Bacteria are the one of the main food poisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care.
KEEP FOOD HOT
High food temperatures (165°F to 212°F) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140°F to 165°F. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours.
When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply.
To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules:
• Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone.
• Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete.
• Cooking frozen food - Allow frozen food more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻).
1. At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest?| A．40ºC~ 60ºC. | B．60ºF~125ºF. | C．40ºC~ 140ºC. | D．125ºF~140ºF. |
| A．hot food should not be left out over two hours. |
| B．frozen food should be thawed with a microwave oven. |
| C．raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71ºF. |
| D．steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough. |
| A．The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough. |
| B．High food temperatures above 74ºC destroy most poisoning bacteria. |
| C．Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures. |
| D．Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong. so take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
1. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?| A．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken. |
| B．Milk, bread, cabbages and beef. |
| C．Corn, fish, cream and pork. |
| D．Rice, beancurd (豆腐), apples, fish and chicken. |
| A．Going to school without any breakfast |
| B．Eating fish and chips for supper all the time. |
| C．Having at least one food from all four groups each meal. |
| D．Having different food from all four food groups. |
| A．every person needs food to grow well |
| B．taking exercise can keep your body strong |
| C． the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy |
| D． enough energy helps people think more quickly |
| A．The Four Food Groups | B．A Healthy Diet |
| C．Your Body And Food | D．Food And Your Health |
【推荐2】We often wake up in the middle of the night with our mouths feeling dry even if we have drunk some water before going to bed. Feeling thirsty in the middle of the night has something to do with a lack of water.
First of all, take a good look at how many glasses of water you’ve really drunk during the day.
It’s not just what you drink during the day that influences your thirst at night.
A good solution for nightly thirst is to drink enough water during the day and to avoid salty foods as much as you can. Also, prepare yourself by placing a big glass of water by your side before going to bed.
| A．That results in your losing more water |
| B．The smartest way is to go to see a doctor |
| C．Food you eat can also be very influential |
| D．You don’t take a lot of coffee in the daytime |
| E．You’ve really drunk eight glasses during the day |
| F．This will help you fall asleep again more quickly after drinking |
| G．Yet there are many different reasons why you’re feeling so thirsty |
【推荐3】If you’ve ever tried to lose weight and found that the pounds won’t come off easily or they come back soon, you are not alone. Here we won’t tell you how to lose weight or whether you even need to. We will tell you how the energy burn occurs in your body.
The energy burn occurs in three main ways: to keep you alive, which accounts for about 55% of the total energy you burn; to digest what you eat and turn it into energy, about 10% of the energy you burn; to move around, which makes up about 30% of your energy burn. In other words, purposeful exercise is a minor player in weight loss.
There’s another problem with weight loss. When you try to lose weight, your hormones (荷尔蒙) will change your appetite. While a lot of different hormones are involved in hunger, one of them is leptin, which tells your brain when to eat and when to stop eating. As you lose weight, your leptin levels drop. Once that happens, you want to eat more.
To lose weight, what you eat, is more important than how, much you exercise. For example, it's a lot easier to cut out 600 calories by skipping a piece of chocolate cake than to burn it by running for an hour or more. However, people tend to use exercise as an excuse to “reward” themselves. When that happens, they tend to take in more calories than they burn off at the gym.
But that shouldn’t be a reason not to exercise. Just don’t do it so you can “earn” a piece of chocolate cake. There are many documented benefits to exercise that have nothing to do with weight loss, including better mood, better sleep and better blood sugar levels.
Knowing how the energy burn occurs in your body might help you decide if the stress of weight loss is worth it. If you still decide to lose weight anyway, rethink your end goal. Instead of trying to look like a magazine cover model, it is better to focus on changes that make you feel healthier.
1. What does the author say about exercise?| A．It doesn’t play an important role in weight loss. |
| B．It is just a waste of time and money for people. |
| C．It will slow down the energy burn in your body, |
| D．It has to be done on a regular basis to lose weight. |
| A．We eat more. | B．We lose appetite. | C．We fall asleep. | D．We get tired. |
| A．The importance of hormones and food. |
| B．The main ways of energy burn in our body. |
| C．The possible benefits of purposeful exercise. |
| D．The difficulty of combining exercise with diet. |
| A．To tell us how to lose weight effectively. |
| B．To study how much energy we burn each day. |
| C．To ask us to adopt a different view on weight loss. |
| D．To help us decide whether we need more exercise. |
【推荐1】Cinco de Mayo is probably the holiday most often celebrated that no one understands.
