Here’s an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.
For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch(疫苗贴) in a human clinical(临床的) and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection（注射）. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized(免疫的) against the flu.
Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with an alternative method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny neddles on a patch are very small. Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.
None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The group that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they’d rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.
The biggest beneficiaries(受益人) could be people in low- and middle- income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less, is easier to transport, doesn’t reqire refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles- are even better.
“Microneedle patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.
1. What is the passage mainly about?| A．A vaccine patch that cures people of their flu. |
| B．A clinical study that protects people from disease. |
| C．A patch that makes flu shots a thing of the past. |
| D．A method that makes traditional flu shots painless. |
| A．It is prouduced by the WHO. | B．It causes slight side effect. |
| C．It delivers vaccine to the little finger. | D．It works badly on people. |
| A．it is provided free of charge | B．it can be used without a doctor |
| C．it can be kept at room temperature | D．it needs less care in transportation |
| A．Disappointed. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Concerned. | D．Unacceptable. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Professors at the University of California San Diego have developed microrobots, which can be a potential treatment for life-threatening cases of bacterial pneumonia, a serious disease affecting lungs and making breathing difficult. In mice, the microrobots safely removed pneumonia-causing bacteria in the lungs and resulted in 100% survival while untreated mice all died within three days after infection.
The microrobots are made of algae (藻类) cells whose surfaces are covered with substances that are filled with antibiotics (抗生素). The algae provides movement, which allows the microrobots to swim around and make antibiotics go directly to more bacteria in the lungs, helping absorb bacteria and clear them of infected cells. This give the microrobots the ability to reduce bacterial infection, which in turn makes them more effective at fighting lung infection.
The work is a joint effort by engineering professors Joseph and Zhang Liangfang. Together, they have pioneered the development of tiny drug-delivering robots that can be safely used in live animals to treat bacterial infections in the stomach and blood. Treating bacterial lung infection is the latest in their line of work.
“In the traditional treatment, sometimes only a very small number of antibiotics will get into the lungs. That’s why many current antibiotic treatments for pneumonia don’t work as well as needed,” said Victor Nizet, a co-worker of Joseph and Zhang “Based on these mouse data, we see that the microrobots could potentially improve the use of antibiotics to kill bacteria and save more patients’ lives.”
The work is still at the proof-of-concept stage. The team plans to do more basic research to understand exactly how the microrobots interact with the immune system (免疫系统). Next steps also include studies to confirm the effectiveness of the microrobot treatment before testing it in larger animals and eventually, in humans. “We’re pushing the boundary further in the field of targeted drug delivery,” said Zhang.
1. How do microrobots work?| A．By doing targeted drug delivery. |
| B．By interacting with antibiotic-filled matter. |
| C．By producing algae cells in lungs. |
| D．By separating harmful cells from healthy ones. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Subjective. | C．Cautious. | D．Favorable. |
| A．They’ll inspire a new line of research. |
| B．They’ll help strengthen the immune system. |
| C．They’ll have a wider range of application. |
| D．They’ll be a further proof of their concept. |
| A．A scientific invention treating deadly cancers. |
| B．Tiny swimming robots helping treat pneumonia. |
| C．A major breakthrough made in antibiotic research. |
| D．Microrobots employed in the engineering field. |
【推荐2】Researchers found brushing your teeth three or more times per day is linked with lower risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation—a heart condition that causes an irregular and often abnormally fast heart rate.
One possible theory behind the discovery is that frequent tooth brushing reduces bacteria living in the pocket between the teeth and gums, preventing them from entering the bloodstream. Existing studies show poor oral hygiene leads to bacteria in the blood, causing inflammation in the body. Inflammation increases the risks of irregular heartbeat and heart failure, where the heart's ability to pump blood or relax and fill with blood is weakened.
In their new research, scientists in South Korea examined the connection between oral hygiene and happening of these two conditions in a series of studies of more than 161,000 participants aged between 40 and 79.
Participants underwent a routine medical examination between 2015 and 2016 and information was collected on height, weight, laboratory tests, illnesses, lifestyle, oral health, and oral hygiene behaviors. During a follow-up of ten and a half years on average, three percent of participants developed atrial fibrillation and around five percent developed heart failure.
