【推荐1】We’re reading a book or opening an envelope when, all of a sudden, there’s a sharp pain on our finger. You see a little bit of blood and realize you’ve just gotten a paper cut.

Dr Hayley Goldbach, a resident dermatologist at UCLA Health, spoke about why paper cuts are so jagged, how the element of surprise leaves us in more pain and how to make sure they heal quickly.

Dr Goldbach explained that one reason paper cuts hurt so much is where they occur: primarily on the finger. We have nerve endings all over the body, "she said. "In places where there is refined movement and sensation--like the lips or tips of the fingers-they have a high density of nerve endings. ” These nerve endings are known as nociceptors and they send signals to the brain about things that could cause a break in the skin, such as extreme hot or cold temperatures and chemicals.

Another reason why paper cuts hurt so much is that you re using your hands throughout the day meaning that the wound is constantly getting opened. "You often get paper cuts on the pad or the tip of the finger, different from where you d get a knife cut, "said Dr Goldbach. " It's hard not to use your hands, so there’s constant pressure on the wound without u chanee for it to heal. "

“The paper itself is another reason why these superficial cuts leave us in so much pain. Paper might look and seem smooth but, if you study it under a microscope, the edge is actually jagged. "Paper is quite sharp jagged-it's a bit of serrated edge, "said Dr Goldbach. "It cuts you pretty quickly before you have the chance to realize it. ”

Additionally, paper cuts are quite shallow, which makes them even more annoying to deal with.

Dr Goldbach added that there are mental and emotional elements that cause paper cuts to hurt more than other cuts. "There’s the psychological element of surprise, and it happens so quickly that you don’t have time to withdraw your hand "she said " With some other injuries, you feel pressure so you have time to react. ”

She also added that because we don’t expect to hurt ourselves while working with paper, the surprise of cuts leaves us in further pain. "We tend to be careful with a knife-you’re being careful on purpose: because you know there: s a danger, "said Dr Goldbach. While we are careful with knives, we are not so careful with paper.

1. The underlined word "jagged" is closest in meaning to ______.

A．sharp	B．not dull
C．not rough	D．not smooth

2. How many reasons why paper cuts hurt so much are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.	B．Four.
C．Five.	D．Six.

3. What will the following passage be about?

A．How to deal with paper cuts.

B．How to prevent paper cuts.

C．how to make sure paper cuts heal quickly.

D．The different pains caused by knife cuts and paper cuts.

【推荐2】Procrastination (拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to?     1    

◆Acknowledge the need to change.

If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad.     2    

◆Identify and understand your feelings.

You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time.     3     However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks? You might need to say “no” more often to give the proper time and attention to the more important things. You can also set a time limit on your break, maybe 15 to 20 minutes.

◆     4    

If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule. Force yourself to work on a task for just five minutes, with the understanding that you can quit after five minutes if you like. This simple mental trick is usually just to get you started. And it will often turn into much more than five minutes.

◆Work on stuff earlier.

    5     But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.

By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done than you anticipated. Additionally, you increase the quality of your work because every time you revise your thing, it gets better.

So, remember: Fighting procrastination is a life-long battle, but it’s a winnable one.

A．Use the five-minute rule.

B．These emotions are quite natural.

C．You might think of the possible results.

D．Here are some ways to beat procrastination.

E．Pay special attention to the quality of your work.

F．Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.

G．For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.

【推荐1】Try this: For an entire day, forget about the clock. Eat when you’re hungry and sleep when you’re tired. What do you think will happen?

You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You’ll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep. Even though you don’t know what time it is, your body does.

These patterns of daily life are called circadian rhythms, and they are more than just habits. Inside our bodies are several clocklike systems that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle. Throughout the day and night, our inner clocks direct changes in temperature, body chemicals, hunger, sleepiness and more.

Everyone’s rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early.

Learning about our body clocks may help scientists understand why problems arise when we act out of step with our circadian rhythms. For example, traveling across time zones can make people wake up in the middle of the night. Regularly staying up late can make kids do worse in tests.

“There is a growing sense that when we eat and when we steep are important parts of how healthy we are,” says Steven Shea, director of the Sleep Disorders Program at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens. That’s what neurologist (神经病学家) Frank Scheer and his workmates did in a recent study.

Staying up night after night, their studies suggest, could make kids extra hungry and more likely to gain weight. And regularly sleeping too little, Scheer says, may be one cause of the recent increase in childhood obesity (肥胖).

1. What will happen if you forget about the clock according to the passage?

A．You will feel upset.

B．You will behave normally.

C．Your body will not know what time it is.

D．You will probably get hungry more easily.

2. What does “circadian rhythms” probably mean?

A．habits.	B．body chemicals.
C．clocklike systems.	D．bad consequences.

3. How do Frank Scheer and his workmates study body clocks?

A．By seeing what happens when they are messed up.

B．By asking questions and collecting answers.

C．By studying people traveling across time zones.

D．By programming people with man-made clocks.

4. What will the writer most probably talk about next?

A．Other examples what happens when body clocks go wrong.

B．Medicines that can keep people from putting on weight.

C．Reasons why it is important to have a normal body clock.

D．Emphasis on what circadian rhythms are.

【推荐2】Recent data shows that people in the U.S. can expect to live an average life expectancy (寿命) of 78.7 years. That puts Americans well behind that of 80.3 years in developed countries like Canada, Germany and Japan. Luckily, a 2018 study from Harvard University found that keeping these five habits could add up to 10 years or more to a person’s life:

1. Maintain a healthy diet

This isn’t as easy as it sounds, especially when you’re dealing with your work, family and social commitments. may be tempting, for example, to grab a quick bite at a fast food chain on your lunch break or order takeout during late nights at the office. But a recent study published in the British journal found that poor diets lead to one in five deaths.    1     A good diet, according to the researchers, contains minimally processed, whole foods and grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and any natural source of protein (i.e. fish and beans).

2. Exercise daily

    2     Even the world’s most successful business leaders, like Oprah Winfrey and Bill Gates, make physical activity a daily priority. Just small amounts of daily exercise can help maintain a healthy body weight, maintain healthy bones, muscles and joints, promote psychological well-being and reduce the risk of certain diseases, including some cancers.

3. Keep a healthy weight

A “healthy” weight varies from person to person, but usually a body mass index (BMl) between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered healthy. A study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that those who monitored their weight less frequently were more likely to gain weight.     3    

4. Limit your alcohol intake

Alcohol shows up at happy hour, conferences, social outings and so much more. Therefore, it’s hard to escape drinking it. To get through long days, some may even rely on alcohol as a stimulant (兴 奋剂) in social settings.     4     To begin with, it can add to your waistline and increase the risk of several cancers. While it can be difficult to moderate your alcohol intake, avoiding alcohol altogether benefits you a lot.

5. Don’t smoke

As the health risks of smoking have become increasingly apparent, there’s been more effort in warning people about the dangerous side effects.    5     However, your body will thank you in the long run if you do so.

A．But there are many downsides.

B．That doesn’t mean it’ll be easy to kick the habit.

C．Start viewing the scale as tool to stay within the healthy range.

D．However, drinking heavily increases the risk of diabetes （糖尿病）.

E．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

F．It’s absolutely essential to set aside time to exercise.

G．It can also lead to problems like high blood pressure and diabetes.