An eating disorder is a mental health condition that significantly affects food decisions, self-image and everyday activities, which can affect anyone of any age and any gender. Millions of Americans are diagnosed with an eating disorder each year. Here are four common types of eating disorders.
Avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder
According to Alina Petre, a registered dietitian, people with this kind of eating disorder eat less due to a lack of interest in food or distaste for how certain foods look, or smell, or taste. They may lose weight, or experience nutritional shortage due to eating less than what is necessary for maintaining a healthy diet.
Anorexia Nervosa
This is the type everyone usually first thinks of when they hear the term "eating disorder". People with anorexia nervosa are crazy about perfecting their body image. They like to remain in control by limiting the amount of calories they consume to achieve their ideal body shape. Even when they are severely underweight, people with this disorder have a hard time recognizing it.
Bulimia Nervosa
People with this type of eating disorder indulge (沉溺于) in a large amount of food, and make themselves purge (清除) shortly after. Purging gives them a sense of relief. And similarly to anorexia nervosa, this helps them feel like they're in control of their own bodies.
It may be hard for others to spot those with bulimia nervosa because they might be able to maintain a normal weight.
Binge eating disorder
People who binge consume a large amount of food on a day-to-day basis. They often top the suggested daily calorie intake, and are usually overweight or obese.
1. Which of the following makes patients lack interest in food?| A．Bulimia Nervosa. | B．Anorexia Nervosa. |
| C．Restrictive food intake disorder. | D．Binge eating disorder. |
| A．To be a registered dietitian. | B．To experience nutritional shortage. |
| C．To recognize their underweight. | D．To keep their figure. |
| A．Feeling their bodies are under control. | B．Recognizing their own eating disorder. |
| C．Keeping a normal body weight. | D．Creating an individualized treatment plan. |
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【推荐1】Allan Felix is running a big business— something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. When she was 21 years old, she went blind due to certain illness. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place; to me, that was the safest place in the world.”
Luckily Felix was not someone who gave up easily. Soon she began to explore the world by using her other senses. She touched and smelled everything she came, across. She was soon able to do certain jobs herself, like milking the cows.
In her father’s farm, Allan Felix found a new way forward. She founded a company, bringing in organic wines from many different countries. She traveled from South America to Europe with the help of Hanley (a guide dog named Hanley). At first, Allan Felix resisted the idea of a Seeing Eye dog. But it’s hard to imagine her life or her business without him. She said, “When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of Hanley’s face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away. He goes to the vineyard with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know the soil is actually organic and that there are no chemicals.”
Felix told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? All things will round to him who will but wait.”
1. Why did Allan Felix hide in her home?| A．She was shy and didn’t want to meet strangers. |
| B．She feared that she would be hurt outside. |
| C．She disliked being exposed to the sun. |
| D．She got used to being alone at home. |
| A．It is no more than a guide dog. |
| B．It likes drinking organic wine. |
| C．It can distinguish earthworms and butterflies. |
| D．It helps Allan a lot in her organic wine business. |
| A．A nail which is of no use. |
| B．A task that is not easy to finish. |
| C．The difficulty you have to deal with. |
| D．The gift that God gives you. |
| A．Her guided dog, Hanley. |
| B．The loss of her vision. |
| C．Her born talent for business. |
| D．Her positive attitude to life. |
【推荐2】The cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record as advances in treatments for lung tumors （肿瘤） like video-assisted surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.
The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years, thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes. But from 2016 to 2017, the most recent period available, it dropped by 2.2%, the most ever in a single year, according to a report released Wednesday by the American Cancer Society. That compares with an average 1.5% yearly decline over the decade. The drop translates to roughly 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred had death rates remained at their peak. For lung cancer specifically, the death rate declined 4.3% annually from 2013 to 2017.
