Smokers may ignore the health warnings by telling themselves their habit makes them look cool. After all, sex symbols James Dean and Humphrey Bogart were rarely seen without a cigarette. However, the latest evidence shows that smoking actually makes you less attractive to the opposite sex. Wrinkles from smoking a cigarette may be to blame for people judging non-smokers to be better-looking.
This was the result of a study asking more than 500 people to pick the most attractive of twins where one smoked and the other did not. Men found female non-smokers the most attractive in two-thirds of cases, while women chose non-smoking men as the most attractive 68 percent of the time.
Professor Ian Penton-Voak, a co-author of the study from Bristol University, said, “People assume that smoking causes damage to the skin and appearance, but this is a really neat way of looking at it because these twins are genetically identical, so we can control for genetic factors involved in ageing. Appearance seems to be important to people, especially young people, so we could use these sorts of findings as a basis for future interventions to stop people smoking.”
Smoking can speed up the normal ageing, even after only a decade. Nicotine causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the outermost layers of the skin, while the chemicals in tobacco smoke damage collagen and elastin, fibres which give the skin its elasticity(弹性).
The wrinkles this causes are added to by facial expressions made when smoking—such as pursing the lips when inhaling(吸气)or squinting to keep smoke out of your eyes.
1. Why does the author mention James Dean and Humphrey Bogart?A.To persuade smokers to give up smoking. |
B.To compare them with non-smokers. |
C.To tell us many people are influenced by them. |
D.To show understanding and comfort smokers. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Favourable. |
C.Unconcerned. | D.Cautious. |
A.Smokers look cooler than non-smokers. |
B.Smoking may speed up skin’s ageing. |
C.Smokers look younger than non-smokers. |
D.Smoking should be banned right away. |
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【推荐1】Most of the diseases are caused by bacteria on the hands. 99% of the spread of bacteria traveling through droplets can be prevented by proper hand-washing. Bacteria can be picked up while people are using public restrooms, reading in libraries and sharing computers, etc. Every individual needs to wash his or her hands properly to reduce disease spread.
Turn on the tap and let running water wet the hands and wrists. While using a public restroom, one should consider that the faucets(水龙头) might have been polluted. Thus one should turn on the tap by using a paper towel. Apply some soap to the hands. Soap works well to remove the dirt.
For at least 15 seconds rub(搓) the hands strongly together, which, along with the soap and water, helps wash off bacteria. Rub the hands thoroughly, including the back of the hands, between the fingers, around the surfaces, under the fingernails and wrists.
Under running water, wash the hands well. The running water carries away the dirt from the hands. While washing the fingers, allow the water to drop downwards instead of moving towards the elbows and polluting them. With a clean towel, dry the hands. If you are using a public restroom, a paper towel should be used to turn the faucet off.
When soap and water are not available, the alcohol-based hand sanitizer(消毒杀菌剂) proves to be an excellent alternative. In fact, this hand sanitizer is more effective in killing viruses and bacteria, compared with soap and water, which only wash them off. Hand sanitizers can help prevent skin dryness, but some of them may lack the alcohol content and are therefore not recommended. Washing the hands with the sanitizer simply requires rubbing the hands together till they are dry. The hand sanitizer should cover all the surfaces of the hands.
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?A.Washing hands regularly may free you from diseases. |
B.Dirty hands may leave bacteria in public places. |
C.Reading in libraries is not advised due to bacteria. |
D.Sharing computers is not recommended now. |
a.Turn on the faucet and wet the hands.
b.Dry the hands with a clean towel and turn off the tap.
c.Apply some soap to the hands and rub the hands completely.
d.Wash the hands under running water and wash them downwards.
A.abcd | B.adcb | C.acbd | D.acdb |
A.About half a teaspoon of sanitizer is enough. |
B.For dirty hands, hand sanitizers are useless. |
C.Only the alcohol-based ones should be used. |
D.Hand sanitizers can wash off bacteria completely. |
A.Proper hand-washing techniques |
B.Frequent washing kills viruses |
C.The best way to prevent bacteria |
D.Ways to avoid spread of infection |
【推荐2】Many people have weight (体重) problems. These problems are bad for their health. One of the biggest reasons (原因) is that we sit around too much. So, the best way to lose weight (减肥) is to move your body.
Turn off (关闭) the TV. It’s the first thing you need to do. Once a week, turn off the TV and play some sports with your family. You can do something more interesting than sitting in front of the TV, such as playing games and taking a walk.
