Who likes salty potato chips the most? The answer is British people! The trouble is that they are eating too many salty foods. Some of Britain’s largest restaurants are even serving dishes with unacceptably high levels of salt to children, according to a survey.
Researchers from Action on Salt analyzed a total of 302 meals on children’s menu from 50 largest restaurants in Britain. They found that 41 percent contained more than 1.8 grams of salt, the largest recommended amount for a child’s meal set by Public Health England (PHE) in 2017. More seriously, 34 percent of the meals had more than 2g of salt. They also found that levels of salt for the same meal could be largely different, depending on which restaurant made them. The spaghetti made by the Italian restaurant Prezzo contained 3.2g of salt, compared with 0.3g in the one made by Beefeater.
In September 2020, PHE set out new suggestions for the largest number of salt in children’s meals. It wants the level reduced to 1.71g by 2024. According to this, nearly half of the meals surveyed were over this level, including most meals at Gourmet Burger Kitchen and Pizza Hut, while Brewers Fayre, Burber King and Ikea made all their children’s dishes with less than 1.71g of salt.
Gramham Mac Gregor, Chairman of Action on Salt, said, “Gradually reducing the salt that is added to our food is the most effective measure for lowering blood pressure, so that we can reduce thousands of stroke (中风) and heart disease that are caused by overeating salt.”
“As for those restaurants who are unwilling to follow the instructions, ministers must now force them to stop adding all of this salt and putting our children’s future health at risk,” said Graham. “Parents should also pay attention to it,” he added. “Try to serve our children with more homemade meals and fewer restaurant foods. Try to add spices (香料) to food instead of salt. Try them. Our kids will thank us.”
1. In Paragraph 2, how did the researchers mainly explain their findings?| A．By analyzing figures. |
| B．By doing experiments. |
| C．By giving reasons. |
| D．By referring to another study. |
| A．Prezzo. | B．Gourmet Burger Kitchen. |
| C．Burger King. | D．Pizza Hut. |
| A．Taking in too much salt can lower blood pressure. |
| B．Parents should stop dining out with their children. |
| C．All restaurants must stop adding salt to their meals. |
| D．Children’s future health should be taken seriously. |
| A．Salt in Restaurant Food Is Increased |
| B．Salt in Meals Harms Humans’ Health |
| C．Salt in Children’s Meals Breaks Daily Limit |
| D．Salt Content Survey Caused Hot Discussion |
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【推荐1】“Snap, snap”, went Emily’s phone as she took a photo of her avocado toast for breakfast. Then, she posted it on Instagram, a popular social photo-sharing app. Emily is one of the millions of millennials — those born between the years 1981 and 1996 – in the West who are in love with avocados.
So why is the avocado, a green-colored fruit with a rough black outer shell originating from Mexico, loved so much by millennials?
At the start of the last century in the US, avocados weren’t popular. But this changed thanks to good marketing. Firstly, their name was changed from “alligator pear” to the nicer-sounding “avocado”. Then in the 1990s, at the Super Bowl – the US’ famous annual sports event watched by tens of millions on TV – a Mexican sauce made with avocados called guacamole was advertized. After this, avocados’ popularity soared. According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the value of avocados increased by nearly 70 percent between 1988 and the year 2000 in the US.
But it wasn’t until the 2010s, when millennials started the avocado toast trend that it became a fruit celebrity. Avocados, as a superfood rich in nutrients and “good” fats, are perfect for millennials, who are regarded as a health-conscious generation. As reported by USA Today, millennials are more interested in food than previous generations. For them, eating is not just about feeling full; it’s about a lifestyle. They care more about their well-being and eat healthier and more plant-based foods.
Of these foods, avocado toast is the poster child. On a list of the top 25 millennial food trends, Therecipe.com ranked avocado toast as number one. Millennials are a social-media- savvy generation. They love sharing their lives online through artistic pictures. The vibrant green-colored avocado spread on toast for breakfast became very Instagrammable. The avocado craze hasn’t stopped with eating. Searching online, you’ll find endless results for avocado-themed items. In 2019, Disney even released a line of avocado-themed merchandise.
Trends always come and go. But the millennials’ avocado trend isn’t showing any signs of disappearing anytime soon.