"It is really lung cancer that is driving this," said Rebecca Siegel, scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society, and lead author on the new study. "We found increases in survival for lung cancer at every stage in diagnosis.”, She attributed the lower deaths to improvements in treatments, including video-assisted surgery that enables more patients with early lung tumors to become eligible for operations; more precise radiation treatment; and better scanning technology that allows doctors to better assess the stage of tumor, so the patient gets the best treatment right away. At later stages of illness, new, targeted drugs that aim at specific disease-causing genes are helping patients whose tumors have those genetic flaws （缺陷）.Overall, lung cancer death rates have dropped by 51% for men since their peak in 1990, and by 26% for women since their peak in 2002.
There's the potential for more progress in future reports. That's because the latest death-rate statistics go only through 2017, and likely don't include the potential impact in lung cancer death from immune-therapy drugs. They became widely used in lung cancer only in the past few years.
The report, based on U.S. government data, isn't all good news. Prostate （前列腺）cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline. That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.
"Though it was definitely causing harm, it was also contributing to declines in death," Siegel said. What's needed now is better screening tests to detect only the prostate cancers that will go on to cause harm.
Population death rates are considered one of the most reliable ways of measuring progress in cancer treatment and prevention. By contrast, cancer survival rates can sometimes be influenced by improvements in diagnosing tiny, early stage tumors that wouldn't necessarily be deadly.
1. According to paragraph 2, ______.| A．cancer death rate reached its peak in 2017 |
| B．death rate decreases over the past 2 decades |
| C．2.9 million people die of cancer in America every year |
| D．most of the cancer patients in America suffer from lung cancer |
| A．female death rate of lung cancer drops more than that of male |
| B．targeted drugs have led to rapid increase in cancer death rates |
| C．better scanning technology will lead to improvement in treating genetic flaws |
| D．improper use of prostate-specific antigen test can lead to over-treatment of men |
| A．remain unchanged | B．show up |
| C．take off | D．become sharp |
| A．Medical Progress Prolonging Patients’ Lives |
| B．Cancer Death Rates Dropping at the Fastest Pace |
| C．Significant Improvement in Treating Lung Cancer |
| D．Advanced Technologies Applied in Cancer Treatment |
【推荐3】In the past few years, I have found mental illness has been a term largely avoided in conversation, and this has built a huge stigma against those suffering from depression, anxiety and other mental diseases. What’s worse, mental illness is only brought up when the news draw our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next tragedy happens.
It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next tragedy, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to seek the help they need instead of concealing it.
It took a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I am open about my taking medicine to treat my mental illness. I am open about the struggle of finding the medicine that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be honest and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.
We have the ability to help those we love and break the stigma around mental illness and change the idea that it’s something that needs to be cured. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one out of every four people.
In short, let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re uncomfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not alone. Just as Albus Dumbledore said, “Happiness can be found even in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light.”
Therefore remember to turn on the light.
1. What does the underlined word “stigma” mean in Paragraph 1?| A．consumption | B．shame | C．status | D．invasion |
| A．Humorous | B．Serious | C．Supportive | D．Cheerful |
| A．To introduce how the author’s mental illness have been cured |
| B．To tell us how important a comfortable conversation is. |
| C．To tell people what a bad experience the author once had. |
| D．To encourage those people with mental illness to talk about their problems. |
| A．It’s good to talk with those lonely people. |
| B．People have a tendency to ignore mental illness. |
| C．One’s happiness can cheer up others in low spirits. |
| D．Care and sharing may help those with mental illness out. |
| A．Shine a light on mental health |
| B．No conversations on mental health. |
| C．No tragedies caused by mental illness. |
| D．Seek ways to cure mental illness. |
【推荐1】Bike Share Toronto is the city’s official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore.
How it works
●Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system.
●Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.
●Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.
●Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock (停靠点) to make sure it’s locked.
Choose a plan
●For visitors
Day Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.
3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.
●For locals
Monthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.
Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.
The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.