Walk more. Look for small ways to walk more. When you get the mail (邮件), take a walk around the house. Take the dog for a walk each day or ride your bike for 10 minutes before getting ready for work.
Do some housework. Watering (浇水) the flowers, cleaning the windows, washing clothes and so on. These kinds of activities may not be vigorous (有力的) exercise, but they can keep you moving.
1. What is the biggest reason for weight problems according to the passage?A.The hard work. | B.Watching movies for too long. |
C.Playing games. | D.Sitting around too much. |
A.Turn off the TV. | B.Do some homework. |
C.Clean the window. | D.Do some sports. |
A.Turn off the TV. | B.Walk more. |
C.Do some housework. | D.Lose weight |
A.How to live a healthy life. |
B.How to take a walk. |
C.How to lose weight. |
D.How to play games. |
【推荐3】How do you relax after a stressful day in the office? There are many ways to help you relax. But the best way lies in the great outdoors.
Forest bathing is about taking time to wander through woodland with no fixed plan or route and just expose yourself to the forest atmosphere. Having this exposure to nature seems to promote well-being.
Another study carried out a few years ago by Stanford University in the US, found similar benefits. Brain scans showed reduced activity in an area of the brain linked to the risk of mental illness in participants who took a 90-minute walk among oaks, birds and squirrels. One of the researchers, Gregory Bratman, said, "There's an increasing body of evidence showing that natural areas benefit us at least emotionally with our mood and our physical development too." The evidence seems clear that forest bathing is a shot in the arm for stressed-out workers. So now is the time to get out and lose yourself in the natural environment,
A.You could even hug a tree as it could be your new best friend! |
B.The Japanese concept of forest bathing dates back to the 1980s. |
C.Connecting with nature has never been more urgent. |
D.Forest bathing is rising in popularity around the world. |
E.It also found forest bathing can decrease stress, anxiety, and depression. |
F.That's particularly good for people with mental health issues. |
G.It takes a little effort to get there but the benefits are great for our stressed-out lives. |
【推荐1】If you have ever had a cat, or have watched one of the many funny cat videos online, you’ll know that cats have a mind of their own. A lot of the things they do are hard to understand—they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.
Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends. According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild. “Cats today still have many of the same instincts that allowed them to live in the wild for millions of years.” he said in a TED Talk. “To them, our homes are their jungles.”
In the wild, cats are hunters. Their bodies and great balancing abilities allow them to climb to high spots to better look at the environment. Even though they don’t have to hunt any more in human houses, they still keep the old habit of viewing the living room from, for example, the top of the refrigerator.
Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small.
However, cats can also be prey. This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines— they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals. This is also why cats prefer a clean box: a smelly one could easily show enemies where they are.
Knowing how cats’ minds work is not only useful for better understanding them. It may also help cats’ owners to better meet cats’ needs. For example, owners could try to make climbing easier for cats by moving their furniture around. They could also use “food puzzles” to make eating feel more like hunting instead of just giving food to the cats.
1. According to Tony Buffington, ________.A.cats’ strange behavior is difficult for humans to understand |
B.cats are more used to living in the wild than in humans’ homes |
C.cats’ instincts are as helpful to them today as they were millions of year ago |
D.cats behave strangely mainly because they still have some instincts in the wild |
A.Cats like to climb up high because they want to hide from dangerous animals. |
B.Cats attack keys and USB drives because they have a habit of hunting small animals. |
C.Cats enjoy staying in small spaces because they usually live in small caves in the wild. |
D.Cats’ preference for a clean litter box has something to do with their hunting habits. |
A.an animal that is hunted |
B.an animal that is too shy |
C.an animal that keeps itself clean |
D.an animal that likes hiding games |
A.describe cats’ past wild experience to readers |
B.explore the reasons for cats’ strange behavior |
C.tell cat owners how to make life easier for cats |
D.compare cats’ behavior in human homes with that in the wild |
【推荐2】Species of all types have evolved over the centuries to be just the right height for their need.
So whether it's a giraffe or an elephant, these land animals stand just as tall as they need to.
No other land mammal (哺乳动物) has quite the view like the giraffe. Standing between 14 and 19 feet, giraffes are the tallest land mammal in the world. Their height is an advantage.
Because of the height, their good eyesight and strong kicks, giraffes aren't often brought down, even by lions. Still, giraffes face threats from humans for their skin and meat.