Literally (根据字面意思) “Fifth of May”, Cinco de Mayo is a Mexican Holiday celebrating the Battle of Puebla, which took place on May 5, 1862. In 1861, France sent a big army to invade Mexico, as they wanted to collect some war debts. The French army was much larger, better trained and equipped than the Mexicans struggling to defend (保卫) the road to Mexico City. The French army reached Puebla, where the Mexicans won a huge victory. The victory was short-lived, as the French army regrouped and continued, and eventually took Mexico City, but the joy of an unlikely victory against France is remembered every May fifth.
Mexico celebrates its independence on September 16, because it was on that day in 1810 that Father Miguel Hidalgo invited his people to take up arms and join him in fighting against Spanish rulers. Independence Day is a much more important holiday in Mexico. For some reason, Cinco de Mayo is celebrated more in the United States of America, by Mexicans and Americans alike, than it is in Mexico. One theory for why it is more popular in the USA is that at one time, it was celebrated in all of Mexico and by Mexicans living in former Mexican areas such as Texas and California. It was ignored in Mexico after a while but still celebrated in the north of the border, which never got out of the habit of remembering the famous battle.
In Puebla and in many American cities with large Mexican populations, there are parades, dancing and festivals. Traditional Mexican food is often served or sold. Mariachi (街头音乐) bands fill town squares, and a lot of beers are served. It’s a fun holiday, really more about celebrating the Mexican way of life than about remembering the battle which happened 156 years ago. In the USA, schoolchildren decorate their classrooms and try their hand at cooking some basic Mexican food. All over the world, Mexican restaurants bring in mariachi bands and offer specials for what’s almost certain to be a packed house.
1. According to the text, people celebrate Cinco de Mayo because ______.| A．Mexicans paid off their war debts |
| B．Mexicans succeeded in defending Mexico City |
| C．Mexicans gained independence from Spanish |
| D．Mexicans defeated the French army in Puebla |
| A．Because some American areas once belonged to Mexico. |
| B．Because Americans are influenced by Mexican culture. |
| C．Because Mexicans don’t form the habit of having a holiday. |
| D．Because many Mexicans value Independence Day. |
| A．By performing music at restaurants. |
| B．By trying making some Mexican food. |
| C．By turning the classroom into a battlefield. |
| D．By offering special gifts to their teachers. |
【推荐2】Ancient China produced many types of beautiful works of art. Among them, calligraphy, poetry and painting are the most famous. Often they would be put together in art.These became important starting with the Song Dynasty.
Calligraphy is the art of handwriting. In the old times the Chinese considered writing as an important form of art. Calligraphers would practice for years to learn to write perfectly, but with style. Each of the over 40,000 characters needed to be written correctly. And each stroke (笔画) in a character had to be written in a certain order.
Poetry is also an important form of art. Great poets were famous all over the country, and all educated people were expected to write poetry. During the Tang Dynasty poetry was so important that writing poetry was part of the examinations to become a civil servant (文官) and work for the government.
Chinese painting is often connected with calligraphy. It is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The most traditional way of Chinese painting is known as “national painting” or “native painting” which is quite different from Western painting. People can draw mountains, buildings, birds, trees and water.
1. Calligraphers needed to write over ______ characters correctly in the old times.| A．10,000 | B．20,000 |
| C．30,000 | D．40,000 |
| A．Painting. | B．Calligraphy. |
| C．Writing poetry. | D．Playing music. |
| A．Chinese art. | B．Chinese examinations. |
| C．Chinese history. | D．Chinese dynasties. |
【推荐3】New research says 35 percent of the deaths of children worldwide are caused by hunger. The research is from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Robert Black from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland was the leading writer of the research. He says more than 3.5 million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year because of hunger.
He says more than two million children die from underdevelopment, either before or after birth. Millions of others who survive face a lifetime of disabilities or early death. And the effects are not just physical. Poor brain development can limit economic success as children become adults. Then the cycle of poverty and hunger often repeats for their children.
Doctor Black says hungry children are also more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease as adults. He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. Hungry children can suffer the whole life damage from age two.
