage of a battery has increased greatly. |
| B．Because our computer technology is developing very fast. |
| C．Because the chemical properties of the battery are improved. |
| D．Because battery chemistry and production are advancing. |
| A．By quotation. | B．By experiment. | C．By comparison. | D．By classification. |
| A．How battery technology can fight climate change. |
| B．How we can make the society greener than now. |
| C．What makes the battery industry develop quickly. |
| D．Why batteries are becoming cheaper and more efficient. |
【推荐2】Alpha, Beta, Delta... these Greek letters used to only appear in our math classes but are now in use in news headlines.
Now, it’s Lambda. As the Delta variant (变 体) spreads throughout communities in Asia, Europe and the United States, another variant, Lambda, is spreading rapidly throughout South America, Forbes reported on Aug 10.
On May 31, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a naming system for variants of COVID-19 that uses letters of the Greek alphabet (字母表). Before that, the public had to call a variant its scientific name or refer to it based on where it was identified.
For example, a variant of COVID-19 identified in South Africa in late 2020 was called variant 501Y.V2 or B.1.351. Media also called the same virus “the South African variant”. Now, everyone calls it “Beta”.
Compared to complicated scientific names, the Greek letters are much easier to remember. “It is a lot easier for a radio newsreader to say ‘Delta’ than bee-one-six-one-seven-two,” Jeffrey Barrett, a UK statistical geneticist told Nature.
WHO hopes this change will help stop the stigma (污名) associated with geography-based names. “I can understand why people just call it ‘the South African variant’ — they don’t mean anything by it,” Salim Abdool Karim, an epidemiologist in South Africa, told Nature. “The problem is, if we allow it to continue, some ill-intentioned people may take advantage of it.” “No country should be stigmatized for detecting and reporting variants,” Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO’s COVID-19 technical lead, wrote on Twitter.
As the virus is still evolving, 11 variants have been named so far. What if the 24 Greek letters are not enough? “We will possibly run out of the Greek alphabet, but we’re already looking at the next series of names,” Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph. “We’re actually considering star constellations(星座).”
Currently, the Virus Evolution Working Group and WHO’s legal team are double checking proposals to “make sure we don’t upset anyone with these names”, Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph.
1. What do Lambda and Delta have in common?| A．They are both chosen by Greek scientists. |
| B．They are both confusing to understand. |
| C．They are both Greek names of varieties of COVID-19. |
| D．They are both the places where COVID-19 was found. |
| A．The virus should be named after the place where it is found and spread. |
| B．No country should detect or study COVID-19 without WHO’s permission. |
| C．People felt uncomfortable when they call COVID-19 “the South African variant”. |
| D．Some people with bad intention may judge other countries reporting COVID-19. |
| A．Because the naming system in use is not convenient. |
| B．Because the variants may outnumber the Greek letters. |
| C．Because people are more curious about star constellations. |
| D．Because it is illegal to rename the variants with letters. |
| A．To introduce new ways of renaming COVID-19 varieties. |
| B．To describe how scientists identified the varieties of COVID-19. |
| C．To explain why some people prefer geography-based names. |
| D．To arouse people’s awareness of more COVID-19 varieties. |
| A．Science. | B．Travel. |
| C．Sports. | D．First Aid. |
【推荐3】The so-called “Death Road”, the old road to Yungas, was built in 1930. For almost 80 years, it was the only road connecting La Paz, these at of Bolivia’s government, with the north of the country, which meant it saw heavy traffic 24 hours a day. The road saw about 200 accidents and 300 deaths per year between 1999 and 2003. It was deadly for people because it was a very narrow dirt road, with 100-meter drop-offs(落差) in some places.
The road wasn’t any better for Bolivia’s non-human inhabitants. For an animal, the busy road could also be considered a “Death Road”. The road did harm to animals both directly and indirectly, like the increase in chemical pollution, the displacement(迁移) of them, and changes in behavior as animals were troubled by too much noise. Thousands of birds and mammals(哺乳动物) were killed by the passing cars, buses or trucks each year.
Everything changed in 2007 with the opening of the Cotapata-Santa Barbara highway, a part of which can replace(代替) the role of the Death Road. The new road is a wide asphalt modern road with railings.
This has made things much safer on the old road for humans. As traffic on the road decreased by 90%, deaths and accidents fellas well. Now people mainly use the road for activities of ecotourism(生态旅游) like mountain biking and bird watching. Wildlife has come back and the old road has turned from road of death to road of life.
Bolivia is also trying to make its still trafficked roads safer for animals and develop ways corridors along roads. The country is working to make sure there are wildlife corridors along roads.
1. Why was the old road deadly for people?| A．It was in poor condition. |
| B．The traffic was poorly managed. |
| C．People were killed by wild animals. |
| D．The environment was badly polluted by buses. |
| A．It did harm to birds’ hearing. |
| B．They moved to places far from the road. |
| C．They became more likely to harm humans. |
| D．It caused them to act differently from before. |
| A．It has been widened. |
| B．It has been completely given up. |
| C．Wildlife corridors have been built along it. |
| D．Ecotourism has been developing along it. |
| A．New Rules Are Making Sure of Safer Roads |
| B．Bolivia’s Death Road Turned into Road of Life |
| C．Road Building Is Doing Harm to the Environment |
| D．A Dirt Road Was Replaced by a Modern Highway |
A young man whose good looks and innocent smile have turned him into an internet celebrity has brought a surge in interest in his hometown among tourists.