The ostrich (鸵鸟), a large flightless bird, is among the most recognizable of birds. Their long necks are matched by their long legs, and this gives them an average height of 6.6 feet. With their legs, they can reach up to 64km per hour. These birds have a reputation for sticking their heads in the sand, but in fact, they're digging holes to bury their eggs. From far away, it looks as if they're putting their heads in the sand. Now, most of their living areas have been taken up by man, which has greatly reduced their number.
Coming up behind the giraffe in the height competition is the African bush elephant. They weigh about 6,100 kilograms — they're even more difficult to be caught than giraffes. Lions try their best to catch younger elephants, but often with little success. Still, the species is considered endangered due to the loss of their homes.
Arabian camels are the tallest of the camel species. Males can reach about 6.6 feet. Despite their impressive size, Arabian camels disappear in the wild due to man's illegal hunting.
1. Why do ostriches dig holes in the sand?A.To build homes. | B.To cover their eggs. |
C.To hide themselves. | D.To bury their heads. |
A.Giraffes. | B.Ostriches. | C.African bush elephants. | D.Arabian camels. |
A.Human activities. | B.Natural enemies. |
C.Agricultural development. | D.Lack of living areas. |
A.The right height for wild animals. | B.Reasons for the height of animals. |
C.The strongest mammals in the world. | D.The tallest land animals on the earth. |
【推荐3】Young babies make many short and word-like sounds such as “ba” or “aga”. Those early sounds are later replaced with words and, eventually, sentences. While some of them are born to be more talkative than others, a new study confirms that male babies make more sounds than female babies in the first year.
While the research confirms earlier findings from a much smaller study by the same team, they still come as a surprise. That’s because there’s a common and long-held belief that females have an advantage over males in language.
In the study, Dr Kim and his team included more than 450,000 hours of all-day recordings of 5,899 babies, using a device about the size of an iPod. Those recordings were processed to count the number of words spoken by babies and adults across the first two years of life.
Generally, the data showed that male babies made 10% more sounds in the first year compared to females. In the second year, the difference turned directions, with female babies making about 7% more sounds than males. Those differences were observed even though the number of words spoken by adults caring for those babies was higher for female babies in both years compared to males.
Why, then, would male babies be more talkative than females in the first year and not later? “We think it may be because boys are more likely to die in the first year than girls. Given that so many male deaths happen in the first year, boys may have been under especially high selection pressure to produce fitness signals to express their wellness and improve their chances of surviving,” says Kim. By the second year of life, as death rates drop sharply across the board, he added, “the pressure on special fitness signaling is lower for both boys and girls.”
1. Why are the findings of the new study surprising?A.They are similar to earlier ones. |
B.They show males are more talkative. |
C.They go against people’s common belief. |
D.They show babies learn language differently |
A.They received more language input. |
B.They showed better language abilities. |
C.They communicated more with adults. |
D.They made less sounds than female babies. |
A.Improved language skills. | B.Change in living environment. |
C.Less need for fitness signaling. | D.Increase in social communication. |
【推荐1】Walt Disney was born on December 5, 1901. Disney became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. He is particularly noted for being a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design.
Disney is famous for his contributions in the field of entertainment during the 20thcentury. His first success was through the series, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit which was created by the Disney studio for Charles Mintz of Universal Studios. When Disney asked for a larger budget for his popular Oswald series, Mintz refused and Disney had to quit. Later, Disney and his brother Roy O. Disney started from scratch and co-founded Walt Disney Productions, now known as The Walt Disney Company. Today, this company has annual revenues of approximately U.S. $35 billion. This success is largely due to a number of the world’s most famous fictional characters he and his staff created including Mickey Mouse, a character for which Disney himself was the original voice.
Disney won 26 Academy Awards out of 59 nominations, including a record four in one year, giving him more awards and nominations than any other individual. He is also the name sake for Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States, as well as the international resorts in Japan, France, and China.
Disney died of lung cancer in Burbank, California, on December 15, 1966. The following year, construction began on Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. His brother Roy Disney inaugurated The Magic Kingdom on October 1, 1971.
1. Walt Disney can be described with the following words except _____.A.Famous. | B.Creative. |
C.Versatile. | D.Respectful. |
A.Walt Disney’s talent was not valued by his old boss Charles Mints. |
B.Mickey Mouse made a great contribution for The Walt Disney Company. |
C.Oswald the Lucky Rabbit is considered the greatest success by Walt Disney. |
D.Walt Disney and his brother started a new company with the help of a sponsor. |
A.The road to fame and success for Disney. |
B.Misfortunes and regrets in Disney’s life. |
C.Disney’s talents in the field of entertainment. |
D.Achievements and recognition that Disney gained. |
【推荐2】The United States has a vast network of National Parks spread all around the country. Here are some National Parks for you.
