Washington —The government is telling all parents not to give cough and cold medicines to children under 2 without a doctor’s advice, as they may be harmful for children’s health.
Among questions about the benefits (好处) and risks of cough and cold medicines, the Food and Drug Administration said there would be a meeting on October 18-19 to discuss their use by kids.
Parents should carefully follow each medicine’s instructions, the FDA said. Other suggestions included:
●Do not give cough and cold medicines to kids under 2 unless specifically told to by a doctor.
●Do not give kids medicine that is meant for adults. Use only medicines marked for babies or children.
●There are many different cough and cold medicines. If you are not sure of the right one for a kid, ask a doctor.
●If other medicines are being given to a kid, the kid’s doctor should review and approve (认可)each of them.
●Read all the information in the "Drug Facts" box on the label to find out the active ingredients and the warnings.
●For liquid medicines, parents should use the measuring (测量的) spoon that is marked to deliver the recommended (推荐的) amount. A kitchen teaspoon or tablespoon should not be used.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?| A．Parents should not give kids medicines for coughs and colds. |
| B．Parents should be careful when giving kids under two medicines for coughs and colds. |
| C．The benefits and risks of cough and cold medicines. |
| D．Parents are criticized for overusing medicines for coughs and colds on their kids under two. |
| A．Use medicine marked for babies. |
| B．Know the active ingredients from the label. |
| C．Measure the proper amount for children. |
| D．Get the approval of your baby’s doctor. |
| A．stop giving cough and cold medicines to their kids |
| B．use a teaspoon when giving kids liquid medicine |
| C．let the kids decide the amount of medicine they should take |
| D．read all the information on the medicine label |
| A．a students’ book | B．a set of medicine instructions |
| C．the newspaper | D．a magazine |
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【推荐1】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don't move. It works perfectly. It's amazing,” said Johanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technologist --- also a hypnotist --- was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children's hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified (改变的) state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state --- an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.
“The technologist must build up a story with the patient,” Ms. L’Ecuyer said. “The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure.”
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story --- an injection (注射) becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.
“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L’Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness.”
The procedure attracted the staff(工作人员) a lot when it was introduced in January. “It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists,” Ms. L’Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.
1. The French technologist came to the children's hospital to________.| A．assist in treating a patient | B．carry out hypnosis training |
| C．start up a new department | D．learn about the procedure |
| A．creating a perfect world for patients |
| B．forcing patients into a state of deep sleep |
| C．putting patients into an unconscious state |
| D．leading patients' consciousness away from reality |
| A．uncertainty | B．enthusiasm | C．worry | D．dislike |
| A．An easy way to communicate with patients. |
| B．The standard method of conducting hypnosis. |
| C．An introduction of medical-imaging technology. |
| D．The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures. |
【推荐2】COVID-19 vaccinations are underway. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, has said that approximately 75 to 90% of Americans will need to be vaccinated to reach herd immunity in the United States. Public health experts recommended a staged approach to vaccination. Demand for the vaccine exceeded capacity in the beginning. Vaccine manufacturers ramped up production to meet the demand; however, public interest in getting vaccinated has been waning. The U.S. adopted the following staged approach, but by May 1, 2021, most of the country had already reached stage 2:
Stage 1a includes healthcare personnel and residents of nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Stage 1a vaccinations began in December 2020.
Stage 1b includes frontline essential workers: police officers; food and agricultural, postal, daycare, public transit, grocery store, public transit, and manufacturing workers; teachers; and people aged 75 and older. (Some states are allowing people 65 and older to register for the vaccine.) Some states began Phase 1b vaccinations during the second full week of January 2021.
Stage 1c includes people aged 65 to 74 and people ages 16 to 64 who have underlying health conditions that increase the risk of COVID complications. Essential workers of any age in the transportation, logistics, food service, construction, communications, information technology, energy, law, media, public safety, and public health sectors are also in Phase 1c. Many states were able to vaccinate Phase 1c in March and April.
Stage 2 includes all other people aged 16 and older. (A COVID-19 vaccine is now authorized for teens age 12 and older.)