Ctrip, an online travel agency, said that after a video of Tamdrin, a 20-year-old ethnic Tibetan man from Litang county in Sichuan province's Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture, became popular online recently, the number of searches for Litang increased quickly.
Hua Chunying, a spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry, featured Tamdrin in three tweets in a row on her Twitter account on Monday. “The channel of Sicfiuan TV has a new ‘anchor’, Tamdrin, who broadcasts news in his native Tibetan language as a guest,” she wrote. “Tamdrin recently became a social media star after a photo of his bright, sunny and innocent smile had become popular.” She also posted a short clip of Tamdrin riding a horse and introducing himself in subtitling: “They call me ‘prince on a horse’. The happiest thing for me is to race horses with my brothers. Tm really good at horse racing and often rank first in our village. ”
Tamdrin has now been hired by Litang Culture Tourism and Sport Investment Development Co. to promote tourism for the county. Du Dongdong, the company’s general manager, told China Central Television he hoped the young man could grow and develop alongside local tourism, which has just started to take off.
Tamdrin said in a CCTV interview that he didn’t know why he had become so well-known, but he was happy that so many people knew of him, and he was excited to help people learn more about his hometown. He added that he planned to learn many things and hoped he would do well in his work for the company. "At the same time, I still want to race horses and continue to be a champion,” he said in Tibetan.
1. What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Rise. | B．Flow. | C．Decrease | D．Movement. |
| A．Sichuan TV is in urgent need of a Tibetan broadcaster now. |
| B．A social media star should look good with innocent smiles. |
| C．Hua Chunying supports the positive energy Tamdrin shows. |
| D．A short clip of Tamdrin riding a horse makes him popular. |
| A．promote the culture of horse racing. | B．set an example for Internet celebrities. |
| C．speak for the tourism of his hometown. | D．act as an image ambassador of the company. |
| A．Confident. | B．Nervous. | C．Proud. | D．Cheerful. |
City College Union Company
Secretary/Typist
The Union is a student-run organization with a permanent staff of 20. Typing speed: at least 60 wpm.
The ability to take shorthand dictation and a working knowledge of filling procedures are essential requirements.
The basic salary for the position is $ 18,500 per year.
Enquires to R. Barbar 387-5075.
Emu Airline
Secretary
Emu Airline is now offering a part-time position for a secretary.
The position offers at least 20 hours’ work a week, with a view to full-time work in the future. Monthly salary is about $ 1,400.
Phone 899-3264 for an appointment.
Word Processor
Operator (full-time)
We need an operator to work in an office associated with the building industry. Only experienced operators are expected to apply.
Starting salary: $ 17,950 yearly.
Apply in writing to: the Personnel Officer Hill Morgan Pty Ltd 38 Green Hill Rd.
Sewing Machinist Wanted
Jeans Industry
We are an expanding clothing company located south of the city. Our products include jeans, skirts, shorts and so on. We are looking for sewing machine operators.
The factory works a 38-hour week over 4-5 days. Wages for this are $ 18,050 per year.
If you are interested, come over and pick up an application form from Ripper Jeans, 23 North Ave, Beaudesert.
1. What do these four advertisements have in common?
| A．Each of them is commented by their manager. |
| B．They are located in the south of the same city. |
| C．Their companies are introduced in detail. |
| D．They all want people in the proper position. |
| A．ability of organization. |
| B．knowledge about filling the form. |
| C．typing skill. |
| D．writing rapidly. |
| A．its promising future. |
| B．its free flying. |
| C．its good salary. |
| D．its nice working conditions. |
| A．visit. | B．fax. |
| C．phone. | D．email. |
Canada Apprentice (学徒) Loan Basics  The Canada Apprentice Loan is available to help registered Red Seal apprentices cover the cost of their training. What you need to know ●The Government of Canada offers apprentices registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program up to $4,000 per period of technical training. ●You can get Canada Apprentice Loans for up to 5 periods of technical training. ●Your loan will be interest-free for up to 6 years as long as you are confirmed as being registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program. ●You do not have to make any loan payments as long as your loan is in interest-free status. Eligibility(资格) To be eligible, you must meet all of these criteria: ●be a Canadian Citizen, Permanent Resident, or Protected Person； ●be registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program that is designated by the province or territory where you are registered as an apprentice； ●be enrolled in block release technical training or the equivalent fulltime technical training with an approved technical training provider; ●pass a credit check (required if you are applying for the first time). You are not eligible if you: ●are a high school student； ●are an apprentice registered in the province of Quebec； ●are receiving a Canada Student Loan for the same technical training； ●have been told that you are restricted from receiving a Canada Apprentice Loan or a Canada Student Loan； ●have already received funding for 5 periods of technical training； ●have already received 6 years of interest-free status. |
1. Who will fail to get Canada Apprentice Loans according to the passage?
| A．An apprentice who used to study in the province of Quebec. |
| B．An apprentice who got the Canadian Citizenship three years ago. |
| C．An apprentice who is looking for an approved technical training provider. |
| D．An apprentice who has been funded for technical training three times. |
| A．You can get the loan without paying the interest. |
| B．You can totally get the loan of $20,000 in 5 periods. |
| C．You should be registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program. |
| D．You have to make some loan payment even though your loan is in interest-free status. |
| A．promote the business of Canadian banks |
| B．help students in need complete their studies |
| C．recruit more apprentices for Canadian companies |
| D．provide apprentices with fund to receive technical training |