So it is high time to improve their diets. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful things. The researchers say early help like these could reduce child deaths by 25%.
The research has faced some criticism（批评）. A medical aid group says the researchers underestimate（低估）the number of child deaths from hunger. The researchers say there are findings that support this treatment but more studies are needed to compare it to hospital care.
1. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?| A．Poverty and hunger have influenced all children's lives in the world. |
| B．Hunger has some bad effects on children's physical and mental development. |
| C．Ever year over two million children die of hunger after birth. |
| D．Poverty and hunger can limit people's success. |
| A．If a child is hungry at childhood, he will be disabled in the future. |
| B．Criticism is the best medicine for hunger. |
| C．The results from the research is not satisfactory. |
| D．Generally speaking, hungry children have less chance of catching heart disease when they grow up. |
| A．Before birth. | B．Between birth and the age of two. |
| C．From age two to five. | D．Under the age of five. |
| A．Hunger—children's biggest enemy. | B．How to prevent hunger. |
| C．A latest survey about hunger all over the world. | D．Time to improve our living conditions. |
【推荐1】City College
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
All high school graduates and anyone 18 years of age or older, with or without a high school diploma, are suitable for admission. Individuals under the age of 18 who possess a high school diploma are also suitable for admission.
HOW TO ENROLL IN CREDIT COURSES
New and readmitted students must complete and hand in a credit admissions application form available online at www.ccsf.edu.
BEFORE YOU REGISTER:
● Learn about your skill level in English and Math through our assessment service;
● Attend an orientation (新生报到会) to hear about support services;
● Meet with a counselor (adviser) to select your courses;
● Find out if you are required for attending the entrance examinations.
HOW TO ENROLL IN NONCREDIT COURSES
Courses in Noncredit Programs are free of charge (no enrollment fee). For information on how to enroll in noncredit courses, click here.
PARKING
Students, faculty and staff are encouraged to use public transit. Click here for Parking Regulations.
SERVICES
City College services include a bookstore, cafeteria, health center, tutoring center, career and transfer center, counseling, financial aid, library, learning resource center, student government offices, campus police, disabled students programs and more.
1. Which kind of the following people could not be admitted into City College?| A．A high school graduate. |
| B．An adult without a high school diploma. |
| C．A sixteen boy without a high school diploma. |
| D．Anyone who possesses a high school diploma. |
| A．All new and readmitted students must take the examinations. |
| B．Those who are poor in English and Math must take the entrance examinations. |
| C．Not all the new students are required to take the entrance examinations. |
| D．The entrance examinations are free of charge. |
| A．On an education website. | B．In a newspaper advertisement. |
| C．In a tour guide. | D．In a college news report. |
【推荐2】Eight days for just ¥ 12,000
Departs： May; October 2007
Includes：
•Return flights from 6 China's airports to Naples
•Return airport to hotel transport
• Seven nights' accommodation at the 3-star Hotel Nice
•Breakfast
•The service of guides
•Government taxes
Join us for a wonderful holiday in one of the Europe's most wonderful comers一Naples in Italy if you want to have a nice time in a beautiful small quiet place. The ancient Romans called the city "happy land" with attractive coastline, colorful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea. Your best choice for a truly memorable holiday!
Choose between the peaceful traditional villages of San'Agata, set on a hillside six miles away from Sorrento, or the more lively and well-known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.
Breathtaking scenery, famous sights and European restaurants everywhere. From the mysterious Isle of Capri to the hunting ruins of Pompeii, and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts （度假胜地）of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Join us, and you won't be disappointed!
Price based on two tourists sharing a double room at the Hotel Nice. A single room, another ¥2,000. A group of ten college students, ¥ 10,000 for each.
Like to know more? Telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on : 0845—226—7788 (All calls charged at local rates).
1. All the following are included in the price of ¥ 12,000 EXCEPT _____ .| A．transport between the airport and the hotel |
| B．a double room for every two tourists |
| C．the service of guides to tourists |
| D．telephone calls made by tourists |
| A．¥ 12,000 | B．¥ 14,000 |
| C．¥2,000 | D．¥ 10,000 |
| A．Quiet people. | B．College students. |
| C．Potential tourists. | D．Old people. |
【推荐3】Terry Herbert, 55, of Staffordshire, the UK, has used a metal detector (探测器)for the past 18 years to look for treasure. He’d never found anything especially valuable. But on July 5, he made a very important discovery, which also changed the way the British look at history. In a field near his home, Herbert found a huge number of ancient artifacts. The finding was announced on September 24.