1. Why does the author mention Emily’s story in paragraph 1?| A．To promote a healthy fruit. |
| B．To show millennials’ love for avocados. |
| C．To indicate the popularity of Instagram among millennials. |
| D．To describe a typical lifestyle of millennials. |
| A．Why avocados weren’t popular. | B．Why avocados’ name was changed. |
| C．How the value of avocados was recognized. | D．How avocados became popular. |
| A．They taste good with toast. | B．They contain almost no fat. |
| C．They are nutritious and healthy. | D．They are a fruit celebrity. |
| A．Millennials sharing artistic pictures online. | B．Therecipe.com ranking it as the tastiest food. |
| C．The commercial value of the avocado. | D．The amount of avocado-themed items online. |
【推荐2】It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.
Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.
But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.
What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.
1. What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?| A．They can make a difference in marketing. |
| B．They hardly affect people’s food choices. |
| C．They are unlikely to fool wise customers. |
| D．They finally decrease people’s purchase desire. |
| A．An argument. | B．An example. | C．A comparison. | D．A comment. |
| A．The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from. |
| B．The senses of taste and smell are closely linked. |
| C．The influence of food smells changes over time. |
| D．The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it. |
| A．Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food |
| B．Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools |
| C．Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower |
| D．Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It |
【推荐3】Learn more about where your food comes from the next time you dine out… Well, thanks to these food apps, you can find the right food with minimal effort.
Seafood Watch was born out of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Its primary goal is to help people eat seafood with less impact on the environment. It functions by helping you understand which types of fish are considered sustainable. For example, blue point oysters from Florida are considered a “best choice”, whereas Pacific bigeye tuna is rated “avoid”.
HappyCow is one of the most convenient apps I’ve come across. You can be anywhere and with a click of a button, find a restaurant near you that offers vegetarian food for people who don’t eat fish or meat. I’ve used this while traveling in big cities like Toronto or remote areas like St. Moritz. It also has a great recipe section if you’re in the mood for cooking.
GoodGuide is a tool that rates food and other products on safety, health and moral principles. They take a look at the product’s ingredients(成分), its environmental impact and the company’s attention to labor rights and helping its community. Products are then scored from a low of 0 to a high of 10. The higher the rating, the better the product from a health perspective.
EWG’s Food Scores is a database created to let consumers make healthier, greener food choices. It was launched in 2014 and has ratings for more than 80,000 products. Their database rates foods on a scale of 1.0 to 10.0, with 1.0 being the best product, based on nutrition, ingredients and how it is processed. Since 2014, there have been over 32 million searches on the site.
1. Which app is best for someone who avoids meat?| A．Seafood Watch. | B．HappyCow. |
| C．GoodGuide. | D．EWG’s Food Scores. |
| A．It helps people eat environment-friendly food. |
| B．It focuses on social responsibilities. |
| C．The lower the rating, the worse the product. |
| D．The more nutritious the food, the higher the rating. |
| A．To introduce knowledge about food. |
| B．To encourage healthy eating habits. |
| C．To advertise four green phone apps. |
| D．To recommend some food-related apps. |
【推荐1】On a summer afternoon, Ciara Whelan, a teacher at a New York, City elementary school, visits one of her students in the Bronx, Sapphira, who fell behind in her reading.
This home visit is the beginning of a reading program called Springboard Collaborative. Springboard runs after-school and summer programs with struggling readers. Once each week, a family member — mom, dad, grandma, an old sibling (兄弟姐妹) — attends an hour-long workshop to help learn and practice the approaches students are learning in class. “Parent engagement (参与) is the beating heart of our programs,” says founder Alejandro Gibes de Gac. “It’s the spirit in the cocktail.”
Sapphira’s Springboard program is held in a classroom at a charter school in Manhattan. In the classroom, Sapphira’s dad, sits with his daughter, helping her mark her place in the book. After a few minutes of reading together, Whelan tells parents to ask students to summarize what is happening every few pages, to check comprehension.
In the past seven years, Springboard has collected a great amount of data to prove its effectiveness. For example: In just five weeks, on average, 3 out of 4 students get to the next reading level or even further. The program also gives books to each child. Backpacks full of school supplies and tablets are offered as encouragement for completing the whole program.
Springboard plans to increase the size by spreading its model, with a goal of reaching 100,000 children in the next four years. Currently it’s running tests in different cities to see which parts of the program are necessary and important and which could be cut if a particular school lacks money for them. For example, the free tablet and backpack, it has found, don’t seem to make much difference in the program’s success. The key instead is the promise that parents make to their children.