The lead investigator of the new study is Tae-Jin Song, a doctor and professor at Mokdong Hospital at Ewha Woman's University in Seoul, South Korea. He said, “We studied a large group over a long period, which adds strength to our findings.” But he also noted that the analysis was limited to one country and as an observational study it does not prove causation.
An accompanying editorial states: “It is certainly too early to recommend tooth brushing for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure. While the role of inflammation in the happening of heart and blood vessels' disease is becoming more and more evident, further studies are needed to explain strategies of public health importance.”
1. Which is true about frequent tooth brushing?| A．It makes the heart beat faster. | B．It rids the bloodstream of bacteria. |
| C．It reduces the risk of heart failure. | D．It weakens the heart's ability to pump blood |
| A．Inflammation and bacteria. | B．Heart failure and atrial fibrillation. |
| C．Oral hygiene and occurrence of heart failure. | D．The heart's ability to pump blood or relax. |
| A．It has its limit. | B．It's discouraging. | C．It has its variety. | D．It's unexpected. |
| A．A diary. | B．A travel brochure. | C．A novel. | D．A medical magazine. |
【推荐3】Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine.
Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain.
Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it.
However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical.
A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared.
“TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says.
Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common.
Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases.
“Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains.
According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain.
1. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain?| A．By taking enough exercise. |
| B．By visiting clinics of TCM. |
| C．By taking his friend’s medicine. |
| D．By having good rests every day. |
| A．The lack of sleep. |
| B．Endless use of Mobile phones. |
| C．Long hours’ sitting. |
| D．Enough relaxation and exercise. |
| A．Inactive. | B．Unusual. | C．Flexible. | D．Common. |
| A．The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. |
| B．An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. |
| C．The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. |
| D．The future development of Chinese acupuncture. |
【推荐1】Mother's Day is a holiday that celebrates and honors mothers in the United States. It is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It became an official holiday in the country at the start of the 20th century as a way to honor mothers whose sons had died in war.
The holiday is celebrated in a number of ways. People give mothers gifts like flowers, cards, and jewelry to thank them for all their hard work. A popular symbol of the holiday is the flower called carnation. This is because when the holiday first began in the U.S. people were encouraged to wear a red carnation if their mother was alive or a white carnation if their mother was dead. Many people take their mothers out for a special meal. In fact, Mother's Day is the most popular date in the U.S. for people to go out and eat and it is estimated that people spend billions on meals and gifts. Mother's Day is also the most popular day to make long distance calls in the U.S. It is the second most popular gift-giving day after Christmas.
Since its establishment, Mother's Day has been criticized for becoming highly financial. In fact, the founder of the U.S. holiday, Anna Jarvis, began protesting the holiday and was even arrested for disturbing the peace for a public march. Jarvis's own mother started the campaign to establish a mother's holiday during the American Civil War.
Mothers are not the only people celebrated on this day. All mother figures including grandmothers, great-grandmothers, stepmothers, and foster mothers are honored on the holiday. In schools many students make special gifts, including handmade cards. While widely recognized, Mother's Day is not a federal holiday. Many other countries around the world have their own version of Mother's Day.
1. Who was the holiday intended for at the beginning?| A．All mothers. | B．The sons giving lives in war. |
| C．All sons. | D．The mothers losing sons in war. |
| A．People give their mothers carnation flowers as gifts. |
| B．People prepare a special meal for their own mothers. |
| C．People spend too much on celebration of the holiday. |
| D．People telephone to their mothers anywhere anytime. |
| A．She criticized Mother's Day for high expenses. |
| B．She organized a public march and broke the peace. |
| C．She was strongly against her mother for the campaign. |
| D．She spent too much in celebrating the first Mother's Day. |
| A．The ways of observing Mother's Day. | B．The origin of Mother's Day. |
| C．Different opinions on Mother's Day. | D．The holiday of Mother's Day. |
【推荐2】Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van.
A small car can hold four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded. A van hold seven persons easily, so a family with three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.
Mr. Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and buy a van. In the van, the sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents'home, the suitcases are removed from the two seats which can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountain s or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
1. What kind of family is more likely to buy a van?| A．A family living in the countryside. | B．A family with much money. |
| C．A family with more than two children. | D．A family with grandparents. |
| A．They sold their second car. | B．They built a new place for a van. |
| C．They sold their old house. | D．They moved to their grandparents' house. |
| A．A motor car. | B．A motor home. | C．A motorbike. | D．A big truck. |
| A．To visit their grandparents at weekends. | B．To drive their children to school every day. |
| C．To travel with all the family members on holiday. | D．To do some shopping with all the family members. |
| A．Because some people think motor homes are cheap. |
| B．Because big families can put more things in motor homes. |
| C．Because they can take people to another city when people are free. |
| D．Because they can let families have a happier life when traveling together. |
【推荐3】We all have an idea about the common types of environmental problems. However, light pollution may be a new term to many of us. But, the fact is that it does affect mankind, other living forms and the environment as a whole.