1. When did healthcare personnel begin to get vaccinated?| A．May, 2021. | B．December, 2020. | C．January, 2021. | D．March, 2021. |
| A．Increasing. | B．Decreasing. | C．Changing. | D．Improving. |
| A．To reach herd immunity, more than 90% of Americans needed to be vaccinated. |
| B．Most states of America had already reached stage 1c by May 1, 2021. |
| C．In stage 1b a man aged 66 can get vaccinated in some states of America. |
| D．All people ages 12 and older will get vaccinated at the end of the staged approach. |
【推荐3】Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) needs to prove its worth through rigorous clinical trials, according to the head of one of China’s largest herbal remedy companies, as a contentious new law to boost the $40bn sector comes into effect.
Traditional Chinese Medicine is estimated by analysts to account for a third of sales in China’s $117bn pharmaceutical (药学) market, the world’s second largest. But most of those sales are of relatively cheap over-the-counter drugs, with many Chinese hospital doctors unwilling to prescribe TCM remedies because of the lack of evidence for their effectiveness.
China’s first law promising equal status for TCM and western medicine in the country’s state-dominated healthcare system comes into effect this weekend. Provisions include encouragement for hospitals to set up TCM centres, and a licensing system for practitioners (从业者). “This law is very important for securing the status of TCM,” said Wu Yiling, chairman of Yiling Pharmaceutical, a company that makes herbal remedies based on traditional recipes in the northern province of Hebei.
Listed in Shenzhen, Wu Yiling has a market capitalization of RMB 20.7bn ($3bn). Mr Wu, the son of a herbal practitioner, controls a family fortune of $1.6bn, according to the Hurun Rich List.
Mr Wu is both a supporter of the nature of Qi—the mystical energy force that provides the basis for much of TCM theory—and the clinical trials vital to western pharmaceutical companies. “TCM needs to develop using modern research methods,” he said.
For instance, researchers from Peking and Cardiff Universities tested the health benefits of Yiling’s herbal medicine Yangzheng Xiaoji, publishing papers in the International Journal of Oncology that showed the drug can slow the growth of cancer tumours. “The theory and recipe is TCM, but in practice the evaluation of our medicines is carried out according to western evidence-based methods,” Mr Wu said.
Analysts say such tests can help gain support from doubtful hospital doctors and boost prescriptions. “Doctors need strong evidence that drugs definitely work,” said Serena Shao, healthcare analyst at brokerage CLSA. “Some of these companies are currently doing clinical trials, and getting proof that their drugs have the same efficacy (功效) as chemical drugs. That’s the way to go.” she added.
The TCM law has been greeted with doubt from China’s western-schooled medical establishment, which points to a lack of rigorous training for TCM doctors, and a recent series of shocking events involving herbal injections believed to have been harmful. “Officials will try and encourage TCM, but also will be very cautious about what kinds of TCM they use in hospitals,” added Ms Shao.
1. Why does Traditional Chinese Medicine need to prove its worth through rigorous clinical trials?| A．Because Chinese medicine is all cheap over-the-counter drugs |
| B．Because Chinese medicine market is the world’s second largest one. |
| C．Because Chinese government wants to boost the law of Chinese medicine. |
| D．Because doctors are unwilling to prescribe TCM remedies lacking evidence of effectiveness. |
| A．Articles of law. | B．Ways of supplying. |
| C．Methods of motivation | D．Approaches to inspiring. |
| A．is a herbal practitioner, controlling a family fortune |
| B．has a company in Shenzhen that has a market capitalization of $3bn |
| C．lets his company evaluate herbal medicines with western evidence-based methods |
| D．thinks that if we need to develop TCM, we should use Chinese traditional research methods |
| A．western doctors deny the effectiveness of TCM |
| B．TCM hasn’t been recognized in the western medicine |
| C．there is a lack of rigorous training for TCM doctors |
| D．a recent series of shocking events has destroyed Chinese medicine |
【推荐1】When Kevin Durant gave his tearful MVP speech m 2014, the NBA star made sure to thank one person who had been there with him from the very beginning: his mother. His heartfelt words about the sacrifices she made for Durant and his brother led to a lifetime movie about her journey as a single parent, The Real MVP: The Wanda Durant Story.