1. What do the underlined words “Springboard Collaborative” in Para.2 refer to?| A．A program to involve parents in kids’ reading practice. |
| B．A school where students learn to improve their reading. |
| C．A plan to strengthen the relationship between kids and parents. |
| D．A summer camp that helps struggling students with their reading. |
| A．Teachers’ home visits. |
| B．Parents’ participation. |
| C．Children’s new reading habits. |
| D．Encouragement from the program. |
| A．It is running tests to see whether it is welcome. |
| B．It intends to build a new model and spread it. |
| C．Its effectiveness is proved by a large amount of data. |
| D．Students will be given backpacks once they join in it. |
| A．No Pains, No Gains |
| B．Reading Makes One’s Life Better |
| C．How to Change Children’s Future |
| D．One Hour a Week, a Step Up |
【推荐2】Some people ski down mountains. Others climb huge rocks or photograph dangerous animals. Why do people enjoy risky activities like these?
Some people take risks simply because it makes them feel good. Psychologist(心理学家)Marvin says that this kind of explorer(探险者)is always looking for change and excitement. When people do something new or risky, a chemical in the brain creates a pleasant feeling. They love this feeling and want to experience it as often as possible.
Other people don't take risks for the feeling of excitement but to achieve a goal. For example, Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2, 000-mile special journey in central Africa. He worked to help save the wildlife there. Fay's expeditions helped create 13 national parks.
For other people, such as extreme athletes(极限运动员)，taking risks is part of their job. Sports psychologist Shane says extreme athletes see the world differently. In a dangerous activity, most people probably do not feel in control. Extreme athletes are different: they feel in control in dangerous situations. The danger can even help them. For example, skier Daron Rahlves says that being afraid makes him try harder to succeed.
Most of us are not extreme athletes or explorers. However, we still take risks in our lives. Some of us take social risks, such as speaking in front of a large group of people. Sometimes, we take financial risks, such as buying a house. And sometimes we take career risks, such as leaving a job or starting a business. Most people take risks in some areas of life, but not in others. What kind of risk-taker are you?
1. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．The brain. | B．Something new. |
| C．A chemical. | D．A pleasant feeling. |
| A．Much money. | B．A journey with a special goal. |
| C．A great idea. | D．A plan for a dangerous journey. |
| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
| A．Mike Fay is a professional risk-taker. |
| B．Most people don't take risks in their daily life. |
| C．Extreme athletes deal with danger better than others. |
| D．Daron Rahlves takes risks mainly for change and excitement. |
【推荐3】Tomatoes taste great. With a lot of vitamins, they are good for you, too! People around the world enjoy this amazing fruit.
Not all tomatoes are red. They can be yellow, orange, pink or white. All tomatoes are green before they are ready to be picked. Then the tomatoes turn their true color. That’s when they are ready to eat!
Tomatoes first grew in the Americas. The Incas (印加人) grew them over 1,000 years ago. They were introduced to Europe by the Spanish in the early 16th century. The Spanish and Italians seem to have been the first Europeans to accept them as food. In France, people grew tomatoes in the garden just to enjoy their beauty. Many people there thought tomatoes would make them sick. It was years before some of them would eat tomatoes.
Tomatoes are fruits. They grow from seeds. They won’t grow in cold weather. But with water, sunlight and warmth, tomatoes grow fast. They can grow in pots or in the ground. As the plant grows taller, people may tie it to a stick. Next is the blooming stage. Flowers appear. The flowers turn into fruit. Some kinds of tomatoes can be picked in about six more weeks. Some tomatoes are large. One kind of tomato can weigh as much as two pounds.
You can eat raw tomatoes. First, wash them. Then, cut them up for salads or sandwiches. Tomatoes can be cooked, too. They can be grilled, boiled, or even fried. Do you use ketchup (番茄酱)? It is made from tomatoes. Tomatoes don’t have a smell. But they taste great in foods around the world. Many dishes from India use tomatoes. Italians use them to make spaghetti sauce and pizza, too.
1. What can we know from the passage?| A．Tomatoes come in different colors. | B．Tomatoes grew in Europe first. |
| C．Tomatoes can grow in all weathers. | D．Tomatoes have a special smell. |
| A．Time. | B．Board. | C．Set. | D．Flower. |
A．  | B． | C． | D． |
| A．Family. | B．Food. | C．Science. | D．Health. |