Contact us
●Customer Service: (855)898-2388
●Repair Service: (855)898-2378
●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398
●Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498
1. Which is the most suitable choice for locals in Toronto?| A．Annual Membership | B．3-Day Pass | C．Monthly Pass | D．Day Pass |
| A．$5.5 | B．$9.5 | C．$12.5 | D．$15.5 |
| A．(855)898-2399 | B．(855)898-2498 |
| C．(855)898-2378 | D．(855)8989-2398 |
【推荐2】Bicycle tour and race
A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27 (Sat & Sun) at 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometers leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.
The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.
Cost: 200 yuan
Telephone: 4675027
Brazilian footballers
The Brazilian Football Club play Beijing Guo’an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26. The club has four nation team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Ronario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.
Ticket prices: 60, 100, 150 yuan
Time / date: 4:30 pm, August 26 (Sat.)
Telephone: 5012372
Rocking climbing
The third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26—27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators (观众).
Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.
Time / Date：9:00—12:00, August 26 and 27
Telephone: 7143177, 7144850
1. The article is mainly about ________.| A．visiting teams | B．things to do for the weekend |
| C．famous players | D．prices to pay for the sports events |
| A．35 | B．55 | C．75 | D．110 |
| A．4675027. | B．7143177. | C．5012372. | D．7144850. |
| A．A foreign team takes part in it. |
| B．You can watch it without paying. |
| C．You don’t have to be a sportsman to take part in. |
| D．The bus trip to the place of the competition is free. |
It’s a solid little Victorian gatehouse outside Ballycastle. It has an association with Irish nationalist Roger Casement. Close to the Causeway Coast, the closest beach is five minutes’ drive away. It is a good choice for those who want to avoid stairs, since all the main rooms are on the ground floor.
Sleeps 2 adults + 2 children, £730 a week at Christmas or New Year (three nights from £389), 353 1 670 4733, irishlandmark.com
It is located in a peaceful island, where a priory (修道院) was built 1,400 years ago. Guests at Coastguard’s Cottage, the latest addition to English Heritage’s portfolio （代表作品集）of holiday houses, can explore the priory ruins. The attractive whitewashed house is decorated with calming tones and contemporary furnishings and has views of Lindisfarne Castle.
Sleeps 6, £1,600 a week from 19 Dec, 0370 333 1187, english-heritage.org.uk
It sits on a 350-acre private nature reserve. Surrounded by woodlands, wetlands and wild meadows, it’s a heaven for wildlife. You might meet a few animals on a walk around the reserve. Built by local craftsmen using natural materials, it is a light-filled living space with huge windows, a woodburner (燃炉) and other essential for winter evenings — a home cinema system.
Sleeps 6, £1,430 a week from 29 Dec, 01580 720770 kentandSussexcottages.co.uk
In snowy winter, the quiet 16th-century cottage near Stowmarket is like a perfect picture on Christmas cards. The inside is also appealing, with a big farmhouse kitchen, antique furniture, comfortable carpets and an impressive fireplace. A good selection of films, music and books are provided. Approached via a single track lane, the cottage sits in three acres of wild meadow, surrounded by plenty of farmland.
Sleeps 5, £1,003 a week from 30 Dec (three nights £725), 01787 211115, grove-cottages.co.uk
1. How much will be charged if a couple with two children stay in Victorian gatehouse for a week at Christmas?
| A．£389. | B．£730. | C．£1,430. | D．£1,600. |
| A．Disabled people in a wheelchair. |
| B．Those who want to explore some ruins. |
| C．Those who are interested in wildlife. |
| D．Those who enjoy the scenery of farmland. |
| A．Victorian gatehouse, County Antrim. |
| B．Lindisfarne retreat, Northumberland. |
| C．Wildlife sanctuary, East Sussex. |
| D．Farmhouse kitchen, Suffolk. |
| A．irishlandmark.com |
| B．english-heritage.org.uk |
| C．kentandsussexcottages.co.uk |
| D．grove-cottages.co.uk |