Arches National Park, Utah
More than 2,000 natural stone arches make Arches National Park a special place in Utah. Travelers from around the world come to see brilliant sunsets that light up the sky each night. Hikers and rock climbers will love the endless options for exploring, while more low-key visitors are sure to love the camping.
Acadia, Maine
Super close to Bar Harbor, one of Maine's most beloved tiny towns, Acadia National Park tops travel guides for the Vacation State. Before making your way to Mt. Desert island, dine on the country's most famous fish and lake advantage of the opportunity to go whale watching on the Atlantic Ocean. When visiting Acadia, set aside some time to hike and go boating.
Mount Rainier, Washington
We couldn't leave the park with you slowly moving ice off the list. Washington's Mount Rainier National Park, found southeast of Seattle, has 25 of them (along with the famous volcano) as its attention-catching sight. The National Park says it's "the snowiest place on earth where snow is measured regularly." If snowcapped peaks aren't your thing, plan to visit the park when the weather is warmer.
Great Sand Dunes (沙丘), Colorado
You probably imagine the Rocky Mountains when you think about Colorado, but did you know that the Centennial state is also home to the United States' largest sand dunes? See them for yourself at Great Sand Dunes National Park, where you can go sand boarding or "fat biking". Though June temperatures are said to be some of Southern Colorado's best, a warm winter day can be an equally enjoyable time to see the dunes.
1. What do Arches National Park and Acadia have in common?A.Tourists can hike in the parks. | B.They are located in tiny towns. |
C.Both of the parks offer sea food. | D.They offer free guide to travellers. |
A.Sunsets. | B.Whales. |
C.Ice. | D.Sands. |
A.Arches National Park, Utah | B.Acadia, Maine |
C.Mount Rainier, Washington | D.Great Sand Dunes, Colorado |
【推荐3】Are you relatively skinny but growing a “beer belly”?
Then don’t be surprised at your next checkup if the nurse measures your waistline to determine your healthy weight. That’s because research is showing that a protruding (鼓出的) belly may be a sign of VAT — a dangerous form of fat around organs deep inside your body. “Studies confirm that visceral (内脏的) fat is a clear health risk,” said Dr. Tiffany Wiley, a senior expert at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Unlike the fat just under your skin, visceral fat raises your risk for heart disease. Experts think that’s because visceral fat raises blood pressure and inflames (使发炎) tissues and organs.
However, you can’t assume you’re safe from visceral fat if your overall weight is healthy, experts stress. That’s because you can have dangerous visceral fat even if you’re not considered overweight — and not have any visceral fat even if you are overweight.
How do you know if your stomach is protruding into dangerous size? Do a check. Non-pregnant women with a waist size greater than 88 cm and men with a waist larger than 102 cm, are at higher risk according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you’re Asian, it drops to 80 cm for women and 90 cm for men. But it is only a rough measure. “The only sure way to know is to check your visceral fat levels on a CT scan or MRI,” say experts.
According to the AHA committee, the most salutary physical activity to “shrink” belly is aerobic exercise. Aerobic means “with oxygen”, so aerobic exercise increases your breathing rate and promotes the circulation of oxygen through the blood. This type of exercise makes the heart work more effectively and improves its ability to move oxygen-carrying blood with every beat. Speed walking, jogging, stair climbing, cycling and swimming are all examples of aerobic exercise.
“However, more studies are needed to determine the best physical activity, food and other lifestyle changes to reduce heart disease risk,” Dr. Tiffany Wiley added.
1. What would a “beer belly” cause?A.Enlarged organs inside the body. | B.Higher risk of heart disease. |
C.Raised mental pressure. | D.Inflamed stomach. |
A.A white man with a waist size of 120 cm. |
B.A white woman with a waist size of 90 cm. |
C.An Asian man with a waist size of 102 cm. |
D.An Asian woman with a waist size of 75 cm. |
A.Beneficial. | B.Difficult. | C.Enthusiastic. | D.Useless. |
A.Doing aerobic exercise can remove visceral fat completely. |
B.Heart ability improves when one does speed walking. |
C.Further studies are needed to reduce heart disease risk. |
D.Food and life style determine one’s body shape. |