What is light pollution? It presents all forms of misused man-made light. The obvious cause of light pollution is the use of outdoor lighting products improperly. It can be office lighting, car headlights, station lights, streetlights and many more.
Light pollution is harmful to both animals and plants. Upon studies, it is found that obvious effects are observed in the behaviour of animals that are active at night. Needless to mention, bright light at night makes it difficult for these animals to hunt, wander and perform their regular activities. Light pollution is directly or indirectly responsible for causing several diseases. Its effects are related to disturbance in the physical rhythm (节奏). It contributes to risks of developing cancerous cells. So, it’s nothing less than a threat to human health.
You have already seen the negative effects of light pollution on animals and human health. Apart from this, the actual cost of misused light is about millions of dollars every year. It also leads to the release of greenhouse gases and global warming. After all, coal or gas is used for producing electricity.
While outdoor lighting and using man-made lighting products are part of our modern lifestyle, some simple ways will surely help in reducing light pollution. For example, while installing (安装) outdoor lighting, make sure that they are pointed downwards. Also, use only the required lighting equipment for both home and offices. Believe it or not, many people living in the urban areas cannot view clear sky and stars at night. Let’s contribute our part in reducing the pollution.
1. What can we learn about light pollution?| A．It has little effect on plants. |
| B．It contributes to most cancers. |
| C．It is a negative fruit of light technology. |
| D．It affects animals’ behavior during the day. |
| A．It increases the temperature at night. |
| B．It creates clouds in parts of the Earth. |
| C．It stops the release of greenhouse gases. |
| D．It is related to the burning of coal and gas. |
| A．Forbid the use of outdoor lighting. |
| B．Use clean energy to produce electricity. |
| C．Avoid unnecessary lights at home and offices. |
| D．Reduce money spent on light in urban areas. |
| A．Citizens should be banned to install outdoor lighting. |
| B．Only simple ways can help reduce light pollution. |
| C．There is no clear sky or stars over the urban areas. |
| D．Light pollution needs to be dealt with urgently. |
【推荐1】When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn't understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laughs turned into crying.
So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing are controlled by the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.
Whatever helps us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to work well. One study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.
Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendlier and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know were very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying---holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illness. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural, healthy and emotional response.
1. It can be inferred from the text that .| A．there are two ways to keep healthy. |
| B．crying and laughing play the same roles. |
| C．crying does more good to health than laughing. |
| D．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health. |
| A．Crying is the best way to get help from others. |
| B．Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. |
| C．We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. |
| D．We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. |
| A．Why We cry | B．How to Keep Healthy |
| C．Power of Tears | D．New Scientific Discovery |
【推荐2】In Ghana, hundreds of schoolchildren are excited to go back to school, on their bamboo bikes. But these hikes aren’t just a green way of getting to classes; they are making a world of difference to students who may have not reached their schools.
Ghana Bamboo Bikes, based in Kumasi in southern Ghana, makes and sells bikes with frames (框架)made from local bamboo. The result is an eco-friendly mix that helps both children and adults avoid a long walk.
Ghana Bamboo Bikes was founded in 2009 by Dapaah and classmate Winnifred Selby after completion of her degree. “When I was in college, I decided to see how best I can do something to give back, especially using our local raw materials,” Dapaah said. Each year, the company donates hundreds of bikes free of charge to kids who face difficulty when going to school.
The project was inspired by Dapaah’s childhood experiences. Raised by her grandfather in a rural village with limited transportation choices, she grew up traveling long distances on foot to get to her school.The company has also created an important source of employment in Kumasi.
Ghana Bamboo Bikes trains and employs men and women as professional craftsmen(手艺人)who harvest the bamboo,shave and sand down the raw materials,assemble(组装)the bikes,and paint them.
This incredible action has grown well over the last decade, with bamboo bikes being purchased by buyers in Europe and the US.And since ten trees are planted with every purchase, the bamboo forests in Ghana are thriving(旺盛的)as well!