Today, the NBA superstar’s mom travels the country as a motivational speaker and philanthropist (慈善家). On Monday, she spoke at Thomson Reuters’ in New York about her personal struggles to achieve financial stability and shared the financial advice she gave her son when he entered the league with CNBC.
“I wanted him to realize he has worked hard,” she says, “And it is OK for him to enjoy himself because of his hard work. But it is also imperative that he prepares for his future.” While she advised him to enjoy the rewards of his labor, she also wanted to make sure that her son knew the importance of financial planning.
She told the audience that when she found herself a single parent to two children at 21, she couldn’t follow the financial principles. Rather than planning for the future, she focused only on how her money could make ends meet for that moment.
Recently, Durant has teamed up with Laurene Powell Jobs for a new philanthropic program called College Track which is aimed at helping disadvantaged kids attend college. As part of the program, Durant has committed to donating $10 million to his hometown’s public school system.
Durant’s mom says that in addition to his financial decisions, she is proud of his philanthropic work and his desire to help the community, “I thought giving back was always very important, and so we talked about that and he had seen that from us as a family and it’s one of the things that I taught him,’’ she says.
1. What is The Real MVP: The Wanda Durant Story mainly about?| A．Durant’s career path. |
| B．Durant’s hard childhood. |
| C．Durant’s mother’s struggling to be independent. |
| D．Durant’s mother’s devotion to the family. |
| A．To share experience of her life and education on her son. |
| B．To make Durant realize the importance of financial planning. |
| C．To give the audience advice on how to achieve financial stability. |
| D．To explain that we can enjoy rewards by working hard. |
| A．Enjoyable. | B．Important. | C．Unusual. | D．Hopeful. |
| A．Enjoying now and planning for the future. |
| B．Sharing rewards and creating a charity program. |
| C．Spending less money and saving for the emergencies. |
| D．Donating money to the charity and helping more schools. |
| A．His kind heart. | B．His poor hometown. |
| C．His mother’s teaching. | D．His difficult life experiences. |
【推荐2】In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. “I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn’t really have many life skills or self-confidence,” Deegan said.
However, baking was something that always brought her joy as a child. One day while helping out in the neighborhood, Deegan picked up a handheld mixer and started baking. “My life was just out of control, but baking is such a controlled thing, where if you take the right steps and follow the directions, you’ll get a pretty exact result,” she said.
Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people’s homes, which helped her reconnect with people. “Feeding people is such a universal love language,” she said. However, she was still trying to figure out how to find a career at 27 years old. She had no real work experience and she couldn’t put ‘quit drinking’ ” on her resume.
Deegan’s life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business. “People have been walking, running and lining up to get cookies, and it’s just been so magical seeing that,” she said.
When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don’t have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. “You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you’ve got a job,” Deegan told the reporter.
1. What was Deegan mainly struggling with in 2013?| A．Emotion management. |
| B．Interpersonal relationship. |
| C．Work-life balance. |
| D．Alcohol addiction. |
| A．Working previously in the baking industry. | B．Seeing people running to get cookies. |
| C．Wanting desperately to gain total control. | D．Offering baked food out of goodwill. |
| A．She achieved success through baking. |
| B．She was ambitious about her business. |
| C．She has an open-door employment policy. |
| D．She only hired inexperienced workers. |
| A．Creative and smart. |
| B．Persistent and receptive. |
| C．Honest and optimistic. |
| D．Kind and easy-going. |
【推荐3】At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, US, old-fashioned houses look over the little red barn (畜舍). The farm is mostly empty now. Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County. As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.
But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock (FCL) Club, which showcases (展示) various skills. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life,” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”
The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must take a six-hour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet (兽医) care.
Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer. But as his land gets sold, he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the ban by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.
There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon,” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.
1. What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?| A．Attend a class. | B．Pay certain money. | C．Have varied skills. | D．Get special club programs. |
| A．It offers services unconditionally. | B．It pays for their use of the barn. |
| C．It lets mothers care for animals. | D．It allows mothers to push kids. |
| A．Suspicious. | B．Moved. | C．Appreciative. | D．Opposed. |
| A．Kids’ life on a sold farm. | B．Valuable lessons learned on the farm. |
| C．A special club intended for Lexington kids. | D．A club activity of caring for farm animals. |