Archaeologists(考古学家) are surprised by the size of the discovery. There are more than 1,300 pieces. The discovery is much bigger than any other from the Anglo-saxon era(盎格鲁撒克逊时代)，said Roger Bland of the British Museum. Bland said some experts think treasures of this kind must have belonged to a king but they couldn’t be certain.
The artifacts are thought to date from between AD 675 and AD 725, a time that is sometimes called the Dark Ages. The time was marked by frequent fighting. The gold in the collection weighs 5 kilograms. It suggests that England at the time was richer than historians thought.
Why were the gold and silver treasures buried? Archaeologists believe it could have been to hide them from enemies, a common practice at the time.
The findings could become one of Britain’s top archaeological finds. So far, experts have looked at 1,345 pieces and there are still more to come. It may take a year to look at the whole finding.
Herbert found the treasure while he was searching in a friend’s field over five days in July. He said his discovery was more fun than winning the lottery. “This is what treasure hunters dream of, finding stuff like this. The great amount there is just unbelievable,” he said.
1. Terry Herbert used a metal detector to search for treasure because____.| A．he had researched the area and was sure there was treasure there. |
| B．he was very interested in British history. |
| C．he wanted to be an archeologist |
| D．he enjoyed searching for treasure |
| A．the treasure he found belongs to an ancient English king. |
| B．the treasure has changed people’s understanding of early English history. |
| C．the treasure is proving a big help to the British economy. |
| D．it is the find that many British treasure hunters have been hoping for years. |
| A．It might take three years for scientists to look through all of the treasure. |
| B．Ancient English people buried treasure in the fields for future use. |
| C．At the time England was a more violent and religious land than historians thought. |
| D．Herbert prefers the fun of treasure hunting over the money he will earn for his discovery. |
| A．British treasure hunter makes big find. | B．Scientists find out about the dark ages. |
| C．How to find treasures using a metal detector. | D．Archeologists win big lottery prize. |
【推荐1】UNIQUE AND WEIRD NEW YEAR EVE TRADITIONS
Germany
In some parts of Germany, they do bleigiessen, or lead （铅）pouring. Pour a dollop（团）of molten lead in cold water and whatever shape forms may be telling about the year to come. A heart shape, naturally, means love will come your way. A crown predicts wealth and fortune. A star indicates happiness. But if you see a cross in the lead? You're as good as dead!
Latin America
If you're in Latin America, make sure you have some colorful underpants to ring in the new year. End — of — the — year partiers put on colorful underwear to ensure certain types of outcomes for the following year. Red for love and yellow for success.
Naples, Italy
Neapolitans like throwing things out of windows, at least on New Year's Eve. Furniture, kitchen machines, grandma. Well, maybe not the last one. Let's hope not, anyway. This tradition is meant to symbolize an out — with — the — old gesture and getting a brand new beginning for the new year. These days people are a bit more mindful about what they toss down to the street below.
Spain
In 1909, winegrowers in the Alicante region of Spain had a brilliant idea: start and promote an annual tradition that would involve people having to buy and eat more grapes. One must cat 12 grapes on New Year's Eve to encourage prosperity for the coining year. Now, it's u popular custom in Iberia. But the problem is that one has to cat a grape for each bell strike at midnight.
1. What does a cross shape mean?| A．Love. | B．Wealth. |
| C．Happiness. | D．Misfortune. |
| A．They hate using furniture. |
| B．They throw their grandma out of windows. |
| C．They are more careful about what to throw. |
| D．They like making gestures in front of the window. |
| A．Germany. | B．Brazil. |
| C．Italy. | D．Spain. |
【推荐2】Los Angeles is more than just sunshine, sea, and Hollywood stars. It happens to have a world-class art scene, as major museums exhibit masterpieces that you've probably seen prints of in suburban houses and urban loft apartments. Here are the best art museums in Los Angeles.
▪The Broad
One of LA’s newest art museums, The Broad is the collection of Eli and Edythe Broad. The 2,000-strong collection of paintings and sculptures were all created after World War II and artists represented here include Andy Warhol, Barbara Kruger, and Cindy Sherman. Be sure to build in some time to wait in line to get the chance to be surprised at Yayoi Kusama's amazing mirror rooms. Located in Downtown LA, the museum is free of charge for visitors.