1. What is the characteristic of the products of Ghana Bamboo Bikes?| A．They’re free of charge. | B．They’re very fashionable. |
| C．They’re environment-friendly. | D．They’re intended for adults. |
| A．A professor. | B．A high school student. |
| C．Dapaah’s manager. | D．A founder of a company. |
| A．She led a tough life. | B．She was lacking in love. |
| C．She was almost starved. | D．She formed the habit of running. |
| A．Teens in the US love bamboo bikes. |
| B．Volunteers are badly in need of in Ghana. |
| C．Sales of bamboo bikes are as important as bamboo forests. |
| D．The coverage of hamboo bikes is widening beyond Ghana. |
| DONALD SLOAN | ||
| Gates Hall University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045 913-243-1682 | After May 2009: 46 Clayton Drive St．Louis, MO 63130 314-726-8840 | |
| Objective | To work with theclient(委托人) population in a social service position. | |
| Education | B.A., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009 Major: Social Services Minor: Applied Psychology | |
| Experience | Assistant Activities Supervisor,Fairview Nursing Home, Lawrence, KS, November 2006-present．Help organize and implement recreational activities for nursing home residents．Activities include crafts, dances, day trips, sing-alongs, and visiting performers. Hotline Volunteer．Teen Crisis Center, Lawrence, KS, September 2006- May 2007．Handled crisis calls from teenagers in the community．Dealt with drug use, unwanted pregnancies, failing grades, and the breakdown of parent-teen relationships. Nurse’s Aide,Danyers General Hospital, St．Louis, MO, Summer 2006．Assisted nurses in patient care．Took histories, updated charts, and helped prepare patients for surgery. | |
| Activities | University Concert Board．Work with other board members to plan and implement on-campus concerts. Senior Gift Campaign．Help manage the campaign to raise funds for the senior class gift to the university. Residence Hall Programming Board．Planned social events for Eggar Residence Hall. | |
| Skills | Fluent in French．Water safety instructor．Skilled at working with people. | |
| Interests | Skiing, softball, classical music, and guitar． | |
| A．an advertisement for enrolling new employees |
| B．a school report at the end of an academic year |
| C．a self-introduction meant to apply for a job |
| D．a part of a recommendation letter from a university |
| A．a wise leader | B．a skillful performer |
| C．a gifted scientist | D．a good social worker |
| A．is good at singing and dancing | B．is about to graduate from a university |
| C．has an interest in being a surgeon | D．specializes in psychology |
【推荐1】It wasn’t until Friends took off that I was a part of this extraordinary organization, St. Jude. And that was 25 years ago. I am very honored to be a part of St. Jude and I’ve been in love with it ever since.
Right around this time every fall I get to spend the day with a family of St. Jude. I always say it’s the best day of the year and the hardest day of the year. And a few years back I met a little girl named Sawyer. She was seven at the time and I remember she had this pink little dress on and these big angelic eyeballs. The chemo (化疗) had taken all of her hair and she had these tiny little tumors (肿瘤) on her body that she called her “bumps”.
She was just with me the whole time as we ran through the script again and again and again. And at the end of the day after hearing the word repeated over and over again, she looked up at me with those big blue eyeballs and she asked me, “What is cancer?” I just looked at her. Oh! I’m not equipped to answer this question. Here was this little girl who was fighting this deadly disease every single day and she didn’t even know what was the word for it. It was just part of her reality and she was just making the absolute best of it.
That’s what’s unbelievable about these children. Despite everything that they ate up against and as much pain as they’re often in, they are lively. They are joyful. They are fearless. And that’s part of the magic of St. Jude. I’m so honored to support their work because they’re giving children the best care on the planet so that they can regain their childhood, so that they can find their little inner superhero. They’re doing it at no cost so that the families can focus on their little ones, live without worrying about crippling hospital bills and their cutting edge treatments will soon one day find a cure. And that is what every child deserves to know, that they are seen, that they are powerful and are loved, that they deserve a seat at the table, that anything they have to say or any question they have to ask is of value, even if we don’t have all the answers for it.
So thank you very much for recognizing the work of this remarkable organization and for celebrating the power in each and every one of us. Thank you.