221 S. Grand St. , Los Angeles
▪Getty Center
The Getty, as locals call it, got the art worlds ( and everyone else's) attention when the institution opened up a white, hilltop museum designed by Richard Meier in 1997. Visitors access it via railway and then can explore the campus, taking in the views of the Pacific Ocean on one side and Downtown LA on the other. The collection isn't as strong as other top art institutions in LA but works by Van Gogh, Titian, and Renoir should please the art lover.
1200 Getty Center Dr. , Los Angeles
▪Hammer Museum
Located in Westwood and with the help of nearby UCLA, the Armand Hammer Museum exhibits a nice collection of contemporary art. Artists，work here includes that of Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, and Suzanne Lacy.
10899 Wilshire Blvd. ,Los Angeles
▪Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA)
The largest art museum in the western United States, LACMA boasts a collection of 150,000 pieces of art which include all of a thousand years7 time. Well-known artists from every period and part of the world are represented here. Highlights include works by Constantin Brancusi, Matthew Barney, Frank Stella, Titian, Rembrandt, and Monet, among many others.
5905 Wilshire Blvd. ,Los Angeles
1. Which of the following is free for visitors?| A．Getty Center. | B．Hammer Museum. |
| C．Los Angeles County Museum of Art. | D．The Broad. |
| A．By air. | B．By train. | C．By ship. | D．On foot. |
| A．Art works of the present time. | B．Exhibits of nearby UCLA. |
| C．A long history of itself. | D．Art works of American artists. |
【推荐3】Summer Leadership Programs for High School Students
Do you see yourself as a leader? Strong leadership skills are a great way to set yourself apart on a college application as well as in your future career. Below are four summer programs that will give you a head start on improving your leadership abilities. And if you know of another worthwhile leadership program, share it with other readers using the link at the bottom of the page.
The Brown Leadership Institute
Brown University's pre-college summer programming includes The Brown Leadership Institute, a two-week leadership training session for motivated and intellectually curious 9th through l2th graders. The program aims to apply leadership skills to social issues. Through case studies. group projects. field trips, and discussions and debates, students examine complicated global issues and learn to come up with effective solutions. Students also create and bring home an action plan, attempting to resolve a long-term issue that they care about.
Leadership in the Business World
Rising high school seniors interested inn exploring undergraduate business administration and leadership are encouraged to apply to this program, sponsored every summer by the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Students attend lectures and presentations by Wharton faculty and guest speakers, visit successful business enterprises and work in teams to create an original business plan to be presented to a panel of experts and professionals. The month-long program is offered at both of Wharton's campuses in San Francisco and Philadelphia.
National Student Leadership Conference
Among its wide selection of summer sessions for high school students, the National Student Leadership Conference offers a five-day course on Mastering Leadership. It includes a series of interactive workshops that emphasize the Pillars of Effective Leadership", including goal-setting, group brainstorming. team building, people-convincing communication, and community service, as well as taking field trips, meeting with leadership professionals, and completing a day of service in the local community. Dates and locations vary.
Students Today Lenders Forever
Students Today Leaders Forever, a national non. profit student leadership association, offers this live-in summer experience for high school students entering grades 9-12. Students participate in leadership workshops and team-building activities with a focus on organization, teamwork, communication, and an overall commitment to effecting positive change. There are two six-day sessions hosted on the campuses of Hamline University.
1. Students who have strong leadership skills__________.| A．can get admitted to college without application as a necessary part |
| B．may distinguish themselves from others when applying for colleges |
| C．will achieve quite a different success in their future life |
| D．can separate themselves from others in their future work |
| A．The Brown Leadership Institute. |
| B．Leadership in the Business World. |
| C．National Student Leadership Conference. |
| D．Students Today Leaders Forever. |
| A．Attend two six-day sessions. |
| B．Participate in a day of community service. |
| C．Present a creative business plan with good teamwork |
| D．Take several field trips. |
| A．All the four programs provide field trips. |
| B．All the four programs are intended for 9th through 12th graders |
| C．No program offers live-in summer experience. |
| D．National Student Leadership Conference last for the shortest period of time. |
| A．A high school newspaper. | B．A university guide book, |
| C．A website | D．A teens magazine |