1. Which of the following can best describe the little girl named Sawyer?| A．Reliable. | B．Humorous. |
| C．Considerate. | D．Innocent. |
| A．teachers who are devoted to teaching |
| B．artists who have achieved great success |
| C．children who are struck by misfortune |
| D．students who are academically outstanding |
| A．upsetting | B．inspiring |
| C．exciting | D．weakening |
【推荐2】Rocky was a 65-pound dog. Rita was his eleven-year old owner. When Rocky was given to her, Rita immediately liked him. Whenever she was not in school,the two were always together and within touching distance. The family would lovingly call the pair “R and R”.
But Rocky had one shortcoming. He feared water very much because of a terrible experience. When he was at the age of seven weeks long before he met Rita,he was nearly drowned by a naughty boy who had been blamed by his father.
One late afternoon, Rita's mother took R and R to a shopping area near a lake. Rita was running along the wooden bridge over the water,enjoying the beautiful scenery around. Suddenly a boy on a bicycle hit Rita. She let out a cry of pain and fell into the lake.
Rita's mother was at the entrance of a store not far away. She rushed to the lake shouting for help. Rocky seemed to forget his fear and jumped into the water to save his owner. Rocky immediately swam to Rita and held her by the shoulder's clothes with his mouth. Rita's face was quickly out of the water and she could cough.Luckily,the water was calm,they were not far from the bank,and Rocky finally reached a depth where his feet were on solid ground. He pulled Rita hard until her head was completely out of the water, and then he stood beside her, licking (舔) her face.
Rita and her family firmly believed that it was only the big dog's love for the little girl that caused him to take action that might be life-dangerous.
1. From the text, we know __________.| A．Rita was once blamed |
| B．Rocky was eleven years old |
| C．Rita spent her spare time with Rocky |
| D．Rocky lived in Rita's home since his birth |
| A．Brave. | B．Honest. | C．Unkind. | D．Dangerous. |
| A．At noon. | B．At night. | C．In the morning. | D．In the afternoon. |
① Rocky came into Rita's life.② Rocky was nearly drowned.
③They were playing near the lake. ④ Rocky saved Rita from the water.
| A．①②④③ | B．②①③④ | C．③①②④ | D．④③②① |
【推荐3】CROSS COUNTRY
Name: Frederick Created: 04/16/2009
I’m a 33-year-old man riding the TransAmerica Trail west-to-east starting on May 18th of 2009 from Astoria, Oregon. I would like to ride about 90 miles per day and end up in Virginia in about 50 days. I will be riding self-supported and mostly camping and cooking under the stars with a few stays in motels along the way. Anyone is welcome to join me.<email: wilson_film@yahoo.com>
Name: Edmund Created: 03/30/2009
TransAmerica, west to east. My son (21) and I (52) are going to ride cross-country from 06/02/09 to 07/27/09 with a 30-foot recreational vehicle. Until a few days ago, we had a driver who was going to join us the last part of each day. Our plan is to take turns driving, so we’re looking for two more companions(同伴) to join us for all or part of the trip. We’ll spend nights in campgrounds and ride about 70 miles per day.<email: markimgrund@comcast.net>
Name: Willard Created: 03/20/2009
I’m planning on riding the TransAmerica Trail from west to east on or about May 15th 2009 from Astoria, Oregon. I would like to ride 85 to 100 miles per day and end up in Virginia 43 to 50 days later. Rest every 7-8 days. Traveling self-supported. Planning to camp with staying in motels when necessary. I’m an engineer. If interested, email me.<email:bickfordl@clearviewcatv.net>
Name: Caspian Created: 01/02/2009
Let's ride together! 32-year-old, looking forward to three months of trip. Cycling across the country along the TransAmerica Trail from east to west. I'm going to start in Maine and end in San Francisco. Traveling self-supported, depending mostly on camping and cooking. Planning to ride 50-60 miles a day. Looking at May 1 as a start date.<email: macondo176@gmail.com>
1. What is the purpose of the people in the passage?| A．To discuss a sports game. | B．To look for cycling partners |
| C．To develop camping skills. | D．To share traveling experience. |
| A．Frederick and Willard. | B．Caspian and Edmund. |
| C．Edmund and Frederick. | D．Willard and Caspian . |
| A．an American cycling organization | B．a type of touring bicycle |
| C．a bicycle route across America | D．a youth bicycle competition |
| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．. Six. | D．Five |
| A．July 1 | B．October 1 | C．September 1 | D．August 1 |